• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

Wool has excellent properties, such as heat retention, absorbency, and elasticity, but it has a disadvantage in washability because the fabric will felt and shrink greatly. Felting causes the interlocking of the fiber surface scales with one another. Therefore, the studies on wool finishing have been focused on shrink proofing. Precedent researches on wool shrink proofing are mostly on eco-friendly method. using enzyme. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of L-cysteine, EDTA in papain treatment of wool fabrics. The specific contents of study are as follows. Depending on pH, temperature, treatment time, enzyme concentration and L-cysteine, EDTA concentration, weight loss, tensile strength, whiteness, SEM were examined. Each papain treatment conditions depending on L-cysteine, EDTA were optimized from these properties. Papain had very low activation without activators. The optimum conditions of papain treatment were pH 7.5, temperature $75^{\circ}C$, time 30minutes(L-cysteine), 180minutes(EDTA) and papain concentration 5%(o.w.f.). In the use of papain 5%(o.w.f.), the activators optimum concentration was L-cysteine 2%(o.w.f.), EDTA 7%(o.w.f.)

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

The separation of $TiO_2$ wastewater carried out by an electrocoagulation/flotation process, which had various operating parameters. The effect of electrode material (aluminum and four dimensionally stable electrode), applied current (0.07~0.5 A), electrolyte concentration (0~1 g/L), solution pH (3~11), initial turbidity (1000~20000 NTU) and suspended solid concentration (5000~25000 mg/L) were evaluated. Turbidity removal efficiency of the soluble anode (aluminum), which could produce metal ions, was higher than that of the dimensionally stable electrode. Considering operation time, turbidity removal and electric power, optimum current was 0.19 A. The more NaCl dosage was high, the less electric power was required. However, optimum NaCl concentration was 0.125 g/L considered removal efficiency, operation time and cost. Initial $TiO_2$ concentration did not affected turbidity removal on the electrocoagulation/flotation operation. The electrocoagulation/flotation process was proved to be a very effective separation method in the removal of $TiO_2$ from wastewater.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the optimum recommendation level on Gatrodia rhizoma and the effects on the improvement of the lipids in the dietary hypercholesterterolemic rats. Experimental diets mixed with 5% Dioscorea batatas(Group 2), 10% Dioscorea batatas(Group 3), 15% Dioscorea batatas (Group 4) 5% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 5), 10% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 6), and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 7), were administered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 3 weeks. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was lower in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups than in the other groups, especially total cholesterol concentration of 10% Gastrodia rhizoma(Group 6) was the lowest in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups. Concentration of HDL-cholesterol in serum was higher in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma than in the other groups. Concentrations of cholesteryl ester, LDL, LDL-cholesterol in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma. Concentration of glucose and activity of GPT in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group. The activity of GOT in serum was lower in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma group than in the other groups. Therefore, we consider that there are effects on the improvement of the lipids in the Gastrodia rhizoma and the optimum recommendation quantity of Gastrodia rhizoma is 10% to quantity of food composition.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1998

Organics matters including algae are the major contaminants of Nak-dong river and it's concentration Is more Increasing now. The use of coagulants has been Incresed for the effective treatment of drinking water, and aluminum coagulants have been the most widely used in raw water treatment. However, when inorganic metal coagulant is excessively used for long period, it would result in secondary problems, such as increasing sludge production, enhancing the cost of water treatment process, and increasing concentration of residual metal, especially aluminum. Therefore, recently. in order to reduce the use of metal coagulant and enhance the coagulation effectiveness, several alternative coagulants, such as polymeric Inorganic coagulants and organic polymers, have been used In water treatment plants. The objectives of thins research were (11 to determine optimum dosage concentration and compare the coajuiation efnciency at various pH ranees with alum alone, alum+cationic polymer, and alum+anlonlc polymer, (21 to evaluate the amount of alum reduced by using organic polymer, (31 to maximize removal officiency of organic matter and minimize the concentration of residual aluminum.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2003

