• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 1998년도 제38회 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 1998

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2003

Background and Objectives: The Herpes Simplex type 2 Defective Infectious Single Cycle virus (DISC virus) is attenuated virus originally produced as viral vaccines but are also efficient gene transfer vehicle. The main goals of this study were to examine the efficiencies of the gene transfer using DISC vectors for various head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with DISC virus carrying a immunomodulatory genes (GM-CSF) as cancer therapy in a organotopic oral cavity squamous cell cancer model. Materials and Methods : We determinated the gene transfer efficiency of DISC virus by x-gal stain method and proved gene and protein expression of DISC-GMCSF transfected SCCVII cells by RT-PCR and ELISA method. Also we evaluated the ex vivo vaccination effects of SCCVII/GMCSF (DISC-GMCSF transfected SCCVII vaccine) vaccine on preventing the recurrence of micro-residual tumor. After the vaccination of SCCVII/GMCSF, specific cytotoxic T-cell responses was evaluated by CTL assay. Results: At an MOI of 10 DISC virus showed 64-88% of transfection rates in various head and neck squamous cancer cell lines. SCCVII cells transduced by DISC virus vector (MOI=10) carrying the GM-CSF gene, produced 4.5 nanogram quantities of GM-CSF per $10^6$ cells. In vivo vaccination using tumor cells transduced ex vivo with DISC-GMCSF resulted in better protection rate against subsequent tumor recurrence in organotopic oral cavity cancer model. Although tumor free survival rate was not statistically significantly increased in vaccination group (p=0.078), tumor specific cytotocic T-cell responses were significantly increased in SCCVII/GMCSF vaccination group. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that; 1) The DISC virus vector is capable of efficient gene transfer to various head and neck squamous cancer cell lines, 2) GM-CSF secreting genetically modified tumor vaccine (SCCVII/GMCSF) efficiently protected against tumor recurrence in organotopic micro-residual oral cavity cancer model and produced tumor specific cytotoxic T-cell response. DISC virus-mediated, cytokine gene transfer may prove to be useful as a clinical therapy for head and neck cancers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2011

This study was carried out for the molecular level identification of recombinant protein vaccine efficacy, by oral feeding against white spot syndrome virus infection, with the comparison of viral mRNA transcriptional levels in shrimp cells. For the determination of WSSV dilution ratio for the vaccination experiment by oral feeding, in vivo virus titration was carried out using different virus dilutions of virus stock ($1{\times}10^2$, $2{\times}10^2$, and $1{\times}10^3$). Among the dilution ratios, $2{\times}10^2$ diluted WSSV stock was chosen as the optimal condition because this dilution showed 90% mortality at 10 days after virus injection. Recombinant viral proteins, rVP19 and rVP28, produced as protein vaccines were delivered in shrimps by oral feeding. The cumulative mortalities of the shrimps vaccinated with rVP19 and rVP28 at 21 days after the challenge with WSSV were 66.7% and 41.7%, respectively. This indicates that rVP28 showed a better protective effect against WSSV in shrimp than rVP19. Through the comparison of mRNA transcriptional levels of viral genes from collected shrimp organ samples, it was confirmed that viral gene transcriptions of vaccinated shrimps were delayed for 4~10 days compared with those of unvaccinated shrimps. Protection from WSSV infection in shrimp by the vaccination with recombinant viral proteins could be accomplished by the prevention of entry of WSSV due to the shrimp immune system activated by recombinant protein vaccines.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

Dracunculiasis, otherwise known as guinea worm disease (GWD), is caused by infection with the nematode Dracunculus medinensis. This nematode is transmitted to humans exclusively via contaminated drinking water. The transmitting vectors are Cyclops copepods (water fleas), which are tiny free-swimming crustaceans usually found abundantly in freshwater ponds. Humans can acquire GWD by drinking water that contains vectors infected with guinea worm larvae. This disease is prevalent in some of the most deprived areas of the world, and no vaccine or medicine is currently available. International efforts to eradicate dracunculiasis began in the early 1980s. Most dentists and maxillofacial surgeons have neglected this kind of parasite infection. However, when performing charitable work in developing countries near the tropic lines or other regions where GWD is endemic, it is important to consider GWD in cases of swelling or tumors of unknown origin. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical criteria, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prevention of dracunculiasis. It also summarizes important factors for maxillofacial surgeons to consider.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

