• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1214-1217
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 소형 $360^{\circ}$ 구강 스캐너 임베디드 보드의 개발을 제안한다. 제안하는 소형 $360^{\circ}$ 구강 스캐너 임베디드 보드은 이미지 레벨 및 전송방식 변경 부, FPGA 부, 메모리 부, FIFO to USB 전송부 등으로 구성된다. 이미지 레벨 및 전송방식 변경 부는 소형 $360^{\circ}$ 전방위 구강 렌즈와 이미지 센서를 통해 들어온 MIPI 형식의 구강 영상을 Low Power Signal Mode와 High Speed Signal Mode로 나누어 포트에 분산 입력하고 레벨 시프트를 하여 FPGA 부에 전송한다. FPGA 부에서는 $360^{\circ}$ 영상 왜곡 보정, 영상 보정, 영상 처리, 영상 압축 등의 기능 등을 수행한다. FIFO to USB 전송부에서는 FPGA 내부의 FIFO를 통해 전달되어진 RAW 데이터를 트랜시버 칩을 사용하여 USB 3.0, USB 3.1 등의 통신 규격으로 PC에 전송한다. 제안된 소형 $360^{\circ}$ 구강 스캐너 임베디드 보드의 효율을 판단하기 위하여 공인시험기관에서 실험한 결과, 보정 영상 후 초당 프레임은 60fps 이상, 데이터 전송률은 4.99Gb/s로서 높은 수준의 결과가 산출되어 그 효용성이 입증되었다.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

Optical-based imaging technology has high resolution and can assess images in real time. Numerous studies have been conducted for its application in the dental field. The current research introduces an oral camera that includes fluorescent imaging, a second study examining a 3D intraoral scanner applying a confocal method and a polarization structure that identifies the 3D image of a tooth, and finally, an optical coherence tomography technique. Using this technique, we introduce a new concept 3D oral scanner that simultaneously implements 3D structural imaging as well as images that diagnose the inside of teeth. With the development of light source technology and detector technology, various optical-based imaging technologies are expected to be applied in dentistry.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess whether scanning strategies of virtual interocclusal record (VIR) affect the accuracy of VIR during intraoral scanning. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Five pairs of reference cubes were added to the digital upper and lower dentitions of a volunteer, which were printed into resin casts. Subsequently, the resin casts were articulated in the maximal intercuspal position in a mechanical articulator and scanned with an industrial computed tomography system, of which the VIR was served as a reference VIR. The investigated VIR of the upper and lower jaws of the resin master cast were recorded with an intraoral scanner according to 9 designed scanning strategies. Then, the deviation between the investigated VIRs and reference VIR were analyzed, which were measured by the deviation of the distances of six selected reference points on the upper reference cubes in each digital cast to the XY-plane between the investigated VIRs and reference VIR. RESULTS. For the deviation in the right posterior dentitions, RP group (only scanning of right posterior dentitions) showed the smallest deviation. Besides, BP group (scanning of bilateral posterior dentitions) showed the smallest deviation in the left posterior dentitions. Moreover, LP group (scanning of left posterior dentitions) showed the smallest deviation in the anterior dentitions. For the deviation of full dental arches, BP group showed the smallest deviation. CONCLUSION. Different scanning strategies of VIR can influence the accuracy of alignment of virtual dental casts. Appropriate scanning strategies of VIR should be selected for different regions of interest and edentulous situations.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2018

본 연구는 치과분야에서 가장 큰 변화를 가져온 자동화 시스템의 보급화로 CAD/CAM이 사용됨에 따라, 로스트왁스 테크닉 기법 시스템을 대체 하고 있다. 이에 따라 인상재를 이용하여 구강을 채득하는 방법에서 구강스캐너를 활용하여 디지털 데이터로 치과보철물을 제작하고 있다. 그러나 구강스캐너의 스캐닝 방법에 따라 디지털 데이터의 정밀도가 많을 영향을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 구강스캐너 (Intraoral scanner)의 스캔 작업 방법에 따라 나타날 수 있는 왜곡현상 및 데이터 정확도를 평가하고자 한다. 데스탑 3D 모형 스캐너로 임상에서 사용된 석고 모델을 이용하여 표준 스캔 데이터를 만들고 동일한 모델을 사용하여 구강스캐너로 세 가지 다른 방법의(AS그룹, ZS그룹, OS그룹) 스캔 방법으로 구분하여 각 5회씩 그룹별로 스캔 데이터를 만들었고, ZS그룹에서 0.121mm, AS그룹 0.172mm, OS그룹 0.423mm 정확도를 보여 ZS그룹에서 가장 높은 정확도를 보였고, 최대오차 값은 ZS그룹 0.113mm, AS그룹 0.169mm, OS그룹 0.246으로 최대 오차는 ZS그룹이 가장 낮고 OS그룹이 가장 높게 측정되었다. 세 가지의 스캔 방법은 정확도나 재현성에 있어 확실한 차이를 보였으며 임상에서도 역시 의미 있는 결과로 보였다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1997

