• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2000

지렁이를 이용하여 음식물쓰레기를 처리할 때 음식물쓰레기 전처리 공정에서 분변토의 Bulking Agent로 활용가능성과 분변토에 토착 기생하는 미생물을 조사하여 지렁이를 이용한 음식물쓰레기 처리의 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 실험을 수행 하였다. 실험에 사용된 음식물쓰레기는 낮은 pH(4.52)와 높은 수분(87.3%) 및 유기물함량(86.2)으로 직접 지렁이 먹이로 활용이 불가능 하였으나, 분변토와 혼합하였을때 지렁이의 먹이조건과 생육환경에 적합한 pH 5.92, 수분 58.6% 유기물함량 60.6%를 나타내어 음식물쓰레기의 Bulking Agent로 분변토의 활용 가능성을 나타내었다. 분변토의 미생물학적 조사에서 균종별 밀도는 세균의 밀도가 가장 높았으며, 세균의 밀도는 고온성보다 중온성이, 혐기성보다 호기성일때 밀도가 높았다. 또한 염분농도에 따른 세균의 밀도는 염분의 농도가 낮을수록 밀도가 높게 나타났다. 분변토를 수분조절제로 활용하기 위해 건조시킬때 건조방법(자연건조, 강제건조)에 따라 미생물의 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 효소의 활성도는 분변토의 건조전이 전조후 보다 높게 나타났다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2015

본 연구는 토양의 지력향상과 환경오염을 감소시키고, 안전한 유기축산물의 생산에 기여할 수 있는 유기조사료를 효율적으로 생산하기 위해 대표적인 동계사료작물인 호밀에 콩과 사료작물 혼파와 발효우분을 시용하여 생산성과 사료가치를 평가하고, 가축분뇨의 적정 시용수준을 구명하여 단위면적당 유기 한우의 사육 능력을 추정하고자 하였다. 조단백질 수량은 단파구(평균 353 kg/ha)보다 콩과사료작물 혼파구가(평균 760~786 kg/ha) 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 단파, 사료용 완두 혼파구는 무비구에 비해 질소시비 수준이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 호밀에 콩과 사료작물 혼파에 따른 조단백질 함량은 단파구(평균 4.93%)보다 혼파구가(평균 8.29~9.90%) 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 질소 시비 수준에 따른 비교에서는 호밀 단파구의 경우 무비구 보다 50 kg N/ha구가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). TDN 함량은 호밀 단파구가 평균 46.86%로 콩과 사료작물 혼파구의 평균 49.96~50.12% 보다 낮은 경향이었고, 특히 질소시비 수준이 150 kg N/ha구에서는 사료용 완두 혼파구가 54.55%로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 호밀의 사료가치에 따른 단위면적당 연간 유기가축 사육능력은 단파구(평균 2.26두) 보다 콩과 작물 혼파구가 3.72~4.12두로 유의하게 높은 사육능력을 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 경북남부지역에서 유기 가축사육 능력 증대를 위한 호밀의 생산성과 사료가치 향상을 위해서는 콩과 사료작물의 혼파가 필요하며, 콩과작물 혼파와 함께 가축분뇨의 적정 시용수준 추정은 앞으로 추가 시험과 함께 조사가 더 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.247-265
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• 2024

본 연구는 두당 사료작물 재배면적을 기준으로 0.1 ha 이상을 순환 농가로, 0.01-0.1 ha 사이는 일부 순환농가로, 0.01 ha 이하는 비순환 농가로 구분하여 유기 가축의 모델 구축을 위해 국내 유기 및 자체인증 한우 사육 12농가를 대상으로 질소 유입량과 배출량을 항목별 로 2022년 4월부터 2023년 3월까지 조사하였으며 순환 유형별 질소 수지를 평가하였다. 순환 유형별 자가생산 사료 급여비율은 순환 유기 한우 농장이 44.4%, 일부 순환농장이 15.0%인 반면 비순환농장에서는 4.2%였다. 퇴비의 자가 농경지 자체순환율은 순환농장 98.8%, 일부 순환농장 63.8%, 비순환농장 26.5% 이였으며, 비순환농장의 외부반출비율은 73.5%로 높았다. 연간 두당 질소 수지는 순환농장에서 42 kg, 일부 순환농장 47 kg, 비순환농장은 55 kg로 순환농장이 비순환농장보다 낮았다. 농경지 1 ha당 연간 잉여 질소량은 순환농장 234 kg, 일부 순환농장 1,161 kg, 비순환농장 5,476 kg로 순환 및 일부 순환농장이 비순환농장보다 매우 낮았다. 질소이용율(NUE)은 순환농장에서 54%, 일부 순환농장 36%, 비순환농장 29% 로 순환농장이 일부 순환 및 비순환농장보다 높았다. 결론적으로 한우 두당 사료작물 재배면적이 높은 순환 유기 한우 농장이 비순환 한우 농장보다 질소 수지에서 잉여 질소가 적고 NUE가 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 유기 한우 사육 농장의 질소 수지를 낮추기 위해서는 사료작물 재배 포장을 확보하여 외부 구입 사료량을 줄이는 동시에 가축분뇨 퇴비의 자가이용 순환율을 높이는 자원순환형 생태 유기농업으로 전환이 필요하며, 이를 통하여 유기 축산 농가가 경제성과 환경 생태적으로 지속 가능한 유기 축산의 실현이 가능할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2005

