• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2002

복합 페로브스카이트$(Li_{1/2}Pr_{1/2})TiO_3$ (LPT)의 미세구조를 X-ray diffractometry와 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. LPT는 A-site 양이온 결핍에 의한 vacancy ordering을 갖고 있으며 산소 팔면체의 antiphase tilting과 inphase tilting 그리고 A-site 양이온의 anti-parallel shift 가 관찰되었다. 스피노달 분해에 의한 상변태도 관찰되었다. 측정된 NPT 재료의 유전체 특성은 ${\varepsilon}_r=84.6,\;Q\;{\Large f}_o=776\;GHz,\;{\tau}_{f}=-233.66ppm/^{\circ}C$이었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

복합페로브스카이트 (1-x) $(Li_{1/2}Sm_{1/2})TiO_3-x (Na_{1/2}Sm_{1/2})TiO_3$ (LNST)의 미세구조를 TEM으로 관찰하였다. $0.0{\leq}x{\leq}0.6$ LNST에서는 A-site 양이온의 결핍에 의한 1/2 (001) 초격자 회절점을 형성하는 vacancy ordering을 갖고 있으며 이는 APB로 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 x가 증가함에 따라 Li 이온의 양이 적어져서 vacancy ordering 을 만들기 어렵게 된다. $0.8{\leq}x{\leq}1.0$ 조성의 LNST의 미세구조에서도 APB가 관찰되었는데 이는 A-site에서 Na와 Sm 이온간의 1:1 chemical ordering에 의한 것으로 사료된다. LNST 전 조성에서 산소팔면체의 anti-phase tilting과 in-phase tilting 그리고 A-site 양이온의 antiparallel shift가 관찰되었는데, 이들은 ferroelastic domain으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2001

The structure of current guides is largely illogical and without any rational use of color ordering. The shade guides are generally made of plastic (rather than the actual composite material) and do not accurately depict the true shade. translucency. or opacity of the composite resin after polymerization. To solve this problem, information based on evaluations of natural teeth and material that use the same method and experimental conditions is necessary. The present investigation measured the color of natural maxillary anterior teeth in vivo and compared the results with those of composite resins. 269 Korean subjects were selected for this study. Intact central incisor. lateral incisor. and canine were selected. The clinical crowns were free of caries or restorations. The middle site of the coronal portion on the labial surface of the tooth was measured by Chroma Meter. The five light activated. resin-based materials (Amelogen, Denfil, Elitefil, Spectrum, Z100) were used in this study. Resin composite was condensed into plastic mold with a diameter of 8mm and a thickness of 4mm. pressed between glass plates to flatten the surfaces. and polymerized using a Visilux II visible light activation unit. The surfaces were polished sequentially on wet sandpaper. Color measurements of each specimen were accomplished by Chroma Meter. A computer program that compares each tooth color with each composite resin color was written and the minimum CIELAB color difference ($\Delta$E$^*$) between tooth and each material was calculated. Under the conditions of this study: 1. Teeth tend to become darker with advancing age. 2. Canines were darker. more yellow. and less green than incisors. 3. The teeth from the women were lighter. more green. and less yellow than the male teeth. 4. In general. composite resins were lighter. more green. and less yellow than teeth. Deficiencies were noted in Hues in YR range. 5. Mean color differences between the five composite resin products and teeth were detectable to the naked eye($\Delta$E$^*$>1.0). 6. In comparing the mean $\Delta$E$^*$ values of materials. Spectrum showed the least followed by Z100, Elitefil, Amelogen, Denfil in increasing order.