The study evaluated whether a transgenic carrot vaccine could induce a K88-specific immune response in sows and whether the resultant maternal antibody could protect piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88ac infection. Sows (n = 15) selected randomly from a farm in Korea were assigned to three groups (n = 5 per group: control [untreated]), group A (orally inoculated with a nontransgenic and transgenic carrot vaccines at 2 and 4 weeks ante partum, respectively), and group B (conventionally vaccinated according to the manufacturer's instructions). After 7 days of lactation, 5 piglets selected randomly from each group were challenged with $1{\times}10^{10}$ colony forming units/mL ETEC K88ac. Group C had the lowest mean fecal consistency score on post-challenge days 1 and 7. Histiologically, On post-challenge day 7, group C showed an increased duodenum and ileum villus:crypt ratio, compared to group A in the duodenum, with group B displaying the highest ratio. Groups B and C had more increased villus width than group A in the jejunum. Group C displayed the greatest increase in villus width in the ileum. The colostrums and serum from groups B and C displayed higher concentrations of IgA and IgG against ETEC K88, compared to group A. Based on the results, it was concluded that the transgenic carrot vaccine in sow per oral may have an effect on preventing piglet diarrhea as good as commercial recombinant vaccine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권7호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2019

The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger in the 9th (2018) edition of Immunization guideline. This report provides the revised recommendations made by the committee and summarizes several changes from the 2015 guideline. National immunization program (NIP) launched a human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization for girls aged 12 years in 2016. NIP has also expanded age indication for inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) to 12 years of age in the 2018-2019 season. Quadrivalent IIVs with a full dose (0.5 mL) are approved for all children of 6 months or older. Recommendations of live attenuated influenza vaccine were removed. For inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, first 2 doses are considered as the primary series. Recommendations for use of newly introduced vaccines (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis/inactivated poliovirus/Haemophilus influenzae type b, 9-valent HPV, new varicella vaccine, new quadrivalent IIV, and attenuated oral typhoid vaccine) were added. Lastly, monitoring system for adverse events following immunization was updated. Other changes can be found in the 9th edition of Immunization guideline in detail.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2023

Objectives: Vaccination is an important intervention for preventing disease and reducing disease severity. Universal vaccination programs have significantly reduced the incidence of many dangerous diseases among children worldwide. This study investigated the side effects after immunization in infants under 1 year of age in Lorestan Province, western Iran. Methods: This descriptive analytical study included data from all children <1 year old in Lorestan Province, Iran who were vaccinated according to the national schedule in 2020 and had an adverse event following immunization (AEFI). Data were extracted from 1084 forms on age, sex, birth weight, type of birth, AEFI type, vaccine type, and time of vaccination. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) were calculated, and the chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to assess differences in AEFIs according to the abovelisted variables. Results: The most frequent AEFIs were high fever (n=386, 35.6%), mild local reaction (n=341, 31.5%), and swelling and pain (n=121, 11.2%). The least common AEFIs were encephalitis (n=1, 0.1%), convulsion (n=2, 0.2%), and nodules (n=3, 0.3%). Girls and boys only showed significant differences in mild local reactions (p=0.044) and skin allergies (p=0.002). The incidence of lymphadenitis (p<0.001), severe local reaction (p<0.001), mild local reaction (p=0.007), fainting (p=0.032), swelling and pain (p=0.006), high fever (p=0.005), and nodules (p<0.001) showed significant differences based on age at vaccination. Conclusions: Immunization is a fundamental public health policy for controlling vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Although vaccines such as the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, oral poliovirus vaccine, and pentavalent vaccine are well-researched and reliable, AEFIs are inevitable.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

Mastoparan V1 was used as adjuvant of formalin-inactivated Salmonella Gallinarum whole cells vaccine against fowl typhoid in a chicken model. The 75 brown nick chickens were equally divided into 5 groups, and all chickens of each group were immunized at 6 weeks of age (0 WPPI; weeks prime post immunization), and at 9 weeks of age (3 WPPI) (except group B). Group A chickens were intramuscularly (IM) inoculated with 500 uL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and group B chickens were subcutaneously immunized with 0.2 ml containing 5×10⁷ viable vaccine strain/bird. The chickens in groups C~E were IM inoculated with approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells, approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells with mastoparan V1 as adjuvant, and 0.5 mL of PBS, respectively. S. Gallinarum outer membrane proteins-specific serum IgG titers were considerably higher in groups B~D than in groups A and E. However, the levels of IFN-γ in groups B and D only than in groups A and E were significantly higher. Following oral challenge with virulent wild-type S. Gallinarum, no chicken in groups A (no challenge group) and B was dead, and only 30% of chickens in group D was dead. However, 70% of chickens in group C and all chickens in group E were dead after oral challenge. The results of this study demonstrated that IM immunization with approximately 3×10⁹ of the formalin-inactivated S. Gallinarum whole cells containing mastoparan V1 induced robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in chickens. The whole cells also conferred protection against infection with wild-type S. Gallinarum.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2003

