• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to compare the microtensile bond strength of resin coated surface and resin inlay according temporary filling materials prior to applying self-adhesive resin cement. Caviton(GC, Japan), Provifil(Promedica, Neumunster, Germany), Provifil(Promedica, Neumunster, Germany) & petrolatum, and Eugenol-based cement, Tembond(Kerr, Orange CA, USA) were used as temporary filling materials. After fabrication of Tescera(Bisco, Schamburg IL, USA), it was bonded with a self-adhesive resin cement, Rely X unicem(3M, St. Paul. Minn, USA). After this procedure, the microtensile bond strength was measured and it was analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Duncan test(p<0.05). Caviton(GC, Tokyo, Japan) showed statistical difference except for the control(group I) and the saliva(group II)(p<0.05). Provifil(group IV), Provifil & petroneum(group V), Tembond(group VI) had lower microtensile bond strength.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.253-256
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• 2003

Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis .pv. Citri. Shiranuhi cultivar, a hybrid of Kiyomi tangor and Nakano No.3 ponkan was evaluated for resistance to citrus canker based on initiation of disease, percent area of lesion infected and growth rate of bacteria in the leaf under growth chamber condition. Significant differences between susceptible plant and resistant plants were observed in these assays. Resistant plants showed delayed disease symptoms compared to the susceptible plants after spray inoculation of the pathogen. The resistant verities, satsuma, yuzu, and Shiranuhi showed symptoms after six days where as susceptible, mexican lime showed the symptoms just after three days of inoculation. 18 days after inoculation, percent area of lesions developed on leaf and disease severity differed significantly in susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: mexican lime > early satsuma =Shiranuhi =yuzu (P <, 0.01). However, 30 days after inoculation, percent area of lesion was further differentiated into resistant and highly resistant plants. That was ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi > yuzu (P < 0.01). These results indicate that host reaction to the bacterial was more distinct when the disease developed for a longer period. Growth rates of a citrus canker bacterium during 16 40 h also were distinct after infiltration into leaves of susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi =yuzu (P < 0.01). Based on these results, we concluded that Shiranuhi is resistant to citrus canker as compared to Kiyomi, early satsuma, and yuzu.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2002

Five citrus juices were separated into a ascorbate and phenolic portion using rep-pak C$\_$18/ cartridge, respectively, in order to elucidate the nitrite scavenging effect and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) formation in model system. The nitrite scavenging effect of ascorbate portion from citrus juices, in the different pH, when added with 5ml were 79.9 ∼98.6% under the condition of pH 2.5. 48.5∼86.3% at pH 4.2 and lower than 35.2% at pH 6.0. The nitrite scavenging effect was excellent phenolic portion rather than ascorbate portion. Particularly, the effect was more 2 times than ascorbate portion under the reaction condition of pH 6.0. When added the phenolic portion in the reaction mixture, NDMA formation was inhibited 92.8% or more in kum quat, mandarin orange and sweet orange juices. But the ascorbate portion was a negative response of the inhibition of NDMA formation. The inhibition on NDMA formation in citrus juice may be due to phenolic compounds were reacted.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to assess visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIE) tagging in greenling Hexagrammos otakii. The experiental fish were anesthetized individually and marked with orange, yellow, red, and green elastomer at the following five body locations, respectively: the adipose eyelid, the surface of the dorsal fin base, the inside surface of the pectoral fin base, the inside surface of the pelvic fin base, and the surface of the anal fin base. Control fish were anesthetized but not marked. During the 20-month trial, fish growth and retention, underwater visibility, and readability of the tags were determined. After 20 months, body length of marked greenling ($43.2{\pm}3.5cm$, mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation [SD]) did not differ from that of the control ($41.4{\pm}3.7cm$). Additionally, the body weight of marked greenling ($527.4{\pm}39.8g$, mean ${\pm}$ SD) did not differ from that of the controls ($505.9{\pm}31.7g$). Greenling retained >90% of the tags at the surface of the dorsal fin base. The anal fin base showed a higher tag retention rate than the inside surfaces of the pectoral fin and the pelvic fin bases (P < 0.05). Red and orange tags were identified more easily underwater than green and yellow tags. Green and yellow tags emitted fluorescence in response to a narrower range of light wavelengths. Thus, the VIE mark was easy to apply to greenling (< 1 min per fish) and was readily visible when viewed under an ultraviolet lamp.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.398-403
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• 2003

Due to the low biodegradability of dyes, conventional biological wastewater treatment systems are inefficient in treating dye wastewater. Various white-rot fungi were investigated for the decolorization of six industrial dyes (reactive blue 5, reactive blue 16, reactive black 5, acid black 52, reactive orange 16, and acid violet 43). Among ten fungi, T. versicolor KCTC 16781 was selected as a testing strain because this had the best performance of decolorization for six dyes from the results of the solid culture experiments. In liquid culture medium, T. versicolor KCTC 16781 decolorized over 96% of six dyes for 48 hrs. Laccase started to produce in the early stage of the culture, and showed the highest peak value of 2.3 U/mL in 24 hrs. Enzyme activity remained constant until the end of culture. Fungal decolorization is a promising alternative to replace or supplement present treatment process.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.673-679
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• 1995

