• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2007

다운증후군 환자의 치아우식증과 구강내 여러 요인들과의 연관성을 평가하고자 9-18세의 다운증후군 환자 25명과 정상인 63명을 대상으로 치아우식경험지수, 치태지수를 조사하고 효소면역분석법을 이용하여 타액의 면역항체 IgA와 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균-특이 IgA농도를 측정하고, Dentocult 키트를 이용하여 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균과 유산간균의 수, 타액의 완충능을 측정하여 두 군의 각 값들을 독립 t-test와 카이제곱 검정을 시행하였다. 다운증후군 환자에서 유치우식경험은 정상인에 비해 유의하게 낮았으나(p<0.001), 영구치우식경험은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 치태지수와 타액의 IgA의 농도는 두 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 특이-IgA 농도와 타액 완충능은 다운증후군환자에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 수와 유산간균 수는 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 9-11세 군에서 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균의 수는 다운증후군 환자에서 정상인보다 낮았으며(p<0.001), 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 특이-IgA는 다운증후군 환자에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 유치의 치아우식경험치면지수는 완충능, 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균의 수와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine if a relationship exists among osteoporosis, alveolar bone density and periodontal disease in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and postmenopausal healthy women. Twenty-two women were evaluated for this study. They were attending the postmenopausal clinic, Seoul National University Hospital and generally healthy except osteoporosis. They had experienced menopause not less than one year when we began to examine them. Bone densities of lumbar area(L2-L4) was determined by DEXA(LUNAR-expert Co,. U.S.A). We diagnosed osteoporosis when T-score was below -2.5 and healthy state when T-score was over -1. Osteoporotic(10 female), not hormone-treated group and healthy control group(12 female) were asked for their age, menopausal age, menopausal period and the number of remaining teeth and examined clinically for plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI), clinical attachment loss(CAL) on their 6 Ramfjord index teeth. Intraoral radiographs were taken in maxillary anterior zone. All films were equally exposed and developed. Each films was digitized and analysed using image processing software, Scion image. Alveolar bone regions of interest were selected and Intensity of each pixel was quantized in the array ranging from 0(white) to 255(black). The two groups were comparable with respect age, menopausal age, menopausal period and number of remaining teeth. The osteoporotic women had significantly lower alveolar bone density than controls in maxilla. But no significant difference was found with respect clinical attachment loss, plaque index and gingival index. Supported by the Ministry of Public Health and Welfare, Korea (HMP-00-CH-10-0009).

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.831-842
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to reveal the biological basis of dental plaque and preschool children's dental health status through repetitive and continuous toothbrushing instruction to preschool children, using quantitative criteria, and to emphasize the importance of the role of an oral health manager for the prevention of dental caries. Methods: After IRB approval, toothbrushing instruction and oral microbial specimen collection were conducted with children of preschool age at the Daycare Center attached to D. University, Busan. Specimens from 27 children were characterized by analysis with real-time multi-chain enzymatic polymerization reaction technique at an agency specializing in genetic analysis. Results: In a survey of the children's dental health behaviors, 48.1% responded that the toothbrushing time is 91 to 150 seconds; 66.7% responded that the frequency of toothbrushing is more than three times per day; 81.5% stated that they performed tongue brushing; and 81.5% brushed their teeth. Regarding levels of dental cariogenic bacteria, after children received continuous toothbrushing instruction, there were reductions in both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Regarding toothbrushing time, the time increased in relation to the presence of instruction. Regarding Quigley Hein Index, the index decreased in the early and middle periods upon addition of instruction, then increased in the middle and later periods. Conclusions: Through persistent and repetitive toothbrushing instruction, healthy behavior can be positively established in children of preschool age; it is necessary to prepare institutional measures so opportunities for dental health education can be consistently provided and maintained. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct a follow-up study to verify the factors affecting toothbrushing time and volume of oral pathogens.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

