• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10705-10711
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• 2015

Oral cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in the world. Combination chemotherapy coupled with nanoparticle drug delivery holds substantial promise in cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosages of our novel pH and temperature sensitive doxorubicin-methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles (DOX-MTX NPs) with attention to the MMP-2 mRNA profile in a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) model in the rat. Our results showed that both IV and oral dosages of DOX-MTX NP caused significant decrease in mRNA levels of MMP-2 compared to the untreated group (p<0.003). Surprisingly, MMP-2 mRNA was not affected in DOX treated compared to cancer group (p>0.05). Our results indicated that IV dosage of MTX-DOX is more effective than free DOX (12 fold) in inhibiting the activity of MMP-2 in OSCCs (P<0.001). Furthermore, MMP-2 mRNA expression in the DOX-MTX treated group showed a significant relation with histopathological changes (P=0.011). Compared to the untreated cancer group, we observed no pathological changes and neither a significant alteration in MMP-2 amount in either of healthy controls that were treated with oral and IV dosages of DOX-MTX NPs whilst cancer group showed a high level of MMP-2 expression compared to healthy controls (p<0.001).Taking together our results indicate that DOX-MTX NPs is a safe chemotherapeutic nanodrug that its oral and IV forms possess potent anti-cancer properties on aggressive tumors like OSCC, possibly by affecting the expression of genes that drive tumor invasion and metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.371-372
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• 2020

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5567-5577
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• 2013

The prevalence of oral cancers (OC) is high in Asian countries, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Asian distinct cultural practices such as betel-quid chewing, and varying patterns of tobacco and alcohol use are important risk factors that predispose to cancer of the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide an update on epidemiology of OC between 2000 and 2012. A literature search for this review was conducted on Medline for articles on OC from Asian countries. Some of the articles were also hand searched using Google. High incidence rates were reported from developing nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Sri Lanka. While an increasing trend has been observed in Pakistan, Taiwan and Thailand, a decreasing trend is seen in Philippines and Sri Lanka. The mean age of occurrence of cancer in different parts of oral cavity is usually between 51-55 years in most countries. The tongue is the leading site among oral cancers in India. The next most common sites in Asian countries include the buccal mucosa and gingiva. The 5 year survival rate has been low for OC, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol are the main reasons for the increasing incidence rates. Low socioeconomic status and diet low in nutritional value lacking vegetables and fruits contribute towards the risk. In addition, viral infections, such as HPV and poor oral hygiene, are other important risk factors. Hence, it is important to control OC by screening for early diagnosis and controlling tobacco and alcohol use. It is also necessary to have cancer surveillance at the national-level to collect and utilise data for cancer prevention and control programs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.490-495
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• 2011

Introduction: Development of carcinoma on oral tongue may cause bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, rapid invasion and growth of the cancer cells due to rich blood supply in muscle tissues. It is not only difficult to develop an animal experimental model, but also to proceed follow-up research after the development of such model as the induction of cancer lead to difficulty in taking nutrition for the experimental animals that often causes early death. Materials and Methods: IIn this study, author have transplanted YD-$10B_{mod}$ cells into nude mouse oral tongues with different cells number ($5{\times}10^4$, $5{\times}10^5$, $5{\times}10^6$ cells/mouse) and observed the development aspect of oral tongue cancers. Results: The cancer developed from orthotopic transplantation of YD-$10B_{mod}$ cells into nude mouse oral tongue show invasion and central necrosis of the tumor, similar to the cancers developed human oral tongue cancer. The difference in tumor size and the time of central necrosis development depending on the number of transplanted tumor cells shows the feasibility of extending the survival period of the nude mouse by limiting the transplanted tumor cells to < $5{\times}10^4$ cells/mouse or under per nude mouse. Conclusion: This nude mouse model could be used effectively in developing effective chemotheray agent and establishing an animal experimental model that can be used to study the mechanism of cervical lymph node metastasis of the oral tongue cancer.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between health-related quality of life and oral health behavior and oral health status, and to provide the basic data for national oral health policy. Methods: The primary data of the 5th National Health Examination and Nutritional Survey(NHANES) in 2012 were used in this study. The subjects were 2,243 middle-aged people(40-59 years old), 827 persons were excluded for missing value or having diseases affecting quality of life(depression, stroke, cardiac infarction, angina, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, other cancers, arthritis), and 1,416 data were finally analyzed. Results: In health-related quality of life by subjects' characteristics, there was significant difference in gender, age, education, family income, and employment status(p<0.01) except for current smoking. Oral health behavior didn't have significant relation to health-related quality of life, but better oral health status showed better health-related quality of life(p<0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study suggested that there was close relationship between the oral health status and health-related quality of life in moddle aged people. Therefore, national oral health policy is needed for the oral health promotion with commitment of oral prophylaxis and care programs to the individual and community.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.537-543
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• 2010

