• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare the size of the masseter and lateral pterygoid muscle between the affected and the unaffected side of the patients who have the chief complaints of the mandibular asymmetry. Materials and Methods: Twenty two patients (male: 4, female: 18, average age: 21.3 year-old) were radiographed using posterior-anterior (P-A) cephalography and computed tomography (CT). On P-A cephalography, the degree of deviation was determined by the distance from the mentum to the vertical reference line through the crista galli and the anterior nasal spine. On the scanned tracing papers of the maximum cross-sectional area of the masseter and lateral pterygoid muscle using axial CT images, the pixel number was measured. The ratio of the affected : unaffected sides were obtained. For the masseter and lateral pterygoid muscle, the relationship between the muscular volume and degree of skeletal hypoplasia was studied. Results : The half cases showed no skeletal asymmetry. The lateral pterygoid muscle of the affected side was larger significantly than unaffected side (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between two sides in the cases of skeletal asymmetry. There was only significant difference in the cases without skeletal asymmetry (p<0.05). Conclusions : To some extent, the slight mandibular hypoplasia could affect the growth of some masticatory muscles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze some factors that can cause incidence of the muscle and skeletal system trouble, by which Dental Hygiene Students examine the pain and the inconvenient feeling according to kinds in manual implements and the usability in the level of manipulating and maintaining the manual implement, in the actual training of the intra oral cavity along with mannequin given the scaling practice. Methods : Targeting 18 female juniors for the department of dental hygiene, who had directly practiced oral prophylaxis for 2 years, the questionnaire research was carried out right after the mutual practice in the intra oral cavity along with mannequin. Results : It was indicated that there is no big difficulty both in intra oral cavity and mannequin in terms of manipulating implement with a method of maintaining the rightly hand fixing or of grasping the trans formative pencil and of controlling force given manipulating the implement. How to grasp a trans formative pencil was indicated to be more difficult in the intra-oral manipulation(p<.05). Pain and inconvenient-feeling level, which occur in muscle and skeletal system during practicing the scaling in mannequin, were indicated to be in order of shoulder, wrist, neck, waist, elbow, and headache. Conclusion : There was no big difference in the pain and the inconvenient feeling in muscle and skeletal system according to mannequin and intra-oral environment given manipulating tile manual implement. However, there was difference in manipulating the implement with a method of grasping transformative pencil. The pain and inconvenient feeling in muscle and skeletal system were the highest both in shoulder and wrist.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with oral and maxillofacial diseases and 28 volunteers drawn from our student doctors were examined by shear wave elastography with a 14-MHz linear transducer using an Aplio 300 apparatus (Canon Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan). A statistical analysis of the shear elastic modulus(kPa) of healthy tissue (the sublingual gland, submandibular gland, anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and geniohyoid muscle) in the 28 volunteers was performed using 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance with the Tukey honest significant difference test. The maximum shear elastic modulus(kPa) of 8 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 2 patients with benign lesions was evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test. The analysis used a 5% significance level. Results: The mean shear elastic modulus of the sublingual gland ($9.4{\pm}3.7kPa$) was lower than that of the geniohyoid muscle ($19.2{\pm}9.2kPa$, P=.000) and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle ($15.3{\pm}6.1kPa$, P=.004). The maximum shear elastic modulus of the SCCs($109.6{\pm}14.4kPa$) was higher than that of the benign lesions($46.4{\pm}26.8kPa$, P=.044). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the usefulness of shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases. Shear wave elastography has the potential to be an effective technique for the objective and quantitative diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.31.1-31.5
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• 2017

Background: Dystrophic calcification can occur in any soft tissue with the absence of a systemic mineral imbalance and is often associated with trauma, infection, or inflammation. It is easily found in the site of the heart and skeletal muscles and rarely appears in the head and neck area. Case report: We present a rare case of multiple calcified masses in the left masseter muscle of a 26-year-old female with a history of trauma in the area. In computed tomography, multiple radiopaque masses were observed inside the left masseter muscle and blood test results were normal. The calcified masses were diagnosed as dystrophic calcification and removed by surgery without any complications. Conclusion: Different types of calcifications may occur in the cheek area, and they need to be distinguished from dystrophic calcification. Thorough clinical examination and history taking is required together with blood testing and radiographic examinations.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2009

