• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2018

The tongue, especially its lateral part, is the most common site of oral tumors. Patients who undergo glossectomy for the treatment of tongue cancer may experience difficulty in proper functioning for pronunciation, chewing, swallowing, and oral hygiene maintenance; therefore, a palatal augmentation prosthesis can be used to restore function of the tongue. In this case, an implant overdenture was used in a patient who had residual ridge resorption and obliteration of alveololingual sulcus after undergoing glossectomy for tongue cancer treatment. In addition, a palatal augmentation prosthesis with a metal framework, support, and retention part was fabricated. The palatal vault was reduced, so that even with limited tongue movement, adequate tongue-palate contact could be achieved. After placement of the definitive prostheses, the patient showed improvement in the functions of chewing, swallowing, and pronunciation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

Purpose: In oral tongue cancer, the degree of tumor invasion has a significant effect on the prognosis. We hypothesized that the destruction of extracelluar matrix and neovascularization are related to tumor infiltration mechanism. By studying the the tissues of early stage oral tongue cancer patients, we are intend to clarify the invasion related factors in oral tongue cancer. Material and Methods: To demonstrate the invasion process in early T-stage oral tongue cancer, the expressions of extracellular matrix destruction related molecules(MMP2, MMP9) and neovascularization related molecule(VEGF) were observed by immunohistochemical study. Also, immunohistochemical staining of CD31 was done for quantification of neovascularization. With the experiment showed above, we analyzed relationship between expression of each substances and tumor invasion depth, tumor free survival rates and cervical lymph node metastasis rate in early T-stage oral tongue cancer. Results: The expression rates of MMP2, MMP9, VEGF in 38 early oral cancer patients were 52.6%, 78.9% 52.6%, respectively. Significant correlation was found between the VEGF expression and microvessel density showed by CD31 immunohistochemical staining(p<0.001). VEGF expressions were significantly related with tumor invasion depth(p=0.002). The tumor free survival rate of those patients with VEGF-positive tumors was significantly poorer than in those with VEGF-negative tumors(p=0.019). Conclusion: This results indicate that VEGF is a useful marker for predicting the tumor invasion in patients with early tongue cancer and could be used as a beneficial factors in defining operative field and prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.192-200
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes and to evaluate the clinicopathological prognostic factors of oral tongue cancer. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed treatment results and prognostic factors in 205 patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to the National Cancer Center, South Korea, between January 2001 and December 2020. The patients were treated with surgery and postoperative, definitive radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Results: Eighteen patients (8.8%) were treated with curative RT or CRT, while the rest (91.2%) were treated with surgery with or without postoperative RT or CRT. The median follow-up period was 30 months (range, 0-234 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) were 72% and 63%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that a positive neck nodal status (N1, N2-3) was significantly associated with poorer 5-year OS and DFS, while perineural invasion was associated with poorer 5-year DFS. Conclusion: Cervical metastasis and perineural invasion are significant prognostic predictors, and combination treatments are necessary for improving OS and DFS in patients with these factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4713-4718
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of tobacco smoking on the dorsum of the tongue and buccal epithelium. Methodology: This case control cross-sectional study was conducted with 174 smoking and non-smoking volunteers living in the city of Hail, Northern KSA. Cytological Materials were obtained from buccal mucosa and dorsum of the tongue, and assessed using cytopathological methods. Results: In buccal smears, cytological atypia was observed in 17 out of 101 (16.8%) smoker cases but only 3/73(4.1%) of the controls. For cytological atypia in buccal and tongue smears, the adjusted odd ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were found to be 4.7 (1.3-16.8), P < 0.016)) and 4.3 (0.93- 20.2), P <0.06)), respectively, in the two sites. Conclusion: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for occurrence of cytological atypia, which might subsequently develop into oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. Oral exfoliative cytology is an easy and cheap non-invasive procedure which appears highly suitable for screening populations at risk of developing oral cancer.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.17.1-17.8
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• 2017

Background: Schwannomas (or neurilemmomas) of the tongue are benign, usually solitary, encapsulated masses derived from Schwann cells. Clinical evidence indicates that schwannoma is painless and slow growing. In general, schwannoma is treated by surgical excision. Here, we describe a case of schwannoma of the tongue, include a review of the literature from 1955 to 2016, and provide data on age, gender, location, presenting symptoms, size, and treatment methods. Case presentation: A 71-year-old female patient presented with a swelling at the base of the tongue of unknown duration. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed a large well-circumscribed solid mass and no significant lymph node enlargement. The mass was excised without removing overlying mucosa. Conclusions: The authors report a case of lingual schwannoma that was completely removed intraorally without preoperative biopsy. No sign or symptoms of recurrence were observed at 12 months postoperatively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 1990