본 연구는 치주질환을 조기에 발견하고 예방하기 위해 20대의 구강보건지식과 구강위생관리능력이 치주건강상태평가에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석함으로써 국민의 구강보건관심도를 높일 뿐 아니라 치주건강증진활동에 지식과 정보를 제공하여 건강하고 효율적인 구강관리를 하는 데 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 조사되었다. 포괄 치위생 관리 및 처치를 위하여 치위생과 실습실을 방문한 20대의 성인 130명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 치주건강상태를 평가하였다. 일반적 특성, 구강보건지식, 구강위생관리능력과 치주건강상태평가의 연관성을 조사 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 성별에 따른 잇솔질(p=0.030)과 구강위생용품(p=0.047)에 대한 구강보건지식은 통계적으로 유의하였고, 여성이 구강보건에 대한 지식이 높게 나타났다. 2. 성별에 따른 잇솔질(p=0.030)과 구강위생용품(p=0.047)에 대한 구강보건지식은 통계적으로 유의하였고 여성이 구강건강에 대한 지식이 높게 나타났다. 3. 성별에 따른 유두변연부착 치은염지수(p=0.047)와 지역사회치주지수(p=0.028)는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 남자의 유두변연부착 치은염지수, 지역사회치주지수는 여자보다 높았다. 학력에 따른 출혈지수(p=0.042)는 통계적으로 유의하였고, 고졸 이하가 가장 높았다. 4. 잇솔질(p=0.030), 치주질환(p=0.024)에 대한 구강보건지식이 치면세균막지수에 미치는 영향이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 잇솔질에 대한 구강보건지식($\beta$=-0.137)이 증가하면 치면세균막지수가 감소하고, 치주질환에 대한 구강보건지식($\beta$=-0.144)이 증가하면 치면세균막지수가 감소한다. 5. 잇솔질 총 횟수에 따른 유두변연부착 치은염지수는 2회가 가장 높았다. 잇솔질 방법에 따른 치면세균막지수는 묘원법이 가장 높았으며, 횡마법, 회전법 순으로 나타났다. 구강위생용품을 사용하지 않는 경우의 지역사회치주지수와 출혈지수가 구강위생용품을 사용하는 경우보다 높았다. 흡연의 경우 유두변연부착 치은염지수, 지역사회치주지수, 출혈지수가 흡연을 하지 않는 경우보다 높았다. 주 당 음주 횟수에 따른 지역사회치주지수와 출혈지수는 3회 이상이 가장 높았다. 구강보건교육을 경험하지 못한 경우의 유두변연부착 치은염지수가 구강보건교육을 경험한 경우보다 높았다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.485-497
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• 2003

Grapefruit seed extract has been reported to have antimicrobial effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-gingivitis effect of chewing gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol. 40 healthy subjects with gingivitis or early periodontitis were divided into two groups. Subjects in the experimental group chewed gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol while subjects in the control group chewed gum containing only xylitol. All subjects received scaling and tooth brushing instruction. 1 week after scaling was set as baseline. Gingival index and plaque index were scored at baseline, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week. Bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were scored at baseline, 2 week and 4 week. The number of total bacteria and Streptococcus mutans in unstimulated saliva of experimental group were counted at 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week. Gingival indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 0.850${\pm}$0.298, 0.575${\pm}$0.345, 0.533${\pm}$0.332, 0.459${\pm}$0.311, 0.408${\pm}$0.224 and 0.758${\pm}$0.379, 0.592${\pm}$0.276, 0.563${\pm}$0.281, 0.454${\pm}$0.194, 0.413${\pm}$0.199 (mean${\pm}$SD), respectively. Plaque indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 week. 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 0.497${\pm}$0.500, 0.375${\pm}$0.484, 0.332${\pm}$0.471, 0,286${\pm}$0.452, 0.210${\pm}$0.407 and 0.411${\pm}$0.492, 0.375${\pm}$0.484, 0.354${\pm}$0.479, 0.313${\pm}$0.463, 0.193${\pm}$0.395, respectively. Bleeding indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 0.377${\pm}$0.177, 0.298${\pm}$0.152, 0.192${\pm}$0.108 and 0.383${\pm}$0.124, 0.318${\pm}$0.153, 0.225${\pm}$0.126, respectively. Probing pocket depth of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 2.56${\pm}$1.00, 2.40${\pm}$0.65, 2.23${\pm}$0.64 and 2.45${\pm}$0.682.37${\pm}$0.57, 2.19${\pm}$0.57, respectively. Clinical attachment level of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 2.58${\pm}$1.01, 2.43${\pm}$0.67, 2.26${\pm}$0.65 and 2.49${\pm}$0.70, 2.40${\pm}$0.59, 2.22${\pm}$0.62, respectively. The % of reduction of total bacteria in saliva of experimental group at 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 46 ${\pm}$ 53%, 53 ${\pm}$ 5% and 69 ${\pm}$ 33%. The % of reduction of Streptococcus mutans count in saliva of experimental group at 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 52${\pm}$69%, 88${\pm}$30% and 89${\pm}$17%. From these findings, it can be concluded that regular use of grapefruit seed extract /xylitol chewing gum may be effective to control and prevent gingivitis and may have caries-preventive effect.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2024

