• 전기의세계
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.47-51
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• 1979

An optimal problem in which the dynamics is nonlinear and the cost functional includes a discontinuous integrand is investigated. By using Neustadt's abstract maximum principle, a necessary conditions in the form of Pontryagin's maximum principle is derived and it is further shown that this necessary condition is also a sufficient condition for normal problems with linear-in-the-state systems.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 1997

In order to make natural food color from Gardenia, we investigated optimal conditions of color extraction, and thermal stability and light stability of color extracted compared with Yellow-4. In case of ethanol extraction, optimal conditions for color extraction were substrate 10%, 4$0^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and 42rs, respectively. In case of water extraction, optimal conditions for color extraction were substrate 10%, 7$0^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and 48hrs, respectively. Extraction yield in the optimal conditions was 75% in ethanol and 63% in water. The thermal stability and light stability of Yellow-4 were both upper 98%, but those of Gardenia yellow color were 62 and 90%, respectively.

• IE interfaces
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1996

Quality of injection molded parts is dependent on both mold design and processing conditions. From the mold design point of view, an optimal shrinkage should be used to compensate the shrinkage of molded parts. From the processing point of view, it is important to analyze the priority of processing conditions because a number processing conditions affect the quality of molded parts. Processing analysis employing the design of experiment was performed, and the shrinkage of molded part was considered as a characteristic parameter to improve the quality. As the result of the analysis of variance on SN ratio of a characteristic value, injection speed and bolding pressure were selected as two effective process parameters. Regression analysis on shrinkage and processing conditions was carried out, and an optimal processing condition was obtained by the response surface analysis. Shrinkage at the optimal condition could be used to reduce the number of try-cut at the step of mold making. The ranges of indirect control parameter, such as maximum cavity pressure or weight, measured at the optimal processing condition were used for monitoring the quality of molded parts in process.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.299-310
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• 2016

In practical wireless relay communication systems, non-destination nodes are assumed to be idle not receiving signals while the relay sends messages to a particular destination node, which results in reduced bandwidth efficiency. To improve the bandwidth efficiency, we relax the idle assumption of non-destination nodes and assume that non-destination nodes may receive signals from sources. We note that the message relayed to a particular node in such a system gives rise to interference to other nodes. To study such a more general relay system, we consider, in this paper, a relay system in which the relay first listens to the source, then routes the source message to the destination, and finally produces interference to the destination in sending messages for other systems. We obtain capacity upper and lower bounds and study the optimal method to deal with the interference as well as the optimal routing schemes. From analytic results obtained, we find the conditions on which the direct transmission provides higher transmission rate. Next, we find the conditions, by numerical evaluation of the theoretical results, on which it is better for the destination to cancel and decode the interference. Also we find the optimal source power allocation scheme that achieves the lower bound depending on various channel conditions. We believe that the results provided in this paper will provide useful insights to system designers in strategically choosing the optimal routing algorithms depending on the channel conditions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1419-1423
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for planning an optimal path to capture a moving object by a mobile robot in real-time. The direction and rotational angular velocity of the moving object are estimated using the Kalman filter, a state estimator. It is demonstrated that the moving object is tracked by using a 2-DOF active camera mounted on the mobile robot and then captured by a mobile manipulator. The optimal path to capture the moving object is dependent on the initial conditions of the mobile robot, and the real-time planning of the robot trajectory is definitely required for the successful capturing of the moving object. Therefore the algorithm that determines the optimal path to capture a moving object depending on the initial conditions of the mobile robot and the conditions of a moving object is proposed in this paper. For real-time implementation, the optimal representative blocks have been utilized for the experiments to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.186-190
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for planning an optimal path to capture a moving object by a mobile robot in real-time. The direction and rotational angular velocity of the moving object are estimated using the Kalman filter, a state estimator. It is demonstrated that the moving object is tracked by using a 2-DOF active camera mounted on the mobile robot and then captured by a mobile manipulator. The optimal path to capture the moving object is dependent on the initial conditions of the mobile robot, and the real-time planning of the robot trajectory is definitely required for the successful capturing of the moving object. Therefore the algorithm that determines the optimal path to capture a moving object depending on the initial conditions of the mobile robot and the conditions of a moving object is proposed in this paper. For real-time implementation, the optimal representative blocks have been utilized for the experiments to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1998

An experimental study has been carried out to obtain optimal conditions for turbulent mixing of two fluid streams at various angle branches by a flow visualization method. The main purpose of this study is the utilization of flow visualization method as a fast and efficient way to find the optimal mixing conditions when several flow control parameters are superimposed. It is verified that the optimal conditions estimated by flow visualization method have good agreement with the concentration field measurements. The results demonstrate that the diameter ratio is mainly attributed to the mixing phenomena than the branch pipe angle and the Reynolds number. The most striking fact is that there exists the best diameter ratio, d/D.ident. O.17, which requires the minimum momentum ratio in the range of the present experiment. The velocity ratio for the optimal mixing condition has a value within 2 to 16 according to the different flow parameters.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 1995

Bacillus licheniformis SSA3 can produce a dark-brown antimutagenic pigment. The optimal conditions for production of this pigment are reached at 0.1% tyrosine, in pH 6-8, within 7-9 days, at $30^{\circ}C$, and in aerobic condition. We cloned a DNA fragment involved in pigment synthesis from Bacillus licheniformis SSA3 using a mutant strain. The cloned DNA was 7kb in size, which can produce the same pigment even in E. coli.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

The Chunma requires a simple pre-treatment, due to the inconveniences of preservation, toxicities, and pungencies in intact state. Various steaming conditions were examined to establish the anti-oxidative characteristics of Chunma using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Total phenolics and electron-donating ability were optimal at 94.43 and $101.67^{\circ}C$ for 42.38 and 41.09 min, respectively. Anti-oxidative (Al) and nitrite-scavenging ability were optimal at $100^{\circ}C$ for 40 min. Optimal steaming conditions were determined as 96{\sim}107{\circ}C$ for $28{\sim}46min$ min, almost identical to the predicted conditions of $100^{\circ}C$, 40 min determined using the superimposed contour map. Anti-oxidative activities (AI) under the optimal conditions were $95.9%{\sim}115.6%$ of those determined under predicted conditions, an indication of the high reliability of the calculated values.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.1527-1534
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• 2007

This paper proposes a new concept of optimal governor-response power flow (OGPF) to obtain an optimal set of control parameters when the systems are in mid-term conditions after disturbances, ignoring the system dynamics. The idea of GOPF simply comes from the attempt to find an optimal solution of the governor-response power flow (GPF), which is a pre-exiting tool that is used to get power flow solutions that would exist several seconds after an event is applied. GPF incorporates the simplified model of governors in the systems into the power flow equations. This paper explains the concept of OGPF and depicts the OGPF formulation and application of a nonlinear interior point method as the solution technique. Also, this paper includes an example with New England 39-bus test system to illustrate the effectiveness of GOPF.