The following results were obtained, after experimenting on change of masseter muscle and bloodstream epithelium with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator(TENS), among 16 male adults. 1. According to applying TENS, it was observed that bloodstream in muscle increases at 1.5, 3.0 Hz. 2. According to applying TENS, it was observed that concentration of moving blood cells in muscle increase at 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 Hz. 3. According to applying TENS, it was observed that velocity of bloodstream in muscle increases only at 1.5 Hz 4. Through experiment, applying TENS at level of 6.0 and 10.0 Hz, all bloodstream, concentration of moving blood cells, and velocity of bloodstream increasing rates were lower in muscle compared to of them in overlying epithelium; and especially increasing bloodstream and its velocity were most frequent at 6.0 Hz, and bloodstream of 10.0 Hz. From the results above when a physical therapy of TENS is carried out the frequency of 1.5, 3.0 H is effective, and as the frequency increases it is disadvantageous to the muscle.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between horizontal morphology of lateral pterygoid muscle and onset of temporomandibular joint disorders. Randomly selected 150 subjects, assigned with equal number in terms of gender and age group, were included. The axial and sagittal images in their magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joints were used to measure the morphologic characteristics of lateral pterygoid muscles and temporomandibular joints. The measurement variables were maximal horizontal width and insertion angle to the condyle, position of the articular disc, condylar deformity, and joint effusion. In addition, presence or absence of the temporomandibular joint pain was examined through history and palpation of the joints. The relationships among measurement variables were analyzed and the results were as follow. The insertion angle of the lateral pterygoid muscle to the condyle was higher in the joint of anterior disc displacement without reduction than that in the joint of normal disc position. In addition, the maximal horizontal width of the lateral pterygoid muscle was significantly increased in joints with pain than those without pain. Also, the insertion angle was significantly higher in younger age group and the maximal width was significantly greater in male than in female. These results suggest that high insertion angle of lateral pterygoid muscle might be an important anatomic predisposing factor for anterior disc displacement in temporomandibular joint and muscular activity of lateral pterygoid muscle might be affected by preauricular pain. In conclusion, there might be a bi-directional interaction between lateral pterygoid muscle and joint in the progression of anterior disc displacement in temporomandibular joint.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.362-366
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• 2001

Leiomyosarcoma(LMS) is a malignant tumor from smooth muscle origin that arises most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract and uterus, but rarely in the oral and maxillofacial area which lacks smooth muscles. 63 cases of oral LMS have been reported, especially LMS that occurred in the mandibular gingiva is only 2 cases. Major symptom of oral LMS is painful or painless swelling. Besides it, oral LMS has no specific characteristics. So it is difficult to diagnose the case as LMS of the oral cavity. Certain cases report that LMS of the oral cavity was misdiagnosed as periodontitis and the patients were treated with unnecessary procedures. Conventional treatment of LMS is the radical surgical excision. LMS that is infiltrative and very malignant has poor prognosis despite of well-circumscribed boundary. LMS of the oral cavity is often recurred, has high rate of distant metastasis and 5-year-survival rate is as low as 23%. This article reports LMS of the mandibular gingiva that treated with surgical intervention, had local recurrence and metastasis to the lymph node after 16-month's follow-up examination.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-182
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• 2012

This study was designed to evaluate the pain control effect by morphine injection to masticatory muscle pain patients. Patients with masticatory muscle pain visited the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital were recruited to this study and diagnosed by RDC/TMD. Experimental group were divided into three group; saline injection group(n=10), lidocaine injection group(n=10) and morphine injection group(n=10). Evaluation list was the subjective pain evaluation(visual analogue scale, Mc Gill pain questionnaire, pain drawing) and the objective pain evaluation(pressure pain threshold, pressure pain tolerance) and evaluation time was injection before, after 10min, 30min, 60min and then it was analyzed statistically. The results were as follows : 1. The subjective pain evaluation and the objective pain evaluation were significantly different statistically in within subject effects(p<0.001). 2. The subjective pain drawing evaluation(p<0.001) were significantly different statistically in between subject effects. 3. The objective pressure pain threshold evaluation(p=0.025) were significantly different statistically in between subject effects. 4. The morphine injection group(p=0.001) were more significantly different than the saline injection group statistically in the subject pain drawing evaluation. Therefore, it was considered that the morphine injection was effective to pain control for masticatory muscle pain patients within 60 minute.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a virtual reality (VR)-based oral strength training program and apply it to older adults to assess improvements in oral function. Methods: The oral strength training was conducted 12 times over 6 weeks, from late August to early October 2023, at the participants' institution. Each session lasted approximately 60 minutes. Forty-one participants aged 65 and older were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Results: Following the VR-based oral muscle strength training, the O'Leary index decreased by 0.42 (p<0.01), and the Löe & Silness index decreased by 1.11 (p<0.01). Additionally, there was a 1.24 reduction in tongue tie (p<0.01) and a 0.55 increase in salivation (p<0.05). Post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences between the two groups in gingival bacterial film (p<0.001), gingivitis (p<0.001), and tongue plaque (p<0.01). Conclusions: The study found that VR-based oral muscle strength training can improve oral health among older adults. Therefore, the VR-based oral muscle strength training program developed in this study could be beneficial in health promotion programs for the elderly.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.20.1-20.7
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX) injection into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle on a growing rat. Methods: Ten Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. When the rats were 13 days old, 0.5 units of BTX was injected into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle for the experimental group (n = 5). For the control, the same volume of normal saline was injected (n = 5). The rats were sacrificed at 60 days old, and the skulls were harvested for micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis. Results: In anthropometric analysis, the zygomatic arch and mandibular bi-condylar width were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (P = 0.025 and 0.027, respectively). The maxillary point width was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (P = 0.020). Conclusion: BTX injection into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle had effects on the maxillofacial bony width in growing rats.