• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.727-745
• /
• 2005

The present study is an experimental investigation into the behaviour of high strength concrete square short columns subjected to biaxial bending moments and strengthened by GFRP laminates. The main objectives of the study are: to evaluate the improvement in the structural performance of HSC short square columns subjected to small biaxial eccentricity when strengthened by externally applied FRP laminates, and to investigate the optimum arrangement and amount of FRP laminates to achieve potential enhancement in structural performance especially ductility. The parameters considered in this study are: number of FRP layers and arrangement of wraps. The load eccentricity is kept corresponding to e/t = 0.125 in two perpendicular directions to the columns principal axes, and the wraps are applied in single or double layers (partial or full wrapping). In the present work, test results of five full scale concrete columns are presented and discussed. The study has shown that FRP wraps can be used successfully to enhance the ductility of HSC columns subjected to biaxial bending by 300%.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제29권9호
• /
• pp.907-914
• /
• 2020

In this study, the two-stage electroflotation-rising process was investigated with the aim of improving the performance of the conventional one-stage electroflotation process. A total of 32 min (the electroflotation and rising times were 30 min and 2 min, respectively,) was required when a current of 0.35 A was applied in the one-stage electroflotation-rising experiment. The amount of electric power required to treat 1 ㎥ of water was 1.75 kWh/㎥. For the two- stage system, the time required to achieve a turbidity removal rate of over 95% was 16 min (50% of the one-stage system). The amount of electric power required to treat 1 ㎥ of water was 0.59 kWh/㎥, which was only 33.7% of that required for the one-stage process. The total treatment time and electric power were excellent in case of the two-stage system in comparison with those of the one-stage process. The rate of turbidity removal for the horizontal electrode arrangement is 9.3% higher than that of vertical electrode arrangement. When Na₂SO₄ was used as the electrolyte, the optimum electrolyte concentration was 1.0 g/L.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.982-992
• /
• 2001

In this paper, the performance of ventilation equipments in enclosed parking garages were investigated for several air distribution systems by numerical method. Air change effectiveness of the non-mixing system was 0.42. It meant that more supply air as much as the design supply air was needed to maintain good indoor air quality. In the high speed nozzle ventilating system which is most expensive one, air change effectiveness was 0.54. Therefore this system satisfied to ventilation design. In the jet fan ventilating systems, air change effectiveness for jet fan ventilating system-A with 18 jet fans and jet fan ventilating system-B with 6 jet fans in circulation mixing arrangement were 0.565 and 0.42 respectively. Jet fan ventilating system-C with 6 jet fans in transport mixing arrangement was 0.535. Jet fan ventilating system-A and jet fan ventilating system-C met the ventilation design. But velocity in jet fan ventilating system-A was over 2.0m/s which is inappropriate in human comfort. Therefore this system is not proper to ventilation. Jet fan ventilating system-C was the optimum one for enclosed parking garages among 5 systems examined in this paper.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.352-356
• /
• 2013

Recently, the stationary discontinuous armature, Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PM-LSM), was suggested as a driving source for long-distance transportation system. However, as these motors arrange armatures discontinuously, an edge occurs thereby leading to a cogging force. This works as a factor that hinders the acceleration and deceleration that takes place when movers enter into and eject from armatures. Therefore, in this study, the installation of auxiliary teeth on the edge of the armature of PM-LSM is suggested in order to reduce the cogging force caused by the edge when the armature is placed in a discontinuous arrangement. Auxiliary teeth are optimally designed by a 2-D numerical analysis using the finite element method was performed to generate the optimum design of the auxiliary teeth. The validity of the study was confirmed through the comparison of the cogging force induced at the edge in respect to the design parameter using the basic model.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2019

다목적훈련지원정(MTB)에 탑재되는 전자전훈련지원체계(EWT) 송신 신호에 의해 MOSCOS 간 전자기간섭 문제점을 해결하기 위한 안테나 최적 위치에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 4M1E에 근거한 Fishbone Diagram을 이용하여 7가지의 원인을 식별하였으며 Friis 전달공식을 통해 고려해야 할 요소를 식별하고 기존 함정에서 발생한 유사 문제점을 분석한 후, 두 개의 최적 배치 후보를 선정하였다. 두 개의 설치 위치에 대해 전자기 수신 레벨을 측정하여 최적배치(안)을 수립한 후, 본 개선사항에 대한 실선 시험을 통해 전자기 간섭 개선 효과를 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제36권12호
• /
• pp.1627-1633
• /
• 2012