A study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nutritive value of some browse species from Kenya. The species evaluated included: Bauhinia alba, Bauhinia variegata, Bridelia micrantha, Calliandra calothyrsus, Carisa edulis, Cratylia argentea, Gliricidia sepium, Lantana camara, Maerua angolensis, Sesbania micrantha and S. sesban. The browses were evaluated by their chemical composition including phenolics, in vitro gas production and tannin activity (tannin bioassay). All the species had high crude protein content (149-268 g/kg DM) and low NDF content (239-549 g/kg DM). The feeds had varying contents of total extractable tannins (TET) ranging from low (3-22 mg/g DM), moderate (42-58 mg/g DM) and high (77-152 mg/g DM). Calliandra calothyrsus had the highest tannin content. Significant (p<0.05) variation in gas production was recorded among the species. Sesbania micrantha had the highest (p<0.05) potential gas production while Gliricidia sepium had the highest (p<0.05) rate of gas production. Use of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), to assess the adverse affect of tannins, indicated that tannins in browse species with high tannin content had inhibitory effects on rumen microbial fermentation as indicated by the gas production. Estimated organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy also increased with PEG addition. The results of this study indicate that such Kenyan browse species have the potential to be used as feed supplements for ruminant animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2008

The performance of growing rabbits fed Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa) residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was studied in an experiment using 64 rabbits (4 males and 4 females per treatment) of 2 breeds, New Zealand White and a crossbred between New Zealand White and native breed. The rabbits had an average initial weight of 668 g, were about 6 weeks old and were housed in individual pens. The foliages were fed ad libitum and a commercial concentrate was fed at a restricted level of 2% of body weight on a dry matter (DM) basis. In the digestibility experiment, the rabbits, 4 per foliage and males only, were fed the same foliages as in the growth experiment but without concentrate. Daily weight gain was lower in the group fed Ruzi grass, 14.8 g/d (p<0.001) compared to 17.6, 18.5 and 18.4 g/d for head lettuce, Mimosa pigra and water spinach, respectively. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were lowest for the rabbits fed water spinach, 66 g DM/d and 3.6 kg DM/kg live weight, respectively. The New Zealand White breed had a higher daily gain than the crossbred rabbits (p<0.05), 18.0 and 16.7 g/d, respectively. There were no significant differences in feed intake, growth or feed conversion ratio due to sex. The digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the rabbits fed Ruzi grass. Breed and sex had no effect on digestibility. In conclusion, feeding head lettuce residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach resulted in higher growth rate and digestibility than feeding Ruzi grass and can be recommended as alternative feeds.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.39-42
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• 1969

