• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.291-310
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• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of extracts of Drynariae Rhizoma on the characteristics of rat calvaria cells(RCV) and bone marrow cells(RBM) which have the important role on the bone formation in vitro. Drynariae Rhizoma has been known as the useful herbal medicament for treatment of the wound healing including regeneration of bone fracture, and also has been used to treat the periodontal lesions, tooth mobility, gingival bleeding and pus discharge via sulcus in Oriental Medicine. In control group, the cells were cultured alone with Dulbeco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100U/ml penicillin, $100{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin, $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ amphotericin-B. In experimental group, extracts of Drynariae Rhizoma(0.1, 1, 5, 10, $50{\mu}g/ml$) were added into the above culture condition. And then each group was characterized by examing the cell proliferation at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30th day, the amount of total protein synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity of RCV at 2,4th day and those of RBM at 3, 6th day. And also, the calcified nodule of RCV was examed at 3, 5th day in three goup, control, experimental, culture with the PDGF group. The results were as follow ; 1. Both RCV and RBM cells in Drynariae Rhizoma-treated experimental group proliferated more rapidly than nontreated control group. The experimental group below $5{\mu}g/ml$ Drynariae Rhizoma-treated showed more prominent cell proliferation from the 7th day to the 21st day than the control group and above $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ treated group in RCV. 2. Amount of total protein synthesis was more increased in Drynariae Rhizomatreated group than in control group. In $5{\mu}g/ml$ Drynariae Rhizoma-treated group showed most prominent protein synthesis of the any other exrperimental group and control group. 3. Alkaline phosphatase activity also more increased in Drynariae Rhizomatreated group than control group. 4. Mineralized nodules in Drynariae Rhizoma-treated group were more than not in control group but also in PDGF-treated group. From the above results, Drynariae Rhizoma appeared to enhanced the proliferation, protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity and cellular ability of mineralized nodule formation than PDGF. So that, we conclude that Drynariae Rhizoma enhances the activities of bone cells which have the important role on the periodontal regeneration and optimal application of Drynariae Rhizoma was thought to be useful as the means in bone regeneration.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.532-540
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• 2015

Electrochemical alane ($AlH_3$) production process can be provided as a synthesis route which close a reversible cycle. In this study, growth inhibition of dendrite as key issues in this process was investigated. Main cause of dendrite growth was because Al fine powder separated in consumption process of Al electrode was moved to Pd electrode. In an effort to avoid this, use of glass block with uniform holes was the most effective to inhibit the amount of dendrite to that of $AlH_3$. Furthermore, effects of Al electrode (anode) type and electrolyte concentration were investigated and the optimal condition for inhibiting dendrite formation was proposed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.869-875
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal condition of the syngas production by reforming of propane using Gliding arc plasma reformer. The gliding arc plasma reformer in 3 phases has been newly designed and developed with a quick starting and fast response time. It can be applicable to the various types of fuels (Hydrocarbons $C_xH_y$), and it has a high conversion rate of fuels and high production of hydrogen. The parametric screening studies were carried out according to the changes of a steam feed amount i.e., steam/carbon ratio, total gas flow rate and input electric power. The optimum operating conditions were S/C ratio 2.8, total gas flow rate of 14 L/min and input electric power of 2.4 kW. The result of optimum operating conditions showed the 55 % $H_2$, 14 % CO, 15 % $CO_2$, 10 % $C_3H_8$ and 4 % $CH_4$. Also, $C_3H_8$ conversion, $H_2$ yield and $H_2$ selectivity were 90 %, 42 %, 15 %, respectively. The energy efficiency and specific energy requirements were 37 % and 334 kJ/mol respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.224-224
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• 2002

Chitin-degrading marine bacterial strain 98CJ11027 was isolated from bryozoa from the coastal area of Cheju Island, Korea, and identified as a member of the genus Vibrio. The molecular mass of the main extracellular chitinase (chitinase I), purified from strain 98CJ11027, was estimated to be 98 kDa. The optimal condition for chitinase I activity is pH 6.0 and 45℃. The activity was inhibited by $Fe^+2$ and$Cu^+2$. Chitinase I displayed the hydrolysis type of chitobiosidase and catalyzed reversed hydrolysis leading to the synthesis of tetraacetylchitotetraose.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.521-527
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• 2016

Nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) has been intensively studied for the treatment of a plethora of pollutants through reductive reaction, however, the nano size should be of concern when nZVI is considered for water treatment, due to difficulties in recovery. The loss of nZVI causes not only economical loss, but also potential risk to human health and environment. Thus, the immobilization onto coarse or structured support is essential. In this study, two representative processes for nZVI immobilization on granular activated carbon (GAC) were evaluated, and optimized conditions for synthesizing Fe/GAC composite were suggested. Both total iron content and $Fe_0$ content can be significantly affected by preparation processes, therefore, it was important to avoid oxidation during preparation to achieve higher reduction capacity. Synthesis conditions such as reduction time and existence of intermediate drying step were investigated to improve $Fe_0$ content of Fe/GAC composites. The optimal condition was two hours of $NaBH_4$ reduction without intermediate drying process. The prepared Fe/GAC composite showed synergistic effect of the adsorption capability of the GAC and the degradation capability of the nZVI, which make this composite a very effective material for environmental remediation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 1984

