• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2005

Present article reviews about clinical pharmacology of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active form of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), as widely used component of immunosuppressive regimens in the organ transplantation field. MMF, used alone or concomitantly with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, has approved in reducing the incidence of acute rejection and has gained widespread use in solid organ such as kidney, heart and liver transplantation. The application of MPA and development of MMF has shown a considerable impact on immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation as a new immunosuppressive agent with different mechanism of action from other drugs after early 1990s. In particular aspect, use of MMF, a morpholinoethyl ester of MPA, represented a significant advance in the prevention of organ allograft rejection as well as allograft and patient survival. In considering MMF clinical data, it is important to note that there is a strong correlation between high MPA area under curve(AUC) values and a low probability of acute allograft rejection. Individual trials have shown that MMF is generally well tolerated and revealed that MMF decreased the relative risk of developing chronic allograft rejection compared with azathioprine. Recent clinical investigations suggested that improved effectiveness and tolerability will results from the incorporation of MPA therapeutic drug monitoring into routine clinical practice, providing effective MMF dose individualization in renal and heart transplant patients. Therefore, MMF has a selective immunosuppressive effect with minimal toxicity and has shown to be more effective that other agents as next step of immunosuppressive agents and regimens that deliver effective graft protection and immunosuppression along with a more favorable side effect.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

The faulty regulation of imprinting gene lead to the abnormal development of reconstructed embryo after nuclear transfer. However, the correlation between the imprinting status of donor cell and preimplantation stage of embryo development is not yet clear. In this study, to determine this correlation, we used the porcine spermatogonial stem cell (pSSC) and fetal fibroblast (pFF) as donor cells. As the results, the isolated cells with laminin matrix selection strongly expressed the GFR ${\alpha}$-1 and PLZF genes of SSCs specific markers. The pSSCs were maintained to 12 passages and positive for the pluripotent marker including OCT4, SSEA1 and NANOG. The methylation analysis of H19 DMR of pSSCs revealed that the zinc finger protein binding sites CTCF3 of H19 DMRs displayed an androgenic imprinting pattern (92.7%). Also, to investigate the reprogramming potential of pSSCs as donor cell, we compared the development rate and methylation status of H19 gene between the reconstructed embryos from pFF and pSSC. This result showed no significant differences of the development rate between the pFFs ($11.2{\pm}0.8%$) and SSCs ($13.3{\pm}1.1%$). However, interestingly, while the CTCF3 methylation status of pFF-NT blastocyst was decreased (36.3%), and the CTCF3 methylation status of pSSC-NT blastocyst was maintained. Therefore, this result suggested that the genomic imprinting status of pSSCs is more effective than that of normal somatic cells for the normal development because the maintenance of imprinting pattern is very important in early embryo stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of protein levels and casein/whey ratios on organ growth and protein metabolism in early weaned rats. Premature rats weaned by the 17th day were fed six semipurified synthetic, isocaloric and gel diets that contained three levels (low, medium and high) and two different combinations(casein/whey ; 80 : 20 or 20 : 80) of milk protein for 8 days. On the 25th day postpartum, frest weigth and DNA, RNA and milk protein contents in brain, liver, kidney and muscle were determined to ascertain organ and cellular growth. Futher, with a view to ascertain protein metabolism and renal functions, serum total protein, $\alpha$-amino N, urea N, and creatinine and creatinine and urinary urea N, creatinine and hydroxproline were determined. Total DNA contents of brain, liver and kidney, which may represent as an index of cell numbers in those organs were significantly decreased in the rats fed diets containing low level protein regardless of casein/whey ratio. However, as fat as the rats fed high protein diets were concerned, their fresh weight, protein contents and GFR of kidney were significantly increased. Furthermore, nitrogen components, $\alpha$-amino N, urea N and creatinie in serum and urine were also increassed. Another observation was that high casein/whey ratio significantly facilitated accumulation of porteins in muscle and kidney and urinary hydorxyproline excretion, not affecting the DNA content of those organs. This study showed that low(8%) or high(32%) contents of protein had less desirable effects either on protein metabolism or on organ cellular growth in prematurely weaned rats, whereas there were no effects on general growth and bone strength.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2005