Core-shell composite particles of organic/organic were polymerized by using monomers such as methyl methacrylate(MMA) and styrene(St) in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) below critical micelle concentration(CMC) changing concentration, kind of initiators, emulsifiers, addition method of monomers and speed of agitation. In the PMMA/PSt and PSt/PMMA core-shell polymerization, to suppress the generation of new particles and to minimize the coagulation during the shell polymerization, the optimum conditions were $1.45{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$ and $2.91{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$ at concentration of SDBS respectively. The optimum concentration of the other initiator was $1.58{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$ of ammonium persulfate(APS) for core polymerization and $4.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/L$ of APS for shell polymerization.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1359-1363
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was that the optimal hydrolysis conditions of endo- and exo-type enzymes were selected to utilize organic cheese byproducts. Optimal substrate concentration and optimum enzyme ratio were measured by using 4 kinds of endo-type enzymes (alcalase, neutrase, protamex, and foodpro alkaline protease) and two exo-type enzymes (flavourzyme and prozyme 2000P) for whey protein hydrolysis were analyzed using liquid chromatography. As a result, the optimal endo-type enzyme through the first enzyme reaction was selected as alcalse, and as a result of the secondary enzyme reaction, flavourzme was selected as the Exo type enzyme. The concentration of whey protein substrate for optimal primary and secondary enzyme reactions was 10%. In addition, the optimum ratio of enzyme was 0.5% of alcalase and 0.2% of flavourzyme, which showed low molecular weight chromatography pattern compared to 2% of alcalase and 1% of flavourzyme hydrolyzate. Therefore, hydrolyzing the endo-type enzyme alcalase at a concentration of 0.5% for 10 hours and then hydrolyzing the exo-type enzyme flavouryme at a concentration of 0.2% for 4 hours was considered to be the optimum condition.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.578-587
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to design and prepare the optimum formulation for the oral administration of titrated extract of the unsaponifiable fraction of Zea mays L. (ETIZM). For this purpose, we simulated the blood concentration of ETIZM after its oral administration, changing the dissolution rate constants $(0.05{\sim}20\;hr^{-1})$. In vivo parameters, such as absorption rate constant $(k_a)$, elimination rate constant (k) and volume of distribution (Vd), were incorporated in the simulation on the basis of the experiments and literatures. When the dissolution rate constant $(k_r)$ is over $5\;hr^{-1}$, the absorption process appears to be the rate limiting step for the transport of ETIZM from the G.I. ract to the blood circulation. While less than $5\;hr^{-1}$, the dissolution rate considered to be the rate limiting step. Moreover, the optimum blood concentration was shown in the range from 1 to $5\;hr^{-1}$ of $k_r$ in the simulation. To design and prepare the tablets on the basis of the above results, 7 formula containing HPMC, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 (1-5%, respectively) were prepared and evaluated. The tablets containing PEG 4000 (1%), PEG 6000 (1%) or PEG 4000 (5%) satisfy the optimum $k_r$ range ($1-5\;hr^{-1}$). These formulations, therefore, will be able to show the more effective blood concentration, compared with the commercial products after the oral administration.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.177-185
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• 1996

Fe-EDTA 착물을 이용한 황화수소 제거의 최적 반응 조건을 기포탑 반응기에서 조사하였다. 착물의 농도가 증가할수록 황화수소 산화 반응에서 전환량은 증가하였고 pH 변화와 Fe 농도는 완만하게 감소하였으며, elemental sulfur의 생성량은 증가하였다. 또한 황화수소는 0.05M 이상의 착물 농도에서 효율적으로 제거되었다. pH에 따른 황화수소 산화반응에서 pH는 착물의 안정도에 중요한 인자이고 반응 중 최적 pH 범위는 8.5~9.5 이었다. [EDTA]/[Fe] 비가 증가할수록 황화수소 산화 반응의 전환량은 증가하였고 반응 중 EDTA 농도가 감소하면 FeS로 침전이 촉진되어 전환량은 감소하였다. 즉 EDTA 농도가 증가될수록 Fe-EDTA 착물이 안정되어 전환량이 증가하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

In order to establish optimum anesthesia concentration, we tested the efficacy of clove oil at five different concentrations in large sized (mean SL $17.1{\pm}2.21\;cm$) and small sized (mean SL $0.6{\pm}0.06\;cm$) dark-banded rockfish Sebastes inermis. Optimal anesthesia concentration for dark-banded rockfish was $150\;mgL^{-1}$ in both large and small sized fish. In general, fish exposed to higher anesthetic doses were rapidly induced but took longer to recover (P<0.05). Recovery time of small sized fish was longer than large sized fish in lower concentrations, while recovery time of large sized fish was longer than small sized fish in higher concentration (P<0.05). Using the established optimum aesthetic concentration, we evaluated the physiological response of dark-banded rockfish to clove oil by measuring plasma cortisol and glucose levels. Following administration of $150\;mgL^{-1}$ clove oil at $20^{\circ}C$ (optimum breeding temperature), plasma cortisol level was highest ($42.2{\pm}11.318{\mu}g/dL$) after 0 hour, while plasma glucose level was highest ($52.5{\pm}10.61\;mg/dL$) after 1 hour. Plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations required 6 and 2 hours, respectively, to return to pre-exposure levels.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.415-419
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• 2001

Bacillus subtilis WB700에서 P43 프로모터를 사용하여 staphylokinase를 생산하기 위하여 배지 최적화 및 회분식 배양과 유가식 배양 두가지 시스템을 비교하였다. 여러 가지 질소윈 중에서는 tryptone이 가장 좋은 질소원 이었으며, MSR 배지를 사용한 경우 tryptone 15 g/L일 경우에 최적조건임을 알아내었다. MSR 배지에시 포도당을 제한 기질로 사용할 경우는 5 g/L일 때가 SAK의 발현에 최적 조건이었다. MSR 배지를 기본으로 이용하여 포도당 공급을 조절함으로서 발효조 내의 DO를 30%로 유지한 결과 오히려 MSR 배지를 이용하여 회분식 발효를 한 경우보다 좋지 못한 결과를 얻었으며, 이는 B. subtilis 숙주의 영양요구적 특이성과 P43 promoter의 stress 발생시 주 발현되는 특성 등에 기인한 것이라고 사료된다. MSR 배지를 이용하여 회분식 발효를 하였을 때 SAK 활성은 2880 unit이었고, 이때 배지 내로 분비된 SAK 농도는 455 mg/L이었다.