치아우식증을 예방하기 위한 백신연구를 위하여 주원인균인 Sterptococcus mutans 균체항원과 이 균에서 분리한 glucosyltransferase (GTF)를 항원으로 하고 이에 면역조절기능이 있는 retinoic acid (RA)를 첨가하여 투여경로와 백신조성이 이들 항원에 대한 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 균체항원(Ingbritt strain)을 마우스의 피하에 Complete Freund's Adjuvant와 함께 투여하여 생산되는 혈청내 응집항체가는 serotype e (LM-7)와는 강한 교차반응을 보였으나 serotype f (OMZ-175)와는 거의 교차반응을 일으키지 않았다. 면역혈청내 항-GTF 및 항-Ag I/II 항체중 항-GTF IgA는 피하로 투여시 전혀 검출되지 않았으나 이에 RA를 첨가하면 다량의 항체 생산을 관찰하였고 그 정도는 경구투여시의 생산량을 능가하였다. GTF를 alum과 함께 투여하여 생산되는 혈청내 항-GTF 항체중 IgM은 피하로 투여시 상당량이 검출되었고 RA를 첨가하면 그 생산이 증가되었으며 경구로 투여시 대조군에 비하여 약간증가를 보였으나 피하투여시의 그것에는 미치지 못하였다. GTF-특이 IgG는 경구투여시는 전혀 검출되지 아니하였고, 피하투여시에만 현저한 증가를 보였으며, RA첨가는 이에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 항-GTF IgA는 피하로 투여시 전혀 검출되지 아니하였으나 이에 RA를 첨가하면 증가된 항체생산을 관찰하였고 그 정도는 경구투여시의 생산량을 능가하였다. 이상의 실험성적은 GTF에 대한 항체생산은 투여경로와 항원의 종류에 따라 다양한 반응을 나타내며 RA는 이를 백신에 첨가하면 피하경로를 이용하여 면역하더라도 경구투여와 유사한 IgA-매개 면역반응으로 조절시킬 수 있는 가능성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2001

Alginate microspheres, containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) were prepared and used as a model drug to develop the oral vaccine delivery system. The alginate microspheres were coated with poly-L-lysine or chitosan. Two methods, w/o-emulsion and spray, were used to prepare alginate microspheres. To optimize preparation conditions, effects of several factors on the particle size and particle morphology of microsphere, and loading efficiency of model antigen were investigated. In both preparation methods, the particle size and the loading efficiency were enhanced when the concentration of sodium alginate increased. In the w/o-emulsion preparation method, as the concentration of Span 80 was increased from 0.5% to 2%, the particle size was decreased, but the loading efficiency was increased. The higher the emulsification speed was, the smaller the particle size and loading efficiency were. The concentration of calcium chloride did not show any effect on the particle size and loading efficiency. In the spray preparation method, the particle size was increased as the nozzle pressure $(from\;1\;kgf/m^2\;to\;3\;kgf/m^2)$ and spray rate was raised. Increasing calcium chloride concentration (<7%) decreased the particle size, in contrast to no effect of calcium chloride concentration on the w/o-emulsion preparation method. Alginate microspheres prepared by two methods were different in the particle size and loading efficiency, the particle size of microspheres prepared by the spray method was about $2-6\;{\mu}m$, larger than that prepared by the w/o emulsion method $(about\;2{\mu}m)$, and the loading efficiency was also higher with spray method. Furthermore, drying process for the microspheres prepared by the spray was simpler and easier, compared with the w/o emulsion preparation. Therefore, the spray method was chosen to prepare alginate microspheres for further experiments. Release pattern of FITC-BSA in alginate microspheres was evaluated in simulated intestinal fluid and PBS (phosphate buffered saline). Dissolution rate of FITC-BSA from alginate/chitosan microsphere was lower than that from alginate microsphere and alginate/poly-L-lysine microsphere. By confocal laser scanning microscope, it was revealed that alginate/FITC-poly-L-lysine microspheres were present in close apposition epithelium of the Peyer's patches of rabbits following inoculation into lumen of intestine, which proved that microspheres could be taken up by Peyer's patch. In conclusion, it is suggested that alginate microsphere prepared by spray method, showing a particle size of & $10\;{\mu}m$ and a high loading efficiency, can be used as a model drug for the development of oral vaccine delivery system.