• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.499-508
• /
• 2008

Frequency regulation in off-normal conditions has been an important problem in electric power system design/operation and is becoming much more significant today due to the increasing size, changing structure and complexity of interconnected power systems. Increasing economic pressures for power system efficiency and reliability have led to a requirement for maintaining power system frequency closer to nominal value. This paper presents a decentralized frequency control framework using a modified low-order frequency response model containing a proportional-integral(PI) controller. The proposed framework is suitable for near-normal and emergency operating conditions. An $H_{\infty}$ control technique is applied to achieve optimal PI parameters, and an analytic approach is used to analyse the system frequency response for wide area operating conditions. Time-domain simulations with a multi-area power system example show that the simulated results agree with those predicted analytically.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2011

Both an optimal design of the engine operating strategy and fuel economy prediction technique for a HEV under the vehicle driving condition are very crucial for the development of vehicle fuel economy performance. Thus, in this study, engine operating characteristics of PRIUS III were analyzed with vehicle running conditions and the correlations between vehicle tractive power and fuel consumption were introduced. As a result, fuel economy performance of PRIUS III with various test modes were predicted and verified. Errors of predicted fuel economy were between -5% and -1%.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2003

Rail breaks and derailments can cause a huge loss to rail players due to loss of service, revenue, property or even life. Maintenance has huge impact on reliability and safety of railroads. It is important to identify factors behind rail degradation and their risks associated with rail breaks and derailments. Development of mathematical models is essential for prediction and prevention of risks due to rail and wheel set damages, rail breaks and derailments. This paper addresses identification of hazard modes, estimation of probability of those hazards under operating, curve and environmental condition, probability of detection of potential hazards before happening and severity of those hazards for informed strategic decisions. Emphasis is put on optimal maintenance and operational decisions. Real life data is used for illustration.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.296-302
• /
• 1999

The state of the art of the 2-stage swirl calciner is to make 2-stage counter gas flow in a calciner with cooler hot air. Gas flow in the calciner increases retention time of raw mix particles. Simple structure of the 2-stage swirl calciner operated optimally the rotary cement kiln. In this study, in order to decide the entrance type of the cooler air of the optimal calciner model, an entrance cooler air velocity, the input points of raw mix were analyzed in many aspects with cold model experiment and computational fluidized dynamic simulation. It was found that the entrance type of cooler air fully splite 2-stage for the optimal condition of the cold model calciner. The operation conditions were that the input feeding, the cooler air velocity and the air velocity of throat were 0.33kg/$\textrm m$3$, 15m/s and 20m/s respectively. The performance of 150 t/d the pilot plant connected with the kiln rising duct was that volume capacity of the calciner is over 430 kg/$\textrm m$3$-h, decarbonation rate of raw mix apparently 90%, heat consumption 950 kcal/kg-cli and retention time of raw mix 2.4 sec. Its the best operating condition is cooler air velocity 18m/s, the gas velocity of throat 25m/s, feeding rate of raw mix 10t/h. The operating experience of the pilot plant confirmed the success of scale up for over 3000 t-cli/d.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 1993

노내계측기 신호로부터 노심평균 축방향 출력분포를 얻기위해 5차의 Fourier series 합성법이 노심감시계통 (COLSS)에 이용되고 있다. 이 방법은 단순하고 계산이 빠르기 때문에 실시간 계산에 이용된다. 이러한 합성법은 Fourier series 차수 및 축방향 경계조건에 따라 정확도가 달라진다. 노심감시계통에서는 현재 축방향으로 5개의 고정 노내계측기를 이용하고 있으므로 5차의 Fourier series 합성법을 적용하고 있다. 따라서 축방향 경계조건은 노심감시계통의 계산결과에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 적절히 결정되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 영광 3,4호기를 대상으로 4가지의 축방향 경계조건 (axial buckling=0.75, 0.8, 0.9와 1.0)을 살펴보았다. 최적의 축방향 경계조건을 결정하기 위해 노심평균 축방향 출력분포와 운전여유도를 각 경우에 대해 비교하였다. 비교결과 최적의 축방향 경계조건은 axial buckling이 0.9인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2012년도 제38회 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.586-591
• /
• 2012