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the survival rate and influencing factors. Patients and Methods: We studied 104 patients who were diagnosed for squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and received curative treatment in oral oncology clinic of National Cancer Center from June 2001 to December 2009. Results: We found the following results. 1. The overall 5-year survival rate of tongue cancer was 67.0% and there was no significant statistical difference between male and female. 2. A lower survival rate was shown in patients under 40 years (42.2%) than over 40 years (75.5%)(P < 0.05). 3. 5-year survival rates of patients with tongue cancer classified by pTNM classification were 87.4% in early stage and 43.3% (P < 0.05). 4. A higher survival rate was seen in patients without cervical lymph node metastasis (82.0% > 44.1%)(P < 0.05). 5. A higher survival rate was seen in patients of tongue cancer with higher differenciation grade (P < 0.05). 6. It is well known that drinking and smoking have great influence on the survival rate of patients of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. But these was no statistical significance. Conclusion: The overall 5-year survival rate of tongue cancer was 67.0% and it was mostly influenced by factors like age, pTNM stage, cervical lymph node metastasis, differentiation of cancer cell etc.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.287-290
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• 2014

Objective: Genetic variation is considered to strongly impact on detoxification of carcinogens and therefore is related to cancer risk. However, findings for the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 have not always been consistent. Therefore the present meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: We accessed the reported study at different research areas and used various databases, including PubMed and Wanfang Med Onlion from 1990 to May 1st 2013. We calculated the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value for oral cancer by using Review Manager 5.1 and STATE 12. Results: We found that there was no increased oral cancer risk among subjects carrying GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype (OR=1.35, 95%CI=0.68-2.68, P=0.39) and (OR=1.41, 95%CI=0.72-2.77, P=0.31) in the Chinese population. In contrast, in studies in India a significant correlation between GSTM1 null genotype and oral cancer was observed (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.20-2.11, P=0.001), but not in GSTT1 (OR=1.21, 95% CI=0.84-1.74, P=0.31). Conclusion: We discovered that GSTM1 deletion polymorphism had a significant effect on the susceptibility of oral cancer in the Indian population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1333-1336
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• 2016

Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in India but the underlying mechanisms are minimally unraveled. Cancer research has immensely benefited from genome scale high throughput studies which have contributed to expanding the volume of data. Such datasets also exist for oral cancer genes but there has been no consolidated approach to integrate the data to reveal meaningful biological information. OrCanome is one of the largest and comprehensive, user-friendly databases of oral cancer. It features a compilation of over 900 genes dysregulated in oral cancer and provides detailed annotations of the genes, transcripts and proteins along with additional information encompassing expression, inhibitors, epitopes and pathways. The resource has been envisioned as a one-stop solution for genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic annotation of these genes and the integrated approach will facilitate the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2021

Vinpocetine induces anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases via the inhibition of phosphodiesterase type-1-independent nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of vinpocetine on the proliferation of colon cancer cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that vinpocetine inhibits the viability and proliferation of colon cancer cells. Vinpocetine treatment induced cell death in HCT116 cells, which the percentages of sub-G1 phase were significantly increased, and the apoptosis-related genes were regulated after HCT116 cells were treated with vinpocetine. In sum, our findings indicated that vinpocetine could be a therapeutically useful candidate in the treatment of colon cancer.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2013

Purpose: High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main source of cervical cancer, nearly up to 100%. Because there are no affordable data regarding the incidence of HPV in different sites of oral cavity, the purpose of this study is to review the previous article and to find out about the incidence and types of HPV in specific areas of oral cavity. Methods: We examined a total of 106 patients with oral cavity cancer for HPV detection. Available DNA chip (MY-HPV chip kit$^{(R)}$, Mygene Co., Korea) was used for the detection of low risk HPV types (6, 11, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44) and high risk HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58). Patients were previously diagnosed as invasive cancer of oral cavity. Specimen used for HPV detection was extracted from the main mass during resection and were tested for HPV type, performed by a DNA chip method. Results: Histologic results showed that there were squamous cell carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, cystadenocarcinomas, leiomyosarcoma and etc. Among HPV positive cancer, 2 patients showed positive for high risk HPV type 16, 3 patients showed positive for low risk HPV type 6 and the other 2 patients were positive for other types of HPV. Of the 7 patients with HPV positive, 4 patients were on the tongue, 3 on the lower gingiva. Conclusion: Most of the HPV positive cancers were on the tongue in our study. Cervical cancer of HPV infection is reported to be increasing in our society and because HPV infection largely spreads by sexual contact, the incidence of oral cancer with HPV infection is greatly assumed to be on the increase, simultaneously. Because the incidence of HPV on specific areas of oral cavity among oral cancer patients is not identified, more studies are ongoing.