To produce inulase from Kluyveromyces fragilis No.351 using Jerusalem artichoke tuber extract, optimization of the condition was conducted. As results, the optimal concentration of artichoke tuber extract was 3.5 % and bactocasitone showed better production than yeast extract. The optimal temperature and pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 5.5, respectively. The addition of $NH_4H_2PO_4$ increased the enzyme production. Inulase synthesis was growth-associated and the enzyme production increased as concentration of dissolved oxygen increased. A higher quantity of industrial grade inulase was prepared by the combination of ultrafiltration and ethanol precipitation with 72% recovery.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2006

Synthesis of Boehmite particles were performed through the precipitation of aluminium nitrate ($Al_{3}(NO_{3})_3{\cdot}9H_{2}O$) with ammonia water ($NH_{4}OH$) by changing solution pH, mixing procedure, temperature, and feeding flux. The influence of the synthesis condition, which affected on the pH range of the Boehmite formation, particle morphology and pore property, was investigated. The Boehmite particles were formed in the reaction solution of pH 7.5~9. The particles prepared by P2jet type which maintained the pH uniformly during the precipitation resulted in homogeneous particles and pores because of the constant concentration of the reacted ion in the solution. It was resulted in the improvement of the specific surface area and pore volume of the particle at the same time. With the increasing of temperature and the decreasing of the feeding flux, it was occurred the large specific surface area and pore volume. Also it was presented the fibrillar shaped particles upper $60^{\circ}C$ of the reaction temperature. In this study, the optimal condition of the porous Boehmite was in P2jet type with $90^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature and 2.5 mL/min of the feeding flux. At this time, the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size was $385.46m^2/g$, 1.0252 mL/g, 10 nm, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.739-746
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• 2008

The aim of this study is finding the optimal design parameters and the optimal operation variables of a reactive distillation column. Different from steady state optimization, dynamic optimization makes it possible considering operation ability as well as design problems at process design step. For performing dynamic optimization, dynamic simulation should be done first. If dynamic simulation is already finished, dynamic optimization can be performed with less effort than that of dynamic simulation.Reactive distillation systems involving reaction and separation in a single unit have the potential to reduce capital and operating costs, particularly when reaction have conversion constraint or when azeotropes exist making conventional separation difficult and expensive. This study here present work on the continuous distillation process, the homogeneous catalyzed esterification of methanol and acetic acid, the synthesis of methyl acetate. Based on an equilibrium stage model of a reactive distillation column a dynamic optimization problem was formulated and solved. And the results were verified by performing dynamic simulation and showing the variation of conversion and purity as the variation of the operation variables. As the results of dynamic optimization, this study found optimal feed ratio, reflux ratio and reboiler duty of this system. And as this study applied it to dynamic simulations the dynamic characteristics of a reactive distillation column are showed under optimal operating condition.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of geosmin production of Anabaena circinalis under different environmental condition. The test cyanobacterium was isolated from Lake Paldang. The growth rate and geosmin production of A. circinalis were examined with different variables including temperature (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$), light intensity (60, 120, $240{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), and phosphorus concentration (0.01, 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, $1.00mg\;L^{-1}$). The highest growth rate and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration appeared at $25^{\circ}C$, $60{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and $1.00mgP\;L^{-1}$ for temperature, light intensity, and P concentration, respectively. Total geosmin production was highest at the optimal growth condition of each variable, while chlorophyll-specific geosmin production (the ratio of geosmin to Chl-a) was higher at the less favorable growth condition, indicating high potential of the off-flavor problem during low temperature period, e.g., late fall and early winter. Our results demonstrated that geosmin production of A. circinalis was directly related to chlorophyll synthesis and varied with cellular growth condition.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2001

In this study, we synthesized bead-type GMA-DVB copolymer using glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) with high reactivity and hydrophilicity. Macrorecticular anion exchanger containing the trimethylammonium group were then prepared by amination with trimethylammonium chloride. We observed that the size of $NO_3^-$ is smaller than that of $SO_4^{2-}$ which disturb $NO_3^-$ removal in most of coexistent anions in ground water. Thus we investigated selective affinity for $NO_3^-$ and properties of individual ion exchangers with various DVB content. For each resins, we confirmed formation of copolymer by FT-IR spectrometer and investigated ion exchange capacity, swelling ratio, the amination yield and the effect with degree of crosslinking on adsorbability for nitrate. When amount of DVB is 4 wt%, amination yield, ion exchange capacity and swelling ratio was 384.3%, 3.25 meq/g and 77.1%, respectively. In these result, it can found that synthetic optimal condition is 4 wt% DVB content for monomer.