• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_2
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• pp.793-810
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• 2022

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is considered to be suitable for near real-time inundation monitoring. The distinctly different intensity between water and land makes it adequate for waterbody detection, but the intrinsic speckle noise and variable intensity of SAR images decrease the accuracy of waterbody detection. In this study, we suggest two modules, named 'morphology module' and 'edge-enhanced module', which are the combinations of pooling layers and convolutional layers, improving the accuracy of waterbody detection. The morphology module is composed of min-pooling layers and max-pooling layers, which shows the effect of morphological transformation. The edge-enhanced module is composed of convolution layers, which has the fixed weights of the traditional edge detection algorithm. After comparing the accuracy of various versions of each module for U-Net, we found that the optimal combination is the case that the morphology module of min-pooling and successive layers of min-pooling and max-pooling, and the edge-enhanced module of Scharr filter were the inputs of conv9. This morphologic and edge-enhanced U-Net improved the F1-score by 9.81% than the original U-Net. Qualitative inspection showed that our model has capability of detecting small-sized waterbody and detailed edge of water, which are the distinct advancement of the model presented in this research, compared to the original U-Net.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.58-65
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the protease activity from fruit body of Sarcodon aspratus and its features. The specific protease activity was increased with the increasing purification steps, 2.62 times by desalting, 17 times by CMC column chromatography, 113.8 times by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography, and 728.3 times by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. Proteases were identified as two different enzymes having different isoelectric points at pH 4.35 (its recovery rate 8%) and pH 4.7 (its recovery rate 3.5%). Those proteases were purified by 3,025 folds and 3,257 folds in terms of specific activity. Two proteases having different isoelectric points had similar enzymatic properties. This protease was estimated to be 43,000 daltons of molecular weights by SDS-PAGE. This protease with optimum pH 4 was almost stable in the pH range of 4~7. Optimal temperature of protease activity was 40 to 50℃, and the protease activity was completely inhibited at 70℃ for 30 min.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.651-659
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different water temperatures (8, 11, 14 and 17℃) on growth, survival and hematological parameters of juvenile chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta) for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, at 14℃, the final body weights of the O. keta group were the highest compared to the other groups. Also, the O. keta showed a higher tendency in the 14℃ group than the 8, 11, and 17℃ groups in terms of growth performances, including specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), weight gain (WG), and condition factor (CF). The survival rate (SR) was 100% at 8 and 11℃ groups, 96% at 14℃ group and 98% at 17℃ group. In the plasma components, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly decreased at 17℃ group, whereas there was no significant change in the albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺) and chloride (Cl^-) levels. Among the whole-body composition of salmon, moisture, crude protein, and ash were not significantly affected by water temperature. However, crude lipid in the 8℃ group was significantly higher than in other water temperature groups. The results of this study demonstrated that the optimal temperature to stable growth performance for juvenile O. keta was 14℃.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2023

Conventionally, the seeds of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud. have been directly sown at the field without using the plug seedling method. Plug seedlings have the advantage of promoting germination and convenient transplanting. However, there is little information about propagation of R. glutinosa using the plug seedling method. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal seed rhizome length, diameter, and sowing direction of R. glutinosa for establishing the plug seedling method. Seed rhizome length and diameter were separated by 1, 2, 3 cm and 0.3-0.5, 0.6-1.0, 1.1-1.5 cm, respectively. And seed rhizomes were sown in vertical and horizontal directions. The survival rate in 1 cm length of seed rhizomes was lower than in other treatments. The leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, SPAD, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoot and roots were the greatest in 3 cm length of seed rhizomes. As the seed rhizome diameter decreased, the growth characteristics of R. glutinosa tended to increase. When R. glutinosa was sown horizontal direction, the leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and leaf area were significantly higher than in the vertical direction. In conclusion, when sowing seed rhizome in a plug tray, using a length of 3 cm, a diameter of less than 1 cm, and sowing in a horizontal direction is considered an appropriate sowing method for R. glutinosa.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2023

The remotely sensed data, such as satellite imagery and aerial photos, can be used to extract and detect some objects in the image through image interpretation and processing techniques. Significantly, the possibility for utilizing digital map updating and land monitoring has been increased through automatic object detection since spatial resolution of remotely sensed data has improved and technologies about deep learning have been developed. In this paper, we tried to extract plastic greenhouses into aerial orthophotos by using fully convolutional densely connected convolutional network (FC-DenseNet), one of the representative deep learning models for semantic segmentation. Then, a quantitative analysis of extraction results had performed. Using the farm map of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairsin Korea, training data was generated by labeling plastic greenhouses into Damyang and Miryang areas. And then, FC-DenseNet was trained through a training dataset. To apply the deep learning model in the remotely sensed imagery, instance norm, which can maintain the spectral characteristics of bands, was used as normalization. In addition, optimal weights for each band were determined by adding attention modules in the deep learning model. In the experiments, it was found that a deep learning model can extract plastic greenhouses. These results can be applied to digital map updating of Farm-map and landcover maps.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.151-158
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• 2023

The researchers entirely focused on meta-heuristic method for generalized assignment problem(GAP) that is known as NP-hard problem because of the optimal solution within polynomial time algorithm is unknown yet. On the other hand, this paper proposes a heuristic greedy algorithm with rules for finding solutions. Firstly, this paper reduces the weight matrix of original data to w_ij ≤ b_i/l in order to n jobs(items) pack m machines(bins) with l = n/m. The maximum profit of each job was assigned to the machine for the reduced data. Secondly, the allocation was adjusted so that the sum of the weights assigned to each machine did not exceed the machine capacity. Finally, the k-opt swap optimization was performed to maximize the profit. The proposed algorithm is applied to 50 benchmarking data, and the best known solution for about 1/3 data is to solve the problem. The remaining 2/3 data showed comparable results to metaheuristic techniques. Therefore, the proposed algorithm shows the possibility that rules for finding solutions in polynomial time exist for GAP. Experiments demonstrate that it can be a P-problem from an NP-hard.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2023