Blood pulsation has been reported to have an advantageous effect on extracorporeal blood circulation. However, the study of pulsatile blood flow in renal replacement therapy is very limited. The in-vitro experimental results of pulsatile blood flow on ultrafiltration, when compared with the conventional roller pump, are described in this paper. Methods: Blood flow rate (QB) and transmembrane pressure (TMP) were considered as regulating factors that have an influence on ultrafiltration. Experiments were performed under the condition of equal TMP and OB in both pulsatile and roller pump groups, Several kinds of hollow fiber dialyzers were tested using distilled water containing chemicals as a blood substitute. Mean TMP (mTMP) varied from 10 to 90mmHg while the QB was 200ml/min. Results: Ultrafiltration rate (QUF) was found to be linearly proportional to TMP, whereas QB had little influence on QUF. In addition, QUF was higher in the pulsatile group than the roller pump group at the identical TMP. Conclusion: In the controlled test, QUF increased solely as a consequence of blood pulsation, which implies that the pulse frequency represents an additional and important clinical variable during renal replacement therapy.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

Bisphenol A is used in the manufacture of epoxy, polycarbonate, and corrosion-resistant unsaturated polyester-styrene resins required for food packaging materials in industrial processing. Some reports indicated the possibility of harmful effects on rats. In this study was used a method for the determination of bisphenol A in blood according to the OSHA High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) guideline. The method involved blood extraction using methylene chloride. And it was evaluated developmental and teratogenic effects in pregnant rats and second generation. The results obtained were as follows. There was a significant increase in the body weights and treated groups F1 female in liver, spleen, kidney, but according to dose-response. F1 female rat's relative body weight and absolute body weight are not different. There was a significant increase liver, spleen, kidney organ weight and reproductive organ weight epididymis, prostate gland in F1 male rats. There was a proestrous in pregnant rat, group 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 2000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 20,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. The effect on rat treated with bisphenol A decrease organ weight and reproductive organ weight. Identification and quantitation were performed with using HPLC C18 column and using at retention time 5.5 min. The results of the detection of bisphenol A were at 20,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in average 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg average in 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml blood samples. From those results, it could be concluded that the effects of pregnant rat and second generation(F1) by bisphenol A treatment during lactational period were estrogenic and bisphenol A was remained in serum at low level.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2017

본 연구는 간호대학생의 죽음에 대한 태도, 영적건강 및 장기기증에 대한 인식 간의 관련성을 파악하기 위한 융합연구이다. 대상은 일 대학 간호학과 학생 214명이었다. 자료는 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 수집하였고, PASW 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 장기기증에 대한 인식은 죽음 태도와 부적 상관관계가 있었고, 영적건강과는 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 장기기증 인식에 영향을 미치는 예측요인은 죽음태도(${\beta}=-.159$)와 영적건강(${\beta}=.132$), 뇌사자의 조직기증에 대한 생각(${\beta}=.314$), 전공만족도(${\beta}=.134$)로 나타났으며, 모형 설명력은 20.5%이었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 장기기증에 대한 긍정적 인식 함양을 통한 장기 이식률 향상을 위해 간호대학생의 죽음에 대한 태도와 영적건강 상태를 향상시킬 수 있는 교육 프로그램과 간호사 대상의 후속연구가 필요함을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 1991

육지산 뱀인 무자치 (Elaphe rufodersata)의 장내에서 Proalarioides kobaynshii((Trematoga)를 채집하여 표피 미세구조를 관찰하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 충체 전반부는 컵 모양으로 위흡반, 구홉반, tribocytic organ 등을 갖고 있었으며, 후반부는 손가락 모양으로 별 구조물이 없이 밋밋하였다. 전반부 표피에서는 가시가 관찰되었는데 컵의 중앙부로 갈수록 끝이 3∼4분지로 갈라진 가시들이 관찰되었고 그 사이 사이에는 openingpapillae와 type II papillae및 dome-shape papillae가 관찰되었다. Tribocytic organ의 중앙 4/5는 섬유성 구조를 하고 있었고 외연쪽으로는 가시들이 둘러싸고 있었으며 가시들도 밖으로 갈수록 끝이 2∼3분지로 갈라져 존재하였다 구흡반은 전반부 앞쪽 중앙에 위치하고 양측에 위흡반을 갖고 있었으며 구흡반 주위에 type II papillae가 관찰되었다. 컵 모양의 외연쪽에서는 type III papillae가 관찰되었다. 이상과 같이 P. kobayashil치 표피 미세구조를 관찰한 바 다른 strigeoid 흡충류와 다른 몇가지 특징을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.40-64
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• 1989