심해저 장비에 사용되는 압력용기는 내장된 전자장비를 대기압 상태로 보호할 수 있도록 설계되어야 한다. 따라서 해수에 노출되지 않도록 수밀성과 심해의 높은 압력을 견딜 수 있는 구조적 안전성을 확보해야 한다. 본 연구의 압력용기는 원통형이며, 중앙부의 원통형 용기와 양 끝단의 평판형 덮개부로 이루어져있다. 일반적으로 압력용기 내부 전자장비와의 통신 및 전력전송을 위해 압력용기 덮개판에 다양한 수중 커넥터를 배치 한다. 그러나 한정된 덮개판 공간에 다수의 홀이 배치되면 응력집중을 유발하여 압력용기 덮개판의 구조적 안전성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 구조적 안전성을 고려한 압력용기 덮개판의 홀 배치 최적화 기법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2001

향후 임도사업(林道事業)과 임도배치망(林道配置網) 계획(計劃)에 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공코자 현재 개설(開設)되어 있는 임도(林道)를 중심으로 임도개설비(林道開設費)에 대한 투자효과(投資效果)를 최대로 하는 최적임도배치(最適林道配置) 및 집재기능(集材機能)을 고려한 임도배치망(林道配置網)을 평가(評價)하였다. 1. 적정(適定) 임도밀도(林道密度) 및 임도연장거리(林道延長距離)를 계산(計算) 비교(比較)한 결과(結果), 각(各) 조사지(調査地)의 유성별(流城別) 기설(旣設) 임도밀도(林道密度)가 이론적으로 계산(計算)한 임도밀도(林道密度)보다 작았으며 앞으로 좀더 많은 임도개설(林道開設)이 필요하였다. 2. 투자효과(投資效果)를 최대(最大)로 하는 임도로선배치법(林道路線配置法)에 의해 계산(計算)한 임도배치망(林道配置網)과 기설(旣設)의 임도배치망(林道配置網)을 비교분석(比較分析)한 결과(結果), 각(各) 조사지(調査地)에서 기설(旣設)의 임도망(林道網)은 공도적(公道的) 기능(機能)을 높이기 위한 임도망(林道網)으로서 우회률(迂回率)이 큰 임도로선망(林道路線網)인 반면, 투자효과(投資效果)를 최대(最大)로 하는 임도배치망(林道配置網)은 공도적(公道的) 기능(機能)이 고려(考慮)되면서 임업적(林業的) 기능(機能)이 고려된 집재기능(集材機能)이 높은 수기형상(樹技形狀)의 임도망(林道網)으로 배치(配置)되어 계획구역(計劃區域)에 골고루 배치(配置)되어 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 기설(旣設)의 임도배치망(林道配置網)이 다소 집재기능적(集材機能的)인 면(面)과 임업적(林業的) 기능(機能)이 결여(缺如)된 임도배치망(林道配置網)이라고 하겠으며 앞으로 좀더 투자효과(投資效果)와 집재기능(集材機能)을 고려(考慮)한 임도배치망계획(林道配置網計劃) 필요(必要)하겠다. 3. 각(各) 조사지(調査地)에 대한 평균(平均) 최대집재거리(最大集材距離)와 평균(平均) 집재가능면적(集材可能面積)이 기설(旣設) 임도망(林道網)과 계산(計算)에 의한 임도배치망(林道配置網)에 대한 수평거리(水平距離)와 사거리별(斜距離別) 평균(平均) 최대집재거리(最大集材距離)와 평균(平均) 집재가능면적(集材可能面積)이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 최대집재수평거리(最大集材水平距離)를 동일하게 적용(適用)했을 경우, 기설(旣設) 임도망(林道網)과 계산결과(計算結果) 임도망(林道網)의 평균(平均) 최대집재거리(最大集材距離)와 평균(平均) 집재가능면적(集材可能面積)이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 기설(旣設) 임도망(林道網)을 기준으로 최대집재거리(最大集材距離)를 동일하게 적용(遭用)했을 경우도 최대집재거리(最大集材距離)를 수평거리(水平距離)와 사거리(斜距離)로 구별했을 때에 평균(平均) 최대집재거리(最大集材距離)와 평균(平均) 집재가능면적(集材可能面積)이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 임도배치(林道配置)를 가능하면 산능선(山陵線)이나 산복(山腹)을 중심으로 배치(配置)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기설(旣設)의 임도(林道)와 계산(計算)하여 배치(配置)한 임도(林道)의 집재거리별(集材距離別) 평균(平均) 집재가능면적(集材可能面積), 집재면적률(集材面積率)의 수평거리(水平距離)와 사거리(斜距離)의 총 평균값도 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 볼 때, 기설(旣設)의 임도(林道)보다는 투자효과(投資效果)를 최대(最大)로 하는 임도배치망(林道配置網)이 임업적(林業的) 기능(機能)과 집재기능적(集材機能的)인 면(面)에서 더욱 효과적(效果的)이고 최대집재거리(最大集材距離)를 수평거리(水平距離)보다 사거리(斜距離)로 계산(計算)했을 경우가 집재가능면적(集材可能面積)이 작으므로 임도배치망(林道配置網)을 가능하면 산복(山腹)과 산능선(山陵線)을 중심으로 배치(配置)하는 것이 집재기능(集材機能)을 더욱 높일 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 앞으로 임도로선배치계획시(林道路線配置計劃時)에 가능하면 집재기능(集材機能)을 고려(考慮)하여 집재가능면적(集材可能面積)을 크게 할 수 있도록 임도배치망(林道配置網)을 구축(構築)할 필요가 있겠다. 4. 현재(現在) 개설(開設)되어 있는 임도로선(林道路線)이 산능선부(山稜線部), 산복부(山腹部), 계곡부중(溪谷部中) 어느 구역을 중심으로 개설(開設)되어 있는지를 평가(評價)하기 위해 임도로선(林道路線)의 위치(位置)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 기설(旣設)의 임도로선(林道路線)이 대부분 산복부(山腹部)와 계곡부(溪谷部) 중심으로 배치(配置)되어 있었으며, 기설(旣設)의 임도망(林道網)이 집재기능(集材機能)이 다소 결여된 임도배치망(林道配置網)이므로 향후 좀더 집재작업(集材作業)시스템을 고려(考慮)한 임도로선배치(林道路線配置)가 요망(要望)된다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.1746-1755
• /
• 2003