Pectinesterase(PE) has been definitively established as the causative agent for clarification of citrus juice and gelation of frozen concentrates. This enzyme is present in multiple forms in citrus fruit. Although representing a minor fraction of the total PE activity, thermostable pectinesterase(TSPE) accounts for the severe time/temperature processing treatment required to inactivate PE. This study was undertaken to separate and purify thermolabile pectinesterase(TLPE) and TSPE from the crude PE extracts of Valencia orange rag-pulp powder. The approach taken was to carry out the three kind of chromatographies of CM-Sephadex C-50, Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B and CM-Biogel A to the unheated crude PE or the heated crude PE. All of them used could increase the purity of PEs and, specially, Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chromatography could separate crude PE as the mixture of PEs into two forms of TLPE and TSPE. The purified TLPE had specific activity of 1,005 units/mg, yield of 13.6% and purification of 35 fold, while the TSPE separated from the unheated crude PE showed specific activity of 3,115 units/mg, yield of 1.5% and purification of 100.5 fold, and another TSPE from the heated crude PE was found to be specific activity of 1,803 units/mg, yield of 15.4% and purification of 140 fold.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.208-220
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of juice powders from sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], unshiu mikan (Citrus unshiu Marcow), and mini tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and their major flavonoids, hesperidin, narirutin, and rutin in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The increased reactive oxygen species and decreased glutathione levels observed in t-BHP-treated HepG2 cells were ameliorated by pretreatment with juice powders, indicating that the hepatoprotective effects of juice powders and their major flavonoids are mediated by induction of cellular defense against oxidative stress. Moreover, pretreatment with juice powders up-regulated phase-II genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby preventing cellular damage and the resultant increase in HO-1 expression. The high-performance liquid chromatography profiles of the juice powders confirmed that hesperidin, narirutin, and rutin were the key flavonoids present. Our results suggest that these fruit juice powders and their major flavonoids provide a significant cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress, which is most likely due to the flavonoid-related bioactive compounds present, leading to the normal redox status of cells. Therefore, these fruit juice powders could be advantageous as bioactive sources for the prevention of oxidative injury in hepatoma cells.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.346-352
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• 2011

The purpose of this study were to see what is the color preference for college students and the meaning of color, based on color psychology. The subjects are the male and female university students in Busan and the survey is conducted in March 2009, September 2009. Analysis is based on eight kinds of colors such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple which are used in the psychological analysis of Howard & Dorothy Sun Corporate CRR (Colour reflection reading), and words representing the meaning of colors. A total of 259 questionnaires were used to analyze data and analysis was conducted by using SPSS 14.0 statistical package. First, by examining the best three colors among eight colors, the red which represents sociable and passionate leadership and a lot of energy was the first. Second, in terms of positive and negative sense, the green is stable, protected, red is passionate, strong', yellow is bright, happy and green is' clean, young. The Blues has peaceful, tranquil image', the orange is lively animation, cheerful, and the purple shows a positive meaning of beautiful, precious, often mature, loving. Third, the preferences of boys and girls to compare colors in the first preferred color, there were significant differences between boys and girls. Most boys prefer blue, while the girls like red the most. Both boys and girls look at the meaning of green color with the most positive sense and especially male students have the negative connotation about the green color than female students.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

Perilla rust is a damaging disease in perilla cultivation in Korea. Its causal agent was identified as Coleosporium plectranthi based on descriptions of morphological characteristics of spores and spore-producing fruiting structures(in uredinial and telial stages from perilla and in aecial stage from the alternate host pine) collected in 15 locations in Korea during the disease survey from 2004 to 2006. These characteristics were yellow or orange uredinium; globose or ellipsoid urediniospore of $20.8{\mu}m{\times}18{\mu}m$ in size; verruca of $0.3mm{\times}1.2mm$; orange telium; one-celled, oblong ellipsoid teliospore of $63.1{\mu}m{\times}19.7{\mu}m$ with one-layered crusts or four-celled(when mature), internal basidium of $64.2{\mu}m{\times}19.7{\mu}m$; ellipsoid to globoid basidiospore of $20.3{\mu}m{\times}12{\mu}m$; type 2 spermogonium; yellow, broadly ellipsoid peridial cell of $35.6{\mu}m{\times}23.1{\mu}m$; and broadly ellipsoidal or subglobose aeciospore of $25.9{\mu}m{\times}18.8{\mu}m$. Phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA sequences revealed the closest relatedness to those of the genus Coleosporium, a monophyletic group distinguished from other rust fungi and divided into two main lineages, one of which was C. plectranthi grouped with high bootstrap value(96%). In pathogenicity test, both aeciospores and urediniospores caused rust development on perilla leaves. This is the first description of C. plectranthi causing perilla rust with the first findings of its telial stage on perilla and the first rust disease on the aecial host in Pinus densiflora. These aspects would provide basic information for the development of control measures of the disease.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2018

To determine the depth of preservative penetration in ACQ treated wood, the degree of penetration of Cu was measured. In this study, we developed a DDAC coloring method to investigate the penetration depth of DDAC, which is one of the active ingredient of ACQ, into wood. The following conclusions were obtained. The DDAC component reacts with a 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein indicator and results in a deep orange color. This orange coloring reaction appears not only in DDAC solutions but also in ACQ treated wood tissues in which DDAC is present. It is possible to visually verify that DDAC has better wood penetration than Cu in the spruce, which is an refractory wood species, by the DDAC coloring method developed this study. In addition to the results, it is necessary to investigate the difference in penetration of Cu and DDAC for other wood species with poor preservative penetration.