This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of linear or nonlinear contrast enhancement on subtraction images. Three different textures were radiograped on dental film. The first radiograph was taken without the presence of an object. the second, which showed trabucular bone, was taken of the molar area of a human. the third radiograph was taken of the coronal part of molars. Each film was digitized into a 1312 x 1024 pixel x 8 bit depth matrix by means of a Nikon 35 mm film scanner(LS-3510AF, Japan) with fixed gain and internal dark current correction to maintain constant illumination. The scanner was interfaced to a Macintosh Le ill computer(Apple Computer, Charlotte, N.C) This resulted in three pairs of images, including different textures-plain, bone and enamel. Digital regular, linearly and nonlinearly enhanced subtraction was performed. Computer software was ,used to simulate lesions in the shape of a 2D-Gaussian curve on each of a pair of images. The each subtraction images were presented in a random sequence to two groups of 10 observers(students and dentists). ROC analysis was used to compare observer performance. The following results were obtained ; 1. All of LCE subtraction, equalized subtraction and regular subtraction images of plain texture were diagnosed the best by far. 2. The data revealed a siginificant LCE effect in both the student group and the expert group. 3. Clinical expertise was a helphul factor for the observers in this study.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.74-76
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• 2019

A conservative treatment approach to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is recommended as the first line of management, usually with a stabilization splint. Recently, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing and three-dimensional printer has been widely used in the dentistry since several years ago. The authors apply digital dentistry in oral medicine fields to make stabilization splint for TMD treatment.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the reliability of measurements performed on three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of maxillary defects obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D optical scanning. Materials and Methods: Mechanical cavities simulating maxillary defects were prepared on the hard palate of nine cadavers. Images were obtained using a CBCT unit at three different fields-of-views (FOVs) and voxel sizes: 1) $60{\times}60mm$ FOV, $0.125mm^3$ ($FOV_{60}$); 2) $80{\times}80mm$ FOV, $0.160mm^3$ ($FOV_{80}$); and 3) $100{\times}100mm$ FOV, $0.250mm^3$ ($FOV_{100}$). Superimposition of the images was performed using software called VRMesh Design. Automated volume measurements were conducted, and differences between surfaces were demonstrated. Silicon impressions obtained from the defects were also scanned with a 3D optical scanner. Virtual models obtained using VRMesh Design were compared with impressions obtained by scanning silicon models. Gold standard volumes of the impression models were then compared with CBCT and 3D scanner measurements. Further, the general linear model was used, and the significance was set to p=0.05. Results: A comparison of the results obtained by the observers and methods revealed the p values to be smaller than 0.05, suggesting that the measurement variations were caused by both methods and observers along with the different cadaver specimens used. Further, the 3D scanner measurements were closer to the gold standard measurements when compared to the CBCT measurements. Conclusion: In the assessment of artificially created maxillary defects, the 3D scanner measurements were more accurate than the CBCT measurements.

• 치과방사선
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to use digital profile image features and digital image analysis of fixed-dimension bone regions, extracted from standardized periapical radiographs of the maxilla, to determine whether differences exist in alveolar bone of younger women(mean age: 59.23±7.34 years) and just menopaused women(mean age: 59.23±7.34). Periapical films were used from two groups of 20 randomly selected women. None of the subjects had a remarkable medical history. To simplify protocol, we chose one interproximal bone area between the maxillary right canine and lateral incisor for study. Ech film was digitized into a 1312 x 1024 pixel x 8 bit depth matrix by means of a Nikon 35 mm film scanner(LS-35lOAF, Japan) with fixed gain and internal dark current correction to maintain constant illumination. The scanner was interfaced to a Macintosh LC III computer(Apple Computer, Charlotte, N.C.). Area and profile orientation were selected with a NIMH Image 1.37(NIH Research Services Branch, Bethesda, Md.). Histogram features were extracted from each profile and area. The results of this study indicate that mean pixel intensities didn't differ significantly between two groups and there was a high correlarion-coefficient between digitized radiographic profile features and area features.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effect of exposure parameters on image quality obtained using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner and the relationship between physical factors and clinical image quality depending on the diagnostic task. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of a SedentexCT IQ phantom and a real skull phantom were obtained under different combinations of tube voltage and tube current (Alphard 3030 CBCT scanner, 78-90 kVp and 2-8 mA). The images obtained using a SedentexCT IQ phantom were analyzed technically, and the physical factors of image noise, contrast resolution, spatial resolution, and metal artifacts were measured. The images obtained using a real skull phantom were evaluated for each diagnostic task by 6 oral and maxillofacial radiologists, and each setting was classified as acceptable or unacceptable based on those evaluations. A statistical analysis of the relationships of exposure parameters and physical factors with observer scores was conducted. Results: For periapical diagnosis and implant planning, the tube current of the acceptable images was significantly higher than that of the unacceptable images. Image noise, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), the line pair chart on the Z axis, and modulation transfer function (MTF) values showed statistically significant differences between the acceptable and unacceptable image groups. The cut-off values obtained using receiver operating characteristic curves for CNR and MTF 10 were useful for determining acceptability. Conclusion: Tube current had a major influence on clinical image quality. CNR and MTF 10 were useful physical factors that showed significantly associations with clinical image quality.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2021

Therapeutic injections into the craniofacial region can be a complex procedure because of the nature of its anatomical structure. This technical note demonstrates a process for creating an extra-oral template to inject therapeutic substances into the temporomandibular joint and the lateral pterygoid muscle. The described process involves merging cone-beam computed tomography data and extra-oral facial scans obtained using a mobile device to establish a correlated data set for virtual planning. Virtual injection points were simulated using existing dental implant planning software to assist clinicians in precisely targeting specific anatomical structures. A template was designed and then 3D printed. The printed template showed adequate surface fit. This innovative process demonstrates a potential new clinical technique. However, further validation and in vivo trials are necessary to assess its full potential.