Operating characteristics of a triple pressure reheat HRSG are analyzed using a commercial software package (Gate Cycle by GE Enter Software). The calculation routine determines all the design parameters including configuration and area of each heat exchanger. The off-design calculation part has the capability of simulating the effect of any operating parameters such as power load, process requirements, and operating mode, etc., on the transient performance of the plant. The arrangement of high-temperature and intermediate-temperature components of the HRSG is changed, and its effect on the steam turbine performance and HRSG characteristics is examined. It is shown that there could be a significant difference in HRSG sizes even though thermal performance is not in great deviation. From the viewpoint of both economics and steam turbine performance, it should be carefully reviewed whether the optimum design point could exist. Off-design performance could be one of the main factors in arranging components of the HRSG because power plants operate at various off-design conditions such as ambient temperature and gas turbine load, etc. It is shown that different heat exchanger configurations lead to different performances with ambient temperature, even though they have almost the same performances at design points.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2008

Effects of the duct inlet guide vane on the flowrate distribution characteristics of the defroster nozzle exit in a defrost duct system were investigated experimentally to design the optimum heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system applied in an automotive compartment. A 3-dimensional hot-wire anemometer system was used to measure the velocity field in the vicinity of the defroster nozzle jet flow and the velocity distributions near the windshield interior surface. At first, two cases of with- and without-duct inlet guide vanes were considered as the test condition, and then three cases of the duct inlet guide vane were tested to determine the optimum guide vane shape and their positions. The arrangement of the duct inlet guide vanes has an effect on the improved flowrate distribution at the defroster nozzle exit and near the windshield interior surface. However, the application of the lots of guide vane to control the flow direction leads to increase the flow resistance, resulting in the decreased flowrate issuing from the defroster nozzle. The shape of the duct inlet guide vane affects not only the flowrate distribution between the driver side and the assistant driver side but also the reduction of the flow resistance in the defrost duct system.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.598-605
• /
• 2010

The structural design of oil tankers and bulk carriers should be performed based on the Common Structural Rules(CSR) which were recently established by the International Association Classification Societies(IACS). At first, in the structural design viewpoint, the scantling and hullweight based on the CSR should be compared with those of existing rules, and then a minimum weight/cost design should be performed by considering the variation of the number of web and the material property. In this study, the optimum web space and material property will be proposed by performing a minimum weight/cost design of a large oil tanker, and the results will be compared with those of existing ship. The longitudinal members are determined by SeaTrust-Holdan developed by the Korean Register of Shipping(KR), and the transverse members are determined by NASTRAN and PULS.