• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.1910-1920
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• 2007

This paper deals with the optimal evaluation algorithms for voltage regulation in the case where new dispersed generations(DG) are operated in distribution systems. It is very difficult and complicated to handle the interconnection issues for proper voltage managements, because professional skills and enormous amounts of data for the evaluations are required. The typical evaluation algorithms mainly depending on human ability and quality of data acquired, inevitably cause the different results for the same issue, so unfair and subjective evaluations are unavoidable. In order to overcome these problems, the paper proposes reasonable and general algorithms based on the standard model system and proper criterion, which offers the fair and objective evaluations in any case. The proposed algorithms are divided by two main themes. One is an optimal algorithm for the voltage control of multiple voltage regulators in order to deliver suitable voltage to as many customers as possible, and the other is a proper evaluation algorithm for the voltage management at normal and emergency conditions. The results from a case study show that the proposed methods can be a practical tool for the voltage management in distribution systems including dispersed sources.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

In this paper, an optimal approach for the wide-area regulation of control devices in a transmission network is proposed. In order to realize an improved voltage profile and reduced power loss, existing devices such as tap-changing transformers, synchronous machines, and capacitor banks should be controlled in a coordinated and on-line manner. It is well-understood that phasor measurement units in transmission substations allow the system operators to access the on-line loading and operation status of the network. Accordingly, this study proposes efficient software applications that can be employed in area operation centers. Thus, the implanted control devices can be regulated in an on-line and wide-area coordinated approach. In this process, efficient objective functions are devised for both voltage profile improvement and power loss reduction. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the best weighting factors for these objectives. Extensive numerical studies are conducted on an IEEE 14-bus test system and a real-world system named the Azarbayjan Regional Transmission Network. The obtained results are discussed in detail to highlight the promising improvements.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1261-1268
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• 2013

This study proposes a voltage and reactive coordinative control strategy with distributed generator (DG) in a distribution power system. The aim is to determine the optimum dispatch schedules for an on-load tap changer (OLTC), distributed generator settings and all shunt capacitor switching on the load and DG generation profile in a day. The proposed method minimizes the real power losses and improves the voltage profile using squared deviations of bus voltages. The results indicate that the proposed method reduces the real losses and voltage fluctuations and improve receiving power factor. This paper proposes coordinated voltage and reactive power control methods that adjust optimal control values of capacitor banks, OLTC, and the AVR of DGs by using a voltage sensitivity factor (VSF) and dynamic programming (DP) with branch-and-bound (B&B) method. To avoid the computational burden, we try to limit the possible states to 24 stages by using a flexible searching space at each stage. Finally, we will show the effectiveness of the proposed method by using operational cost of real power losses and voltage deviation factor as evaluation index for a whole day in a power system with distributed generators.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2016

In order to maintain customer voltages within allowable limit($220{\pm}13V$) as much as possible, tap operation strategy of SVR(Step Voltage Regulator) installed in distribution system is very important, considering the scheduled delay time(30 sec) of SVR. However, the compensation of BESS(Battery Energy Storage System) during the delay time of SVR is being required because the customer voltages in distribution system interconnected with PV(Photovoltaic) system have a difficultly to be kept within allowable limit. Therefore, this paper presents the optimal voltage stabilization method in distribution system by using coordination operation algorithm between BESS and SVR. It is confirmed that customer voltage in distribution system can be maintained within allowable limit($220{\pm}13V$).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(한일합동학술편); 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.741-746
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• 1987

Solar cell which transforms the light energy into the electric energy from Sun comes into prominence as a new energy for next generation. However, it is difficult to obtain the stable output voltage and current from the solar cell due to the uncertainty in weather conditions, etc, In the present paper, two types of control laws are considered for regulating the input voltage in a photovoltaic energy storage system such as the system with the super conducting magnetic energy storage. (1) Oone is the design of optimal controller. (2) The other is that of weighted minimum prediction error controllers (weighted one-step ahead controllers). Simulation study for the above controllers is performed to see how they work and to get preliminary knowledge in the regulation of the input voltage to the experimental photovoltaic energy storage system.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.1103-1111
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• 1999

