• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.386-389
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• 1996

We report on comparative results obtained from harmonically mode-locked laser operations of ring-type and figure-of-eight(F8) type erbium-doped fiber lasers by using a directional-coupler type electro-optic modulator as an active mode-locker. The mode-locked and transform-limited pulses of 10.6 ps width were obtained at harmonics of the fundamental cavity frequency with the F8 type laser while mode-locked laser pulses greater than 15 ps were achieved with the ring type laser.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 1997

A new, simple lasing loop configuration employing a fiber grating was proposed and demonstrated for all-optical gain control of erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The lasing loop was designed such that the fiber grating acts as a notch filter to cutoff the lasing light as well as selects the lasing wavelength. The operating gain was clamped to the same level as the loop loss and it could be varied with a tunable directional coupler in the loop. It is believed that this type of gain-controlled erbiumdoped fiber amplifier can have several advantages when used in wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission systems.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.152-153
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• 2001

파장 가변형 광 필터와 파장 선택형 광 스위치는 파장분할다중 광통신 및 광 교환 시스템을 구현하는데 매우 중요한 소자들 중의 하나이다. 특히 음향광학효과를 이용한 파장 가변형 광 필터(AOTF ： Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter)는 150nm 이상의 넓은 파장 가변범위, 1.5nm이하의 좁은 통과대역폭, 수 $\mu\textrm{s}$ 정도의 비교적 빠른 스위칭 속도 그리고 여러 개의 파장 채널을 동시에 선택할 수 있는 장점들을 가지고 있지만, 한편으로 표면 음향파(SAW： Surface Acoustic Wave) 구동에 필요한 RF 파워와 부 모드 (sidelobe)가 비교적 크다는 단점 때문에 실용화에 많은 제약을 받아왔다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.97-100
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• 2002

We analyzed the excitation coefficients and the extinction ratio as a function of waveguide width, center to center distance, and angle of input waveguide for a directional coupler. The variation of thc difference between excitation coefficients is similar to that of the extinction ratio. Also, the smaller the difference between those is, the better the extinction ratio is. This concept will have application to devices using optical coupling.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.256-263
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• 2002

Optical Multistage Interconnection Networks(OMINs) comprising photonic switches have been studied extensively as important interconnecting building blocks for communication networks and parallel computing systems. A basic element of photonic switching networks is a 2$\times$2 directional coupler with two inputs and two outputs. This paper is concerned with the diagnosis of cross-talk-faults in OMINs. As the size of today's network becomes very large, the conventional diagnosis methods based on tests and simulation have become inefficient, or even more, impractical. In this paper, we propose a simple and easily implementable algorithm for detection and isolation of the single crosstalk-fault in OMINs. Specifically, we develope an algorithm fur the isolation of the source fault in switching elements whenever the single crosstalk-fault is detected in OMINS. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example of 16$\times$16 banyan network.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.11
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• pp.18-26
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• 1999

Recently, various simplified simulation techniques such as firite-difference beam propagation method and non-orthogonal coupled-mode theory have proposed to analyze the optical characteristics of tapered directional couplers supported by the coupling of two propagating modes. Although these approaches are often in sufficiently accurate, they do not provide the detailed solutions encountered in the analysis of tapered guiding structures. For this purpose, we introduce and utilize a newly developed modal transmission-line theory to analyze rigorously power transfer of the directional coupler. The numerical result reveals that the propagation constants of even and odd modes converge to a single value as increasing the spacer thickness between two symmetric tapered guides. Furthermore, 97% of the power incident into a guiding channel is transmitted to the other channel at the tapered angle ${\theta}=0.1^{\circ}$, and the efficiency of power transfer decreases dramatically as increasing the angle.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1997

We demonstrate the operating characteristics(center wavelength, bandwidth, TE/TM polarization, tuning range) of grating-assisted co-directional coupler(GACC) filter fabricated with InGaAsP compound semiconductor. A design of waveguide structure has been focused on the narrow bandwidth characteristics of the filter. Reactive ion etching technique was employed for the uniform waveguide formation. The bandwidths(FWHM) and center wavelengths of the fabricated GACC filter were measured by 1.5 nm and 1530.6 nm for TE polarization and 1.3 nm and 1494.0 nm for TM polarization. This is the one of the narrowest bandwidth at 1530 nm region ever reported. The center wavelength shifted form 1530 nm to 1538 nm when the current of 100 mA was injected at 4.5 mm-long device. Good agreement between the designed and measured operating characteristics for some waveguide structures is demonstrated.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 1991

A fiber-optic magnetic sensor system for the detection of small ac magnetic field(200Hz-2 kHz) was constructed. Magnetic field sensing part was fabricated by bonding a section of optical fiber to amorphous metallic glass(2605SC) having large magnetostriction effect. And with the directional coupler, all fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer was constructed to measure the variation of the external magnetic field by translating it into the optical phase shift in the interferometer. The signal fading problem of the interferometer, which is due to random phase drifts originated from the environment, i.e., temperature fluctuation, vibrations, etc., was elliminated by feedback phase compensation. This allows the sensitivity to be maintained at the maximum by keeping the interferometer in quadrature phase condition. The frequency response of metallic glass was found to be nearly flat in the range of 90 Hz-2 kHz and dc bias field for the maximum ac response was 3.5 Oe. The interferometer output showed good linearity over the range $\pm$0.5 Oe. For 1 kHz ac magnetic field the scale factor S and the minimum detectable magnetic field were measured to be 8.0 rad/Oe and $3X10^{-6} Oe/\sqrt{Hz}$at 1 Hz detection bandwidth respectively.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2004

We show that the extinction ratio is improved using slight asymmetry in two core refractive indices of polarization independent very short vertical directional couplers with the double-sided deep-ridge (DSDR) waveguide structure. The optimum asymmetry with the maximum extinction ratio and the tolerance of the refractive index of core with the extinction ratio larger 1ha]1 30 ㏈ increase as the thickness of inner cladding layer and the two cores decrease due to the increase of the coupling strength between the two cores. Also, the device length and the tolerance of the device length with the extinction ratio larger than 30 ㏈ decrease as the thickness of the inner cladding layer and the two cores decrease due to the increase of the coupling strength between the two cores. We show that polarization independent vertical directional couplers with the DSDR waveguide structure with the device length less than 100 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the extinction ratio larger than 30 ㏈ could be implemented.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

We have experimentally observed and theoretically analyzed the gain dependent optimum repetition rates of a hybrid-type active and passive mode locked laser pulses in an erbium-doped fiber laser of the figure-of-eight geometry by utilizing a nonlinear amplifier loop mirror (NALM) as a saturable absorber and a directional-coupler type electro-optic modulator as an active mode locker. Transform-limited mode-locked pulses of about 10 ps width were obtained at repetition rates which correspond to harmonics of the cavity fundamental frequency and depend on the optical amplifier gain in the NALM.