연구목적 : 본 연구는 노인의 구강건강증진 프로그램 개발 및 적용에 따른 구강건강상태 개선효과를 확인하고, 노인의 구강건강증진 프로그램에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 부산광역시 부산진구 D노인복지시설 이용 노인과 부산, 울산지역을 포함한 경남지역의 노인복지시설 이용 노인 29명을 대상으로 하였으며, 실험군은 8주동안 매주 1회 시설을 방문하여 전문가 구강관리(스펀지 브러쉬, 변형바스법, 와타나베법, 치간칫솔, 잇몸마사지)를 제공하였고, 매일 구강기능향상운동(코끼리 피리 불기와 껌 저작)을 시행하도록 하였다. 연구결과: 구취는시행 전 2.47점에서 시행 후 0.53점으로 감소하였고, 타액분비량은 시행 전 6.33점에서 시행 후 7.27점으로 증가하였으며, 타액완충능은 시행전 5.13점에서 시행 후 8.07점으로 증가하였다. 구륜근력은 시행 전 0.64점에서 시행 후 1.57점으로 구륜근력이 증가하였으며, 치은출혈지수는시행 전 18.11점에서 시행 후 9.94점, 치면세균막지수는 시행 전 27.69점에서 시행 후 12.63점으로 감소하여 노인을 대상으로 실시한 전문가구강관리와 구강기능향상 운동 프로그램이 노인의 구강건강증진과 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론: 고령화시대 건강한 노인의 구강건강 뿐만 아니라 삶의 질 향상을 위해 노인의 건강증진 방안의 일환으로 전문가 구강관리와 구강기능향상 운동 프로그램을 적극 활용할 수 있는 방안이 모색되어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.561-569
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• 1999

In the atherosclerotic subjects, arterial endothelial cell injury and plaque formation are suspected to be strong causable factors in developing acute coronary syndrome, and it was revealed that platelets have a very important role in this case. Women are exposed to atherosclerosis at a different degree after menopause or oral contraception. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogen on the degree of platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma(PRP) in twenty nonsmoking healthy Korean women for 12 weeks. The subjects were assigned to three groups: (1) eight women aged 49 to 60(yr) for the postmenopausel(Pst) group, (2) eight, aged 22 to 30(yr) for the premenopausa(Pre) group, (3) four, aged 23 to 30(yr) for the oral contraceptive (OC) group which used triphasic OC formulation. Fasting blood sample were obtained from the subjects, (1) once per 6 weeks in the Pst group, (2) every phase of the menstrual cycle in the Pre group, (3) each once during and after OC administration in the OC group. ADP, collagen and epinephrine were used as aggregating reagents, and platelet aggregation and time(Δt: time reaching to the maximum point of aggregation) in PRP were measured at the maximum point of aggregation in five minutes. All the data were adjusted for dietary effects, personality type and body mass index(BMI) by using analysis of covariation(ANCOVA). Platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen(MADP and MCOLL) were not significantly different among the three groups, and Δt to ADP and collagen(TADP and TCOLL) were not either. But maximum platelet aggregability and Δt to epinephrine(MEPIN and TEPIN) were significantly different among the three groups, and the OC group showed the lowest value (p<0.01). Maxtimum platelet aggregability and Δt during the menstrual cycle were not significantly different in the Pre group. Any other significant differences in the maximum platelet aggregability and Δt were found between oral contraception phase and washing out phase(menstruation) in the OC group. In results, maximum platelet aggregability and aggregation time to ADP and collagen seemed not to be affected by endogenous and exogenous estrogen, even though MEPIN and TEPIN showed significantly low in the OC group among the three groups.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The aim of the present randomized controlled study was to compare prefabricated all-ceramic, anatomically shaped healing abutments followed by all-ceramic abutments and all-ceramic crowns and prefabricated standard-shaped (round-diameter) titanium healing abutments followed by final titanium abutments restored with porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) implant crowns in the premolar and molar regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty-two patients received single implants restored either by all-ceramic restorations (test group, healing abutment, final abutment, and crown all made of zirconia) or conventional titanium-based restorations. Immediately after prosthetic incorporation and after 12 months of loading, implant survival, technical complications, bone loss, sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR) as well as plaque index (PI) and implant stability (Periotest) were analyzed clinically and