• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2010

Snoring is a very common sleep disorder. Approximate 20~30 percent of population and 40~60 percent of middle and old age population are reported to have symptoms of snoring. Snoring patients do not frequently recognize snoring until spouse or colleague has noticed. Hence, for most people snoring has been not a serious health issue but one of bad sleeping habits. However, it recently draws social attention because most patients with diagnosed "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome" cased by obstruction of the upper airway are reported snoring. In this point, the author attempts to review the clinical aspects and treatments about snoring and "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome" in the medical and dental perspective.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.351-356
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• 2008

Cerebral palsy, a range of non-progressive syndromes of posture and motor impairment, is a common cause of disability in childhood. Self-injurious behavior(SIB) is deliberate harm to the body without suicidal intend, often involving repetitive actions that cause tissue damage. One of the most common orofacial self-injurious behavior is chewing tongue, lip or oral mucosa. This kind of SIB in children is not common in normal children. High occurrence rates are observered in cases of syndromatic, mentally retarded children, and children with congenital disease. Various methods such as behavior modification, behavior control by drugs, body restraints, application of dental appliance, surgery and extraction of teeth have been suggested to control those self-injurious behavior. Using mouthguard as one of dental applainaces is the most conservative and appropriate method in terms of reducing oral self-injurious habits and protection of tissue. This case report describes a child with cerebral palsy who presented with self-injurious ulceration of lip and buccal mucosa. A modified mouthguard was effective in preventing self-injurious oral trauma in a child with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display on the subjective and objective oral hygiene improvement. Methods: One hundred and fifteen subjects in healthy or mild gingivitis status between the ages of 20 and 90 were recruited and reviewed for study inclusion criteria. At first visit, 115 pre-screened subjects filled in the questionnaire form which consisted of demographic factors, behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol consumption), toothbrushing habits (brushing time and frequency), self-reported oral health status, and self-satisfaction. Baseline clinical indices (Plaque index, Gingival index) were also recorded by a periodontist. Subjects were instructed how to use powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display, and were provided with it. Thirty days after first visit, 90 subjects returned for the second assessment by self-reported questionnaire form and professional clinical checkup. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test for the difference between baseline and second visit data. The relationship among variables was examined with chi-square test and Fisher' s exact test. Results: Significant differences were not found on self-reported satisfaction related with sex, smoking, alcohol consumption (P<0.05). Self-reported tooth brushing habit was improved in the aspect of brushing time and frequency. Significant differences were found on the self-reported oral health status, self-satisfaction, and clinical indices between the baseline and second visit data (P<0.01). Clinical indices were significantly reduced after using powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display (P<0.01). No adverse reactions were reported during the study period. Conclusions: Powered toothbrush with a wireless remote display successfully promoted oral hygiene from the subjective and objective viewpoint after 30 days of home usage.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.853-862
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the number of self-report symptoms for temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and related factors in the third grade students of high school. Methods : A total of 1,043 high school the 3rd students age 16 20 completed a questionnaire from 11 high schools in Andong city from April to June 2010. Student's t-test was used to analyze the difference of TMD number. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on TMD number. Results : 1. Students who have one TMD were 71.3%, two 41.7% and over three 25.7%, respectively. 2. The number of TMD symptom of students who have no good habits such as clenching, bite lip and cheeks, resting on hand, chewing gum, hard foods, and unilateral chewing was a statistically significant higher than those who doesn't have ones(p=0.00). 3. TMD number of students who have been under more stress was a significantly higher than those who didn't have been(p=0.00). 4. Bite lip and cheek(${\beta}$=0.03, p=0.037), chewing gum(${\beta}$=0.03, p=0.029), resting on hand(${\beta}$=0.04, p=0.006), hard foods(${\beta}$=0.07, p=0.000), and stress out(${\beta}$=-0.03, p=0.018) were significantly associated with TMD number by multiple regression analysis. Conclusions : Variables associated with TMD were bite lip and cheek, chewing gum, resting on hand, hard foods, and stress out factor. According to our findings, it is so important to teach good habits on oral health to the 3rd grade students in high school. Further prospective study should explore cause of TDM from those variables.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.474-488
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• 2021

