• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.269-272
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• 2004

Different methods of cold storing of bivoltine eggs are in practice to postpone hatching. Bivoltine eggs undergo hibernation if they are not acid treated within 20 - 24 hrs of oviposition, which depends on race, ambient temperature and humidity. The schedules adopted for cold storing include hibernation schedule (Hib), ordinary chilling (OC), short term chilling (STC) and acid treated layings (AT). Peanut cocooning race ${NB_4}{D_2}$ has been subjected for the present assessment. Cocoons harvested from the crop pertaining to all the four methods of cold storing have been used for producing different combinations and acid treated followed by rearing. The performance in respect of chawki loss, maximum larval weight 4({5^th} age)$, yield/ 10,000 larvae (no), cocoon and shell weight showed maximum values for hibernation ${\times}$ hibernation combination followed hibernation with OC and hibernation with AT. Lowest performance was recorded when STC batch source females were used.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.55
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• pp.5-32
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• 2011

This paper is a comparative analysis of constitutional decisions in which the Korea Consitutional Court and the United States Supreme Court applied the void for vagueness doctrine into free expression issues. Common aspects are: both courts applied the void for vagueness doctrine on the grounds that vague laws bring chilling effect on freedom of expression. Acknowledging inevitable uncertainties in lawmaking and legal jargons, however, both courts required minimum standards in the void for vagueness doctrine. In the cases where unclear legal meanings resulted in constitutional challenges, both courts adopted the "narrowing construction" by the courts or judges based on average/ordinary person's understanding. The biggest differences between the two constitutional courts are their approach to the degrees of vagueness allowed in free expression cases. The U.S. Supreme Court underscored the necessity of narrowly drawn, reasonable and definite standards. Meanwhile, the Korea Constitutional Court relaxed its standards in some cases such as the National Security Law cases, even though it admitted the possibility of curtailing the right to free expression. The Court reasoned that those laws, though vague, brought with bigger social interests and are necessary tools in dealing with changing world.