It is known that radiation therapy is a kind of treatment choices of the maxillofacial tumors. This study is designed to investigate the effects of irradiation on rat's tongue tissues as functional tissues which relate to taste, mastication, and pronunciation. 88 rats (Sprague Dawley branch, male) were divided into control group of 4 and experimental group of 84. Experimental group was singly exposed to Co-60 irradiation with 8, 13, 18 Gy in the head and neck region. Animals were sacrificed on 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 1day, 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days after the irradiation. The specimens were observed by histopathological examination employing H-E stain and Van-Gieson stain. The results were follows; 1. The tongue tissue were severely swollen on the 1 hour after irradiation, but gradually decreased in course of time. 2. The basal cells of epithelium of tongue proliferated at initial stage of irradiation, but gradually decreased. The Keratin layer were gradually increased. 3. The muscles within the tongue were severely degenerated at initial stage of irradiation, but gradually recovered almost normally. 4. The tissue changes after irradiation were gradually increased by the degree of irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.605-610
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• 2018

Background and Objectives The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of a posterior-based buccinator myomucosal flap (the Bozola flap) for the reconstruction of oral cavity defects after tongue cancer resection. Subjects and Method Fifteen patients who underwent from 2014 to 2016 reconstruction of the oral cavity with a Bozola flap after surgical management of tongue cancer were enrolled in the study. Patient characteristics, surgical outcomes, and complications associated with the Bozola flap were evaluated. Results The flap was successfully harvested and transferred in all patients. The mean flap harvesting time was 25.3 min. The donor site was closed primarily in 14 patients, and a buccal fat pad flap was used in one patient. Although partial necrosis of the flap occurred in two patients, no other major complications were noted. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that the Bozola flap is a good option for reconstruction of moderate sized oral cavity defects in tongue cancer patients.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2019

Background: Increasing age and loss of teeth weaken oral muscle strength. This study aimed to investigate the positive effects of orofacial myofunctional training on elderly people. Methods: Thirty six elderly individuals in a welfare center and a senior citizen center were included in this study. A survey regarding lip and tongue strength suvsequent to orofacial myofunctional training and oral health-related quality of life was conducted from April to June, 2019. Data were analyzed using PASW statistics ver. 18.0. Results: The experimental group, showed an increase in lip strength (from 9.79 to 10.31) and tongue strength (from 41.26 to 43.97) after orofacial myofunctional training. The perception of oral health-relatedquality of life was enhanced (from 2.26 to 2.07). In particular, the frequency of dry cough for food removal while swallowing decresed due to an incresed in the secretion of saliva (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the number of functional teeth was positively related to oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Orofacial myofunctional training for improving lip and tongue strength is effective in the elderly. In older societies, oral strength should be maintained to improve oral health-related quality of life. It also suggests the interest of oral health workers and applying orofacial myofunctional training programs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.470-476
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• 2006

Low-dose rate brachytherapy(LDR) has been effective modality for treatment of oral cancer. But the disadvantage of LDR is radioexposure of medical staff. To overcome this problem, high dose rate(HDR) brachytherapy has been developed. Our study evaluates the outcomes of patients with tongue cancer as treated by HDR brachytherapy. Between 2002 and 2005, eight patients with carcinoma of the tongue were treated with HDR brachytherapy. Five patients had AJCC stage I or II disease and the remaining three patients had AJCC stage III or IV. The male-to-female ratio was 2:6 and the mean age was 60.1 years (range: 21-80 years).The median follow-up time was 23.8 months (range: 7-55 months). There was no local failure until now. Three patients showed some complications. Two patients showed soft tissue necrosis. There was no bone sequela in all cases. Our experience in treating tongue cancer with HDR brachytherapy is encouraging, because it gave a satisfactory local control. Prospective studies are necessary to delineate the optimum indication for this treatment modality and long-term outcome.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.298-302
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• 2014

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a thin and pliable tissue with many advantages for tongue reconstruction. However, tongues reconstructed with RFFF occasionally need revision surgery because inadequate defect measurement at primary surgery can lead to bulkiness and limited movement of reconstructed tongue. In this case, the patient underwent partial glossectomy and RFFF reconstruction for treatment of tongue cancer five years prior. We could not make a lower denture for the patient, because the alveolo-lingual sulcus of tongue was almost lost. So we performed vestibuloplasty with a modified Kazanjian method on the lingual vestibule of the mandibular right posterior area, and defatting surgery to debulk the flap. After surgery, we observed that the color and texture of the revised tongue changed to become similar with adjacent tissue. The patient obtained a more functional and esthetic outcome. Accordingly, we present a case report with a review of relevant literature.