군산 복합화력 발전소에서 운용중인 가스터빈 엔진의 정비 의사 결정을 지원하기 위한 솔루션을 개발하였다. 솔루션은 온라인 상태감시, 기간별 성능 경향분석, 최적 압축기 세정주기 분석, 고온부품 관리 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 운용자가 엔진의 상태 분석 결과를 쉽게 모니터하고 그에 따른 정비의사를 결정할 수 있도록 GUI 플랫폼을 적용하였다. 온라인 상태감시 모듈에서는 기준 성능 대비 실시간 계측데이터의 차이를 분석하여 엔진의 성능저하율을 가시적으로 제시한다. 최적 압축기 세정주기 분석 모듈에서는 경제성 평가 알고리즘을 통해 정비 소요 비용과 성능 저하에 따른 비용 손실의 분석을 통해 순이익이 최대가 되는 세정주기를 제시한다. 엔진의 상태 및 주요 정보를 종합적으로 분석하여 제공함으로써 최적 정비 및 운용이 가능하도록 의사 결정을 지원한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2018

Fuel cells are used to generate electricity with a reformer. In particular, methanol has various advantages among the fuels for reformer. Methanol steam reformer devices can efficiently supply hydrogen to PEM fuel cell. This study investigated the optimal operation conditions of a methanol steam reforming process. For this purpose, aspen HYSYS was used for the optimization of reforming process. The optimal operating condition could be designed by setting independent variables such as temperature, pressure and steam to carbon ratio (SCR). The optimal temperature and steam to carbon ratio were $250-270^{\circ}C$ and 1.3-1.5, respectively. It is advantageous to operate at a pressure of 15-20 barg, considering the performance of the hydrogen purifier. In addition, a heat exchange network was designed to supply heat constantly to reformer through the latent heat of steam.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.493-500
• /
• 2017

본 논문은 서울도시철도공사 유피스 내 전동차관리 고장데이타(BOM)을 통해 지속적으로 관리된 데이터를 활용하여 노후 철도차량부품의 신뢰성분석을 하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석대상인 서울도시철도공사 7호선 2차분 보조전원장치(Static Inverter)는 객실 내 각종 서비스장치에 전원을 공급하여 직접적으로 승객 만족도에 영향을 주는 핵심적인 장치이다. 경영정보시스템의 장기간에 걸친 필드데이타를 바탕으로 고장의 패턴을 분석하기 위해 운용환경 스트레스 인자를 고려한 통계 신뢰성분석을 하였다. 보조전원장치(Static Inverter)의 하절기 집중고장현상과 관련하여 고장과 온도 스트레스인자와의 상관성에 대해 통계적 분석을 하였고 IGBT 인버터의 수명분석을 통하여 수리 전 후의 온도 스트레스 인자의 영향을 분석해 보았다. 그리고 전동차 부하량과 외기온도의 두 변수를 고려한 최적운행조건을 분석하여 고장다수 발생조건과의 냉각용량차이가 발생함을 확인할 수 있었고, 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 최적의 운행을 위한 냉각용량차이를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.577-582
• /
• 2002

Selective catalytic reduction and selective non-catalytic reduction processes are mainly used to treat nitrogen oxidants generated from fossil-fuel combustion. Especially, the selective non-catalytic reduction process can be operated more economical and designed more simply than the selective catalytic reduction. For this reason, many researchers carried out to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen oxidants in the condition of low oxygen concentration by using the selective non-catalytic reduction process. However, this study was flue gas contained high oxygen concentration of 20(v/v%) with ammonia as a reducing agent. Moreover, it carried out experiment with many factors that are reaction temperature, retention time, initial NO concentration, NSR(normalized stoichiometric ratio). It was determined optimal operating conditions to improve NO removal efficiency with SNCR process. The De-NOx efficiency was increased with NSR, initial NO concentration and retention time increasement. This study has NO removal efficiency over 80% in the high oxygen concentration as well as low oxygen concentration. The injection of reducing agent may be considered for SNCR process and facility operation in 850$\^{C}$ of optimal condition.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.118-138
• /
• 1981

In many response surface optimization problems for industrial processes, there are more than two responses of interest, and we want to find the optimal levels of the factors that influence the responses. This paper is to propose how to set up the desirability functions to find the optimum for a given set of data, and to propose how to analyse the data and the desirability functions to determine an optimal operating condition for the factors. To implement the proposed method in practice, a FORTRAN computer program was written and explained. Finally, an industrial example is illustrated to explain the proposed technique and the source list of the computer program is attached for the users.