1. 무기인은 전반적으로 5령 4일째 공히 감소하고 5령 4일째 증가 하였다가 다시 감소하고 연엽구에 가장 많았고 편엽 중엽 혼엽구어서는 별로 큰 차가 없음을 알수 있었다. 2. 유기인은 5령 1일째부터 5일째까지 계속 증가를 나타냈으나 경엽구 5령 3일째에 증가하고 그 후는 감소하여 5일째에 약간 증가함을 나타내고 중엽구와 혼엽구는 계속 증가함을 알수 있었다. 3. 총 인을 공히 5령 3일째까지 큰 변동이 없었으나 연엽구완 혼엽구에서는 5령 4일째 가장 많았고 5일째까지 변동이 없었으나 경엽구는 5령 3일 이후 5일에 이르기까지 감소하고 중엽구늘 5령 4일째 증가하고 그 후는 감소함 알수 있었다. 4 병잠에서는 무기인 유기인 총인 다같이 5령초기부터 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1518-1523
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritive value of forages commonly used as ruminant feeds in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Seven species of grasses and five species of legumes were collected during the rainy season. The results showed that chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and crude protein (CPD), in vitro gas production and metabolizable energy (ME) content greatly varied among the species of grass and legume forages. The CP content ranged from 6.6 to 16.2% in grass and from 17.5 to 29.1% in legumes; while NDF content of grass and legume ranged from 57.2 to 66.2% and from 24.4 to 55.6%, respectively. The DMD, OMD and CPD of grass ranged from 49.1 to 62.2%, 51.9 to 64.4% and 50.5 to 60.3%; while in legumes the values ranged from 59.1 to 71.8%, 65.2 to 72.0% and 68.2 to 71.6%, respectively. The ME content of grass varied from 6.4 to 9.3 MJ/kg and from 6.5 to 8.3 MJ/kg for legumes. In general, within species of grass Cynodon plectostachyus contained higher CP but was lower in NDF that resulted in much higher digestibility; a similar result was also found in Leucaena leucocephala for the legumes. The two forages also contained much higher ME than the others. In conclusion, the nutritive value of forages in North Sumatra, Indonesia during the rainy season was relatively high as ruminant feed, with the best quality noted for Cynodon plectostachyus and Leucaena leucocephala.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.665-670
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• 1997

The digestibility (apparent) of P and other nutrients from the RSM, SBM and 2 batches of maize, wheat and barley was investigated in two experiments with 24 castrated male growing pigs. The effect of supplemental microbial phytase (1,000 U/kg) was also evaluated. The diets contained 25% RSM (Exp. 1) or 40% SBM (Exp. 2) and had no inorganic P. In each period of digestive trial, after 9 days of adaptation, faeces were collected for 5 days. The digestibility of P contained in the RSM and SBM was calculated by difference method. The P digestibility in maize, wheat, barley was on average 20, 34 and 36%, respectively. The digestibility of P in the RSM and SBM estimated from maize-based diets were 19 and 24 %, respectively. Kind of cereal grain had significant (p < 0.05) influence on the digestibility of P which was lower in the diets based on maize than wheat or barley. The digestibility of P significantly increased with the supplemental microbial phytase (on an average of 17%). Moreover, inclusion of enzyme into the diets positively affected digestibility of other nutrients, namely the protein and organic matter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.832-840
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the effects of storage duration and temperature on the characteristics of wet brewers grains (WBG) as feeds for ruminant animals. Four storage temperatures ($5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$) and four durations (0, 1, 2, and 3 d) were arranged in a $4{\times}4$ factorial design. Surface spoilage, chemical composition and microorganism density were analyzed. An in vitro gas test was also conducted to determine the pH, ammonia-nitrogen and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations after 24 h incubation. Surface spoilage was apparent at higher temperatures such as $25^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. Nutrients contents decreased concomitantly with prolonged storage times (p<0.01) and increasing temperatures (p<0.01). The amount of yeast and mold increased (p<0.05) with increasing storage times and temperatures. As storage temperature increased, gas production, in vitro disappearance of organic matter, pH, ammonia nitrogen and total VFA from the WBG in the rumen decreased (p<0.01). Our results indicate that lower storage temperature promotes longer beneficial use period. However, when storage temperature exceeds $35^{\circ}C$, WBG should be used within a day to prevent impairment of rumen fermentation in the subtropics such as Southeast China, where the temperature is typically above $35^{\circ}C$ during summer.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to the effects of population density and C/N ratios of feed on the growth, reproductive effciency and cast producation of the earthworm(Eisenia foetida). The population densities of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 individuals of the earthworm fed with different C/N ratios of 25, 35, 45 and 55 cow manures were studied in rearing box($6,400cm^3$), and at the fertility stage during a period of 60 days. The results were summarized as follows; The survial rate(SR), increasing rate(IR), reproductive efficiency(RE) and cast production of the earthworms showed highest values in C/N ratio of 25. These results may indicate that C/N ratio of 25 is a very favourable feed for the growth of the earthworms. The survial rate(SR) indicated significant positive correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different C/N ratios of feeds. The survial rate(SR) showed highest values in population densities of $50{\sim}100$ worms/$6,400cm^3(64.0{\sim}128.0cm^3/worm$). On the contrary, increasing rate(IR) tended to decreased with the increased population densities. The survival rate(SR) indicated significant negative correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different population densities of the earthworms. The cast production estimated were $31.6mg{\sim}67.4mg/day/worm$ grown in optimum population densities($50{\sim}100\;worms/6,400cm^3$). The earthworm casting are an excellent soil conditioning material or organic fertilizer sources with a high chemical composition and their physical properties.