For the study of the effect of dietary phospholipid (PL) on the lipid components of serum and organ tissues in Sprague-Dawley rats, 56 Male-rats were divided into 8 groups, which was composed of 7. One group was fed with basal diet (normal group). And other experimental groups were fed ad libitum with the mixture of carbohydrate. casein salt mixture : vitamin mixture(60:18:4:1) and at the same time fed administratively with 1 gram of phospholipid-free soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil, and phospholipid-containing soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil respectively After 60 days the rats were fasted for 12 hours and then decapitated to collect blood and separate organ tissues . The lipid and protein components of serum and organ tissues were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows The supplementation of dietary phospholipid decreases the food efficiency ratio and the growth rate of experimental rats, it increases the level of serum phospholipid and cholesterol ester, but decreases the value of total-cholesterol (T-chol.)/PL ; it decreases the value of albumin/globulin (hyG ratio) of serum protein and it increases the level of phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) in serum and organ tissues. And the correlation coefficients among the contents of T-chol., of HDL-chol. and of phospholipid in serum and liver are negative in general. Therefore 1 think that we must eat dietary phospholipid unpurified from vegetable oil to prevent development of atherosclerosis and fat liver.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.483-491
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• 2009

In vitro produced porcine embryos have potential application in reproductive biotechnology. However, their development potential has been very low. This study evaluated the in vitro developmental ability and quality of cloned and parthenogenetic porcine embryos having 2-4 cells or 5-8 cells on Day 2 of in vitro culture. Analysis of results showed that 2 to 4 cell embryos had higher ability to form blastocysts than 5 to 8 cell embryos (p<0.05). Blastocysts produced from culture of 2 to 4 cell embryos also contained higher cell numbers and had lower BAX:BCLxL transcript ratio than those produced from 5 to 8 cell embryos (p<0.05), thereby suggesting 2 to 4 cell embryos have higher development potential. Further investigation revealed that 5 to 8 cell embryos had higher incidence (100${\pm}$0.0%) of blastomeric fragmentation than 2 to 4 cell embryos (15.2${\pm}$5.5% for parthenogenetic and 27.7${\pm}$7.1% for cloned embryos). This suggests that low development potential of 5 to 8 cell embryos was associated with blastomeric fragmentation. In conclusion, we have shown that morphological selection of embryos based on cell number on Day 2 of in vitro culture could offer a practical and valuable non-invasive means to select good quality porcine embryos.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3419-3423
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• 2015

Background: Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. The standard therapeutic approach has been radical inguinal orchiectomy with wide local resection of surrounding soft tissues. The current trend of organ preservation in the treatment of several cancers has started to evolve. Herein we present our testis-sparing surgery experience in the treatment of spermatic cord liposarcoma and a pooled analysis on this topic. Materials and Methods: Clinical information from patient receiving organ-sparing surgery was described. Clinical studies evaluating this issue were identified by using a predefined search strategy, e.g., Pubmed database with no restriction on date of published papers. The literature search used the following terms: epidemiology, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, testis sparing surgery, spermatic cord sarcomas/liposarcomas. Results: Patient received a complete excision of the lesion, preserving the spermatic cord and the testis. The final pathological report showed a well differentiated liposarcoma with negative surgical margins and no signs of local invasion. After 2-year of follow-up, there was no evidence of local recurrence. Since the first case reported in 1952, a total of about 200 well-documented spermatic cord liposarcoma cases have been published in English literature. Among these patients, only three instances were reported to have received an organ-sparing surgery in the treatment of spermatic cord liposarcoma. Conclusions: Radical inguinal orchiectomy and resection of the tumor with a negative microscopic margin is the recommended treatment for liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. But for small, especially well-differentiated, lesions, testis-sparing surgery might be a good option if an adequate negative surgical margin is assured.