STACOM will be utilized to control substation voltage in the near future. Although STACOM shows good voltage regulation performance owing to its rapid and continuous response, it needs additional reactive power compensation device to keep control margin for emergency such as fault. ULTC transformer is one of good candidates. This paper presents a Kohonen Neural Network (KNN) based coordination control scheme of ULTC transformer and STACOM. In this paper, the objective function of the coordination control is minimization of both STACOM output and the number of switchings of ULTC transformer while maintaining substation voltage magnitude to the predefined constant value. This coordination, control is performed based on reactive load trend of the substation and KNN which offers optimal tap position in view of STACOM output minimization. The input variables of KNN are active and reactive power of the substation, current tap position, and current STACOM output. The KNN is trained by effective Iterative Condensed Nearest Neighbor (ICNN) rule. This coordination control applied to IEEE 14 bus system and shows satisfactory results.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제4A권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2004

In this paper, the on-line volt/var control algorithms of the Load Tap Changer (LTC) transformer and Shunt Capacitor (SC) are proposed for distribution volt/var compensation. In the existing volt/var control of the distribution substation, the feeder voltage and reactive power demand of the distribution are mainly controlled by the LTC transformer tap position and on/off operation of the Sc. It is very difficult to maintain volt/var at the distribution networks within the satisfactory levels due to the discrete operation characteristics of the LTC and SC. In addition, there is the limitation of the LTC and SC operation times, which affects their functional lifetimes. The proposed volt/var control algorithm determines an optimal tap position of the LTC and on/off status of the SC at a distribution substation with multiple connected feeders. The mathematical equations of the proposed method are introduced. A simple case study is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.5-8
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• 2004

최근 생활수준의 향상과 정보통신 산업의 급속한 발전으로 인하여 전세계적으로 전력품질에 대한 관심이 높아져, 각종 전력품질 개선장치로부터 최적 공급시스템에 이르기까지 다양한 각도에서 전력품질을 향상하기 위한 연구개발이 수행되고 있으며, 특히 정보통신기기 및 정밀제어기기 등의 보급증가로 전압품질에 대한 관심이 높아져가고 있다. 지금까지 배전계통의 전압관리는 배 전용변전소 ULTC(Under Load Tap Changer)와 고압배전선로의 주상변압기에 의해 조정되어 왔으며 최근에 고압배전선로의 전압강하가 5%를 초과하는 선로에 대한 효율적 전압관리를 위해 선로전압조정장치(SVR- Step Voltage Regulator)가 도입되고 있다. 그러나 배 전용변전소와 고압배전선로의 선로전압 조정장치가 서로 독립적으로 운용되고 있기 때문에 선로전압조정장치의 효율성이 떨어지고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 배 전용변전소와 선로전압조정장치의 ULTC 송출전압의 최적 전압조정을 위한 협조운용 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

최근 생활수준의 향상과 정보통신 산업의 급속한 발전으로 인하여 전세계적으로 전력품질에 대한 관심이 높아져, 각종 전력품질 개선장치로부터 최적 공급시스템에 이르기까지 다양한 각도에서 전력품질을 향상하기 위한 연구개발이 수행되고 있으며, 특히 정보통신기기 및 정밀제어기기 등의 보급증가로 전압품질에 대한 관심이 높아져가고 있다. 지금까지 배전계통의 전압관리는 배전용 변전소 ULTC(Under Load Tap Changer)와 고압배전선로의 주상변압기에 의해 조정되어 왔으며 최근에 고압배전선로의 전압강하가 $5\%$를 초과하는 선로에 대한 효율적 전압관리를 위해 선로전압조정장치(SVR- Step Voltage Regulator)가 도입되고있다. 그러나 배전용 변전소 ULTC와 고압배전선로의 SVR이 서로 독립적으로 운용되고 있기 때문에 SVR의 효율성이 멀어지고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 변전소 ULTC와 SVR 송출전압의 최적 전압조정을 위한 협조운용 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2009년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.834-836
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• 2009

The authors have been discussed the optimal voltage regulation method and on-line real time method using artificial neural networks in the distribution system interconnected with Distributed Generation and Storage(DSG) systems. However, these methods have difficulty in dealing with the random load variations and operation characteristics of a number of DSG systems. To overcome these problems, this paper shows the basic concepts of smart grid system which is considered as one of the power delivery system in the near future and presents an evaluation method on the impacts of customer voltages by the operation of smart grid system. The smart grid system can change the system configuration in a flexible manner by using the static switches and offer the different power qualities in power services through the power quality control centers.