• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of the bone caused by pathogenic bacteria. The causative pathogen is usually oral residing bacteria, but this is a report of patients with osteomyelitis infected with Enterobacteriaceae, which is not common. Enterobacteriaceae has been known to cause in-hospital infections for over last 30 years and is known to have multiple antibiotic resistances. Both cases in this study developed osteomyelitis after removal of the dentigerous cyst. Enterobacter aerogenes was cultured in one patient and Serratia marcescens in the other. After changing antibiotics through antibiotic susceptibility testing, clinical symptoms subsided and radiographic images confirmed that the callus formed and recovered at the same time.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.289-294
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• 2019

Background: Pain, limitations in opening, asymmetrical jaw movements, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds are the most common findings in temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), which causes excruciating pain, inflammation of the surrounding muscles, posterior fibers, and synovial fluid. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of ultrasound heat therapy and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in reducing TMD-related pain. Methods: This prospective study included 42 patients (age range, 25-45 years), who were divided into two groups of 21 patients each. All patients were prescribed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) twice a day for 5 days for temporary relief of pain prior to the commencement of treatment. Patients were kept on a soft diet and asked to restrict mouth opening during the same period. Fifteen sessions of LLLT (Group A) or ultrasound therapy (Group B) were administered to the affected side. Results: Post-therapy, the mean visual analog scale score for group A and group B was 4.81 (2.01) and 6.19 (1.20), respectively; the difference was statistically significant and favoring the LLLT group. Similarly, the mean mouth opening for group A and group B was 3.99 (0.40) and 3.65 (0.41), respectively; the difference was statistically significant and favoring the LLLT group. Conclusion: Our study recommends LLLT for treating TMD-related pain with no underlying bony pathology.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Eagle's syndrome is a disease caused by an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. Eagle defined the disorder in 1937 by describing clinical findings related to an elongated styloid process, which is one of the numerous causes of pain in the craniofacial and cervical region. The prevalence of individuals with this anatomic abnormality in the adult population is estimated to be 4% with 0.16% of these individuals reported to be symptomatic. Eagle's syndrome is usually characterized by neck, throat, or ear pain; pharyngeal foreign body sensation; dysphagia; pain upon head movement; and headache. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome must be made in association with data from the clinical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Patients with increased symptom severity require surgical excision of the styloid process, which can be performed through an intraoral or an extraoral approach. Here, we report a rare case of stylohyoid ligament bilaterally elongated to more than 60 mm in a 51-year-old female. We did a surgery by extraoral approach and patient's symptom was improved.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2019

The aim of this case report is to present a case of 68-year-old male with a history of multiple myeloma and the intravenous use of Zometa (zoledronic acid) who had developed medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) following a hot pizza burn to the palate. Clinical and radiographic findings revealed grade 1 MRONJ of the right side of the hard palate. Soft tissue trauma and delayed epithelialization may be associated with some cases of MRONJ. Patients on anti-resorptive medications or anti-angiogenic drugs should be informed of the risk of bone exposure and subsequent MRONJ secondary to physical/chemical insults to the bone and soft tissue in the oral cavity.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.212-216
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• 2022

Osteomyelitis in the oral and maxillofacial area is a relatively uncommon inflammatory disease that occurs due to odontogenic causes such as endodontic infection, facial trauma, insufficient blood supply caused by some medical conditions, and iatrogenic postoperative infections. Among them, the incidence rate of candida osteomyelitis in this area is minimal; therefore, no consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis has not been established yet. With the increasing number of immunocompromised elderly patients, candida osteomyelitis of the jaw is expected to become more prevalent. In this case report, we present an 81-year-old male patient with candida osteomyelitis of the jaw, including the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.363-367
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• 2017

Headaches are one of the most common conditions associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). In the present paper, we evaluated the relationship between headache and TMD, determined whether headache influences the symptoms of TMD, and reported two cases of TMD accompanied by headache. Our practical experience and a review of the literature suggested that headache increases the frequency and intensity of pain parameters, thus complicating dysfunctional diseases in both diagnostic and treatment phases. Therefore, early and multidisciplinary treatment of TMD is necessary to avoid the overlap of painful events that could result in pain chronicity.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2020

Osteomyelitis of the jaw infected with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) is rarely reported in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region. Staphylococcus is a part of the normal body flora, but it may be cause severe infections and CNS are often described as the important pathogens in nosocomial infections. Although many studies on prevalence and antibiotics of Staphylococcus aureus have been done, but many of these studies focus only on Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and not on methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCNS). There was a less study about CNS or MRCNS infections in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region. This report describes a case of a 41-year-old male patient who developed osteomyelitis caused by MRCNS on condyle after open reduction and internal fixation and suggests guideline for the prevention of postoperative infection and appropriate recommendation for treatment and control.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.150-154
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• 2021

Deep neck infection (DNI) is a potentially serious pathology that can lead to serious complications and high rate of mortality. Since DNI affects the cervical spaces, which can compromise airway, aggressive antibiotic administration and prompt surgical drainage are essential for recovery. Although most causes of DNI are known to be dental infections, developmental cysts such as dentigerous cysts are relatively few causes. In this case, we report a rare patient with severe deep neck space infection caused by infected third molar with dentigerous cyst.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

A variety of mechanisms may generate pain resulting from injury to the peripheral nervous system. None of these mechanisms is disease-specific, and several different pain mechanisms may be present simultaneously in any one patient. Diagnosis of neuropathic pain is often easily made from the information gathered on neurologic examination and from patient history. Evidence of sensory disturbances elicited by examination combined with laboratory tests confirming injury to peripheral nerve establishes the diagnosis of neuropathic pain. Although treatment of neuropathic pain may be difficult, optimum treatment can be achieved if dentist has a complete understanding of the therapeutic options. Pharmacologic therapy has been the mainstay of treatment. Selection of an appropriate pharmacologic agent is by trial and error since individual response to different agents, doses, and serum level are highly variable. An adequate trial for each agent tried is key to pharmacologic treatment of neuripathic pain. If pharmacologic treatment is not effective, nerve block using lidocaine, steroid and alcohol and neurectomy must be considered for treatment option.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has long been studied in diverse applications. It is a naturally occurring linear polysaccharide in a family of unbranched glycosaminoglycans, which consists of repeating di-saccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. It is almost ubiquitous in humans and other vertebrates, where it participates in many key processes, including cell signaling, tissue regeneration, wound healing, morphogenesis, matrix organization, and pathobiology. HA is biocompatible, biodegradable, muco-adhesive, hygroscopic, and viscoelastic. These unique physico-chemical properties have been exploited for several medicinal purposes, including recent uses in the adjuvant treatment for chronic inflammatory disease and to reduce pain and accelerate healing after third molar intervention. This review focuses on the post-operative effect of HA after third molar intervention along with its various physio-chemical, biochemical, and pharmaco-therapeutic uses.