radiologically. RESULTS. After 12 months of loading, an implant and prosthetic survival rate of 100% was observed. Minor prosthetic complications such as chipping of ceramic veneering occurred in both groups. No statistical significant differences were observed between both groups with only a minimum of bone loss, SFFR, and PI. CONCLUSION. All-ceramic implant prostheses including a prefabricated anatomically shaped healing abutment achieved comparable results to titanium-based restorations in the posterior region. However, observational results indicate a benefit as shaping the peri-implant soft-tissue with successive provisional devices and subsequent compression of the soft tissue can be avoided.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display on the subjective and objective oral hygiene improvement. Methods: One hundred and fifteen subjects in healthy or mild gingivitis status between the ages of 20 and 90 were recruited and reviewed for study inclusion criteria. At first visit, 115 pre-screened subjects filled in the questionnaire form which consisted of demographic factors, behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol consumption), toothbrushing habits (brushing time and frequency), self-reported oral health status, and self-satisfaction. Baseline clinical indices (Plaque index, Gingival index) were also recorded by a periodontist. Subjects were instructed how to use powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display, and were provided with it. Thirty days after first visit, 90 subjects returned for the second assessment by self-reported questionnaire form and professional clinical checkup. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test for the difference between baseline and second visit data. The relationship among variables was examined with chi-square test and Fisher' s exact test. Results: Significant differences were not found on self-reported satisfaction related with sex, smoking, alcohol consumption (P<0.05). Self-reported tooth brushing habit was improved in the aspect of brushing time and frequency. Significant differences were found on the self-reported oral health status, self-satisfaction, and clinical indices between the baseline and second visit data (P<0.01). Clinical indices were significantly reduced after using powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display (P<0.01). No adverse reactions were reported during the study period. Conclusions: Powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display successfully promoted oral hygiene from the subjective and objective viewpoint after 30 days of home usage.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two types of sandblasted with large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surface implants with different surface roughness. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted based on a clinical record review of 55 patients (mean age, 53.00 years). A total of 80 SLA surface implants was placed. Among the 80 implants, 38 implants placed in 29 subjects had surface roughness (Ra) of 3.09 ㎛ (test group, TG), while the other 42 implants placed in 31 subjects had a surface roughness (Ra) of 2.50 ㎛ (control group, CG). A comparison was made of implant primary/secondary stability; success and survival rates; marginal bone loss; and soft tissue assessment including probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) between the groups at 1 year after implant placement. Results: Among the implants that were initially registered, 1 from the TG and 4 from the CG dropped out, leaving 37 implants in the TG and 38 implants in the CG to be traced and analyzed. Although 1 TG case showed unstable primary stability, all cases showed stable secondary stability. Success and survival rates at 1 year after implant placement were 100% in both groups. Marginal bone loss was 0.07 mm and 0.00 mm for the TG and CG, respectively, but the difference was not significant. Among the several parameters for evaluation of soft tissue, the TG showed lower PI at 1 year after implant placement (TG=0.00, CG=0.29; P=0.0004), while the remaining categories showed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: This study shows that the two types of SLA implants with different surface roughness have no difference in efficacy or safety. Therefore, both of the implants can be used safely and with promising outcomes.