We aimed to develop outstanding domestic varieties suitable for both columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates, aiming to replace foreign varieties. and bred a high-quality new strain named 'Charmjon', using genetic resources collected from Japan and China. The optimal cultivation temperature for Charmjon's mycelial growth was found to be 25℃, and its mycelial growth at 15℃ and 25℃ was superior to the control variety. In terms of mycelial growth characteristics based on the substrate, Charmjon exhibited excellent mycelial strength on PDA medium compared to the control variety. Through columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates cultivation, we assessed the quantity and morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies. The results confirmed that Charmjon can be produced stably using both cultivation methods, and it showed higher yields and individual weights than the control variety. In addition, the color of the pileus was notably darker, and the shape of the pileus varied depending on the cultivation method. The test of genetic diversity revealed that Charmjon has distinct genetic characteristics compared to the control varieties.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the effect of various concentrations of Diniconazole (DC) on the growth and quality of grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings cultivated during the summer season. Concentrations of DC were set to 0 (non-treatment), 5, 10 and $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, were treated once 3 days after grafting. Rootstock of the seedlings was shorter in the DC $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment compared to the non-treatment, and the scions were significantly shorter in the DC $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment. Seedlings were significantly shorter in the DC $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment compared with the non-treatment. Leaf area was lower for seedlings subjected to all treatments than for seedlings in non-treatment group, and reduction was dose dependent. In particular, the DC $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment inhibited both leaf and stem growth. The fresh weighs of leaves and stems of the seedlings treated with DC $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the fresh weights of roots subjected to all treatments were significantly greater than those of the non-treatment seedlings. Dry weight per organs of the seedlings treated with DC $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was significantly greater that of the non-treatment seedlings, but the dry weight of leaves of seedling treated with DC $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was much less than that of the non-treatment seedlings. The T/R ratio of the seedlings was lower for all treatments than for the non-treatment. The relative growth rate of the seedlings was significantly lower in the DC $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment and, the leaf area rate of seedlings was lower in the DC $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment than in the non-treatment. Therefore, the optimal concentration of Dinoconazole used to produce a suitable grafted tomato seedling in the summer season is $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or less.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2004

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen content of irrigation water and soil EC on lettuce growth under plastic film house conditions. The square-pots with 42 x 54.5 x 22 cm in length, width and height, were filled with two different soils of different EC. Lettuce was grown with different nitrogen fertilizer application levels including non fertilization (Non-F), decrement of 50% of nitrogen fertilizer recommended by soil testing (DNFRST-50) and fertilization recommended by soil testing (FRST). Two kinds of irrigation water of different nitrogen contents, $6.6mg\;L^{-1}$ and $21.0mg\;L^{-1}$, were used for the experiment. In the low EC soil irrigated with low nitrogen water, fresh weights of lettuce were 6,733, 11,933 and $12,733kg\;ha^{-1}$ for the treatments of Non-F, DNFRST-50 and FRST, respectively. While with high nitrogen water, the yields were 9,733, 13,400 and $12,800kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. In the high EC soil irrigated with low nitrogen water, lettuce yields of the Non-F, DNFRST-50 and FRST treatments were 12,400, 12,867 and $10,400kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, and with high nitrogen irrigated water lettuce yields of the Non-F, DNFRST-50 and FRST treatments were 13,600, 14,067 and $10,733kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrogen uptake of lettuce from ferilizer in DNFRST-50 was higher than of FRST. Nitrogen uptake of lettuce from irrgation water was found in soils of low EC, but it was not found in soils of high EC. These results suggest that both soil EC and nitrogen content of irrigation water should be considered when we recommend the level of fertilizer application for lettuce.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.3 s.99
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• pp.417-428
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• 2005

Today, IT organizations perform projects with vision related to marketing and financial profit. The objective of realizing the vision is to improve the project performing ability in terms of QCD. Organizations have made a lot of efforts to achieve this objective through process improvement. Large companies such as IBM, Ford, and GE have made over $80\%$ of success through business process re-engineering using information technology instead of business improvement effect by computers. It is important to collect, analyze and manage the data on performed projects to achieve the objective, but quantitative measurement is difficult as software is invisible and the effect and efficiency caused by process change are not visibly identified. Therefore, it is not easy to extract the strategy of improvement. This paper measures and analyzes the project performance, focusing on organizations' external effectiveness and internal efficiency (Qualify, Delivery, Cycle time, and Waste). Based on the measured project performance scores, an OT (Opportunity Tree) model was designed for optimizing the project performance. The process of design is as follows. First, meta data are derived from projects and analyzed by quantitative GQM(Goal-Question-Metric) questionnaire. Then, the project performance model is designed with the data obtained from the quantitative GQM questionnaire and organization's performance score for each area is calculated. The value is revised by integrating the measured scores by area vision weights from all stakeholders (CEO, middle-class managers, developer, investor, and custom). Through this, routes for improvement are presented and an optimized improvement method is suggested. Existing methods to improve software process have been highly effective in division of processes' but somewhat unsatisfactory in structural function to develop and systemically manage strategies by applying the processes to Projects. The proposed OT model provides a solution to this problem. The OT model is useful to provide an optimal improvement method in line with organization's goals and can reduce risks which may occur in the course of improving process if it is applied with proposed methods. In addition, satisfaction about the improvement strategy can be improved by obtaining input about vision weight from all stakeholders through the qualitative questionnaire and by reflecting it to the calculation. The OT is also useful to optimize the expansion of market and financial performance by controlling the ability of Quality, Delivery, Cycle time, and Waste.