Purpose: Malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a significant factor affecting their adequate growth and development. This study aimed at conducting surveys and evaluating the dietary intake of children with CP according to their BMI classification and to thereby highlight the dietary factors affecting the nutritional status of these children. Methods: A total of 16 children were enrolled between the age of four and twelve. These subjects were further classified into three groups, namely underweight, normal and obese, with 6, 8, and 2 children in each group, respectively. The general characteristics, motor disturbances, body composition, feeding problems, eating habits, nutritional intake, dietary variety, and food frequency for children with CP were evaluated. Results: It was observed that motor disturbances tended to increase in underweight children with CP. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in disturbances related to oral feeding was observed with an increase in obesity. The pattern of eating habits revealed that subjects in the underweight group consumed unbalanced meals, while those in the obese group tended to consume larger meals at a faster pace. The feeding disturbance data revealed that those in the underweight group could not prepare their meals while the obese group had the problem of overeating and consuming an unbalanced diet (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary for both children with CP, who have a high degree of disability, and their caregivers to take lessons on adequate nutrient intake to prevent malnutrition. Moreover, it is necessary for the caregivers and children with CP having a low degree of disability to take lessons on providing and consuming a balanced diet and to focus on the intake of sufficient calcium in order to prevent obesity.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.192-203
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to investigate the distribution of natural tooth shades in the Korean elderly population to quantify the correlation and changes of tooth color with age and gender. In addition, the possible effects of habits on tooth color were assessed. Materials and Methods: The tooth color of one of the maxillary central incisors of 200 Korean individuals aged 50 to 89 years, males and female, was measured using the portable intraoral spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). CIELab and CIELCh color coordinates were recorded. We conducted the survey about the tobacco smoking, chronic disease, medication, eating habits, oral health behaviors and satisfaction with tooth color. Experimental data were statistically analyzed by using the t-test (P<0.05), two-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation test. Result: The most frequent color in the Korean elderly population was 3M3 & A3.5 shade. L^* and h^* values decreased, whereas C^*, a^* and b^* values increased progressively with age. There was a significant interaction between age and color coordinates for b^* values (r=0.245, P<0.05). Males generally have significantly higher C^*, a^*, b^* values and lower L^*, h^* value compared to females. Individuals who consumed alcohol had a higher L^* value (P<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the central incisors were getting darker, more reddish, and yellowish with age. Information on the chromatic range of natural teeth by age and gender could help to select colors for esthetic dental restorations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a model for predicting mental health risk among adolescents based on health behavior information by employing a hybrid machine learning method. Methods: The study analyzed data of 51,850 domestic middle and high school students from 2022 Youth Health Behavior Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Firstly, mental health risk levels (stress perception, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, suicide plans, experiences of sadness and despair, loneliness, and generalized anxiety disorder) were classified using the k-mean unsupervised learning technique. Secondly, demographic factors (family economic status, gender, age), academic performance, physical health (body mass index, moderate-intensity exercise, subjective health perception, oral health perception), daily life habits (sleep time, wake-up time, smartphone use time, difficulty recovering from fatigue), eating habits (consumption of high-caffeine drinks, sweet drinks, late-night snacks), violence victimization, and deviance (drinking, smoking experience) data were input to develop a random forest model predicting mental health risk, using logistic and XGBoosting. The model and its prediction performance were compared. Results: First, the subjects were classified into two mental health groups using k-mean unsupervised learning, with the high mental health risk group constituting 26.45% of the total sample (13,712 adolescents). This mental health risk group included most of the adolescents who had made suicide plans (95.1%) or attempted suicide (96.7%). Second, the predictive performance of the random forest model for classifying mental health risk groups significantly outperformed that of the reference model (AUC=.94). Predictors of high importance were 'difficulty recovering from daytime fatigue' and 'subjective health perception'. Conclusion: Based on an understanding of adolescent health behavior information, it is possible to predict the mental health risk levels of adolescents and make interventions in advance.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2005

A problem that affects children's dentitions is the harmful habit which is difficult to treat. Harmful habits for children are such as abnormal swallowing patterns, low/forward tongue rest posture problem, habitual open-lips resting posture, habitual mouth-breathing, excessive digital sucking habit and tongue thrusting. Tongue thrusting habits cause a bit of cranio-facial skeletal changes and a great deal of dental malocclusion such as anterior open bite. Anterior open bite causes masticatory, speech, and esthetic problems in the growing children and difficulties in diagnosis, treatment, and the prediction of its prognosis. The treatments of such abnormal behaviors involve orofacial myofunctional therapy and using of habit breaking appliance. The prognosis is not determined by the presence of severity of oral habit but the skeletal tendency of the patient. Usage of tongue crib resulted in not only the discontinuance of the habit but also improvement in overbite and overbite. This study showed that relatively successful results could be generated by using removable tongue crib and myofunctional therapy in the case of openbite related to tongue thrusting habit.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.263-277
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• 2005

Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the oral health conditions based on the dental health behaviors of a community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The subjects included 206 rural dwellers(100 men & 106 women) aged over 65 years old, who received dental health check-ups in the local public health center and its branches attached to 6 respective Myons of Chunchongnamdo Province, during the 2-month period from Jan. 1st to Feb. 28th, 2005. They were examined by dentists and given self-administered questionnaires asking about their dental heaith behaviors and subjective symptoms of gingival bleeding. Results: The oral health conditions based on dental health behavior showed that those who have not taken dental health service a year were found to have significantly greater number of missing teeth(p=0.002), DMFT(p=0.002) and CPITN(p=0.018), and those who have not observed intra-oral conditions a week to have significantly less number of filled teeth(p=0.002) and significantly greater number of missing teeth(p=0.000) and CPITN (p=0.000) than their respective counterparts. In terms of brushing, those who brushed their teeth below "3 times/day" were found to have significantly greater number of decayed teeth(p=0.000), missing teeth(p=0.000), DMFT(p=0.000) and CPITN(p=0.000) than their counterparts. In terms of time spent in brushing, those who spends "below 3 minutes" had significantly greater number of missing teeth(p=0.002) and DMFT(p=0.041), and significantly less number of filled teeth(p=0.036). According to the use of aid tools for cleaning teeth, the group who don't use them had significantly greater number of DMFT(p=0.041) and CPITN(p=0.018) than its counterpart. Classified by smoking habits, smoking groups had significantly greater number of decayed teeth(p=0.035) and CPITN(p=0.001) than non-smoking groups. Multiple regression analysis of the study data revealed that the significant factors influencing number of decayed teeth were number of brushing, sex and intra-oral observation (explanatory power of 14.2%). The significant factors for number of filled teeth were sex, intra-oral observation, use of aid tools, frequency of brushing, subjective health conditions and drinking of sweet beverages(explanatory power of 18.2%), those for number of missing teeth, number of brushing and age(explanatory power of 13.9%) those for DMFT, number of brushing, sex, use of dental service, age(explanatory power: 13.5%), and those for CPITN included smoking habits, use of dental service, use of aid tools (explanatory power: 10.8%). Conclusions: The study results revealed that the dental health behavior of the elderly population is in poor conditions and their consequent intra-oral health conditions are not good. To improve their oral conditions, public campaign and education will be needed to modify unhealthy dental health behaviors.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 1996

This study was performed to compare the TMJ sounds by means of vibration-related items by Sonopak such as integral, high integral, above 300/(0-300) ratio, peak amplitude, peak frequency and median frequency before and after occlusa1 splint therapy as well as counselling, physical modalities. For this study 22 patients with craniomandibular disorders (CMDs) were selected and examined by routine diagnostic procedure for CMDs including Transcranial and Panoramic radiographs and were classified into 3 CMDs subgroups : disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, and degenerative joint disease. Visual analogue scale (VAS) about joint sound was recorded during treatment period and VAS treatment index (VAS Ti) was calculated from the VAS data and treatment duration. The author evaluated and compared treatment results by several parmeters such as symptom duration, timing of joint sound, parafunctional habits, trauma, and diagnostic classification. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Before the treatment, the highest value of peak amplitude was observed in disc displacement with reduction group and value of median frequency was highest in degenerative joint disease group. In addition the highest values of peak frequency and ratio ware observed in degenerative joint disease group, though they were not significant. Furthermore the lowest value of high integral was observed in disc displacement without reduction group and though it was not significant, value of integral was lowest in that group. 2. Among 3CMDs subgroups disc displacement with reduction group showed the significantly decreased value of high integral and degenerative joint disease group had the significantly decreased value of integral after conservative treatment including occlusal splint therapy. Conclusively conservative treatment including occlusal splint therapy vay be effective in the treatment of CMDs including TMJ sound. 3. Fair prognosis for conservative treatment was observed in acute group under 6 months than chronic group, 6 months over in symptom duration but there was no statistical difference. The result for conservative treatment was observed slightly poor in subjects with bruxism, clenching, unilateral chewing habit and trauma history but there were no statistical differences.