• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.588-595
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• 2020

지속적으로 강화되는 환경오염 물질 배출 규제로 인해, 질소 산화물(NO_x)의 배출량 예측 및 관리는 산업 현장에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공지능 기반 질소산화물 배출량 예측모델 개발을 위한 연구모형을 제안하였다. 제안된 연구모형은 데이터의 전처리 과정부터 인공지능 모델의 학습 및 평가까지 모두 포함하고 있으며, 시계열 특성을 가지는 NO_x 배출량을 예측하기 위하여 순환 신경망 중 하나인 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) 모델을 활용하였다. 또한 의사결정나무 기법을 활용하여 LSTM의 time window를 모델 학습 이전에 선정하는 방법을 채택하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 연구모형의 NO_x 배출량 예측 모델은 가열로에서 확보한 조업 데이터로 학습되었으며, 최적 모델은 hyper-parameter를 조절하여 개발되었다. 개발된 LSTM 모델은 학습 데이터 및 평가 데이터에 대하여 모두 93% 이상의 NO_x 배출량 예측 정확도를 나타내었다. 본 연구에 제안된 연구모형은 시계열 특성을 가지는 다양한 대기오염 물질의 배출량 예측모델 개발에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.207-228
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• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2020

탄약내의 화약류 특히, 지연제의 지연시간에 대한 온도의 영향은 우리나라와 같이 연평균 최고최저 온도차가 뚜렷한 환경에서 충분히 존재할 수 있음에도 불구하고 이와 관련한 연구는 아직까지 국내에 보고된 바가 없다. 이에 본 연구는 우리나라 탄약류에 주로 사용되는 Zr/Ni계 지연제에 대해 주변 온도에 따른 연소속도 변화를 실험적으로 확인하였다. 이를 위해, K413 수류탄용 K414 신관에 Zr/Ni계 지연제를 충전하고 우리나라 기상환경을 고려한 주변 온도구간(-40 ℃ ~ 50 ℃)에서 온도변화에 따른 K414 신관의 지연시간 변화를 확인 및 분석하였다. K414 신관의 지연시간은 상기 시험 온도구간 내에서 시험온도를 10 ℃ 씩 변화시켜가며 측정하였고, 측정된 지연시간은 Zr/Ni계 지연제 충전 시에 기록한 지연제의 높이를 이용하여 연소속도로 환산되었다. 시험결과, Zr/Ni계 지연제의 지연시간은 주변 온도가 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 감소하는 경향이 있으며, Zr/Ni계 지연제 온도가 1 ℃ 상승할 때 마다 지연시간이 4.18 ms 감소하고, 연소속도는 2.73 mm/ms 로 빨라진 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 연평균 최고최저 온도차이가 20 ℃ 이상인 주변 온도 환경에서는 약 80 ms 의 지연시간 차이가 발생하므로, Zr/Ni계 지연제의 시험평가 기준수립 시, 지연제가 노출된 주변 온도 조건을 반영한 지연시간이 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2021

코로나19의 확산으로 인하여 대면에서 비대면이 가능한 업무 환경으로 급속히 변화하고 언제 어디서나 접속이 가능한 디지털 근무 환경으로 변화하고 있어 모든 생활에 편리성을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 보안에 취약한 중소기업을 대상으로 침해사고, 개인정보 유출과 기술유출이 지속적으로 증가 추세에 있다. 중소기업은 경영여건 이유로 자체 사이버 침해에 대한 방어 능력이 부족한 것이 현실이다. 이에 정부는 2014년부터 매년 중소기업 정보보호 컨설팅 지원 사업 등을 지속적으로 추진하고 있다. 이러한 정보보호 지원 사업에 대한 효과를 극대화하고 중소기업의 정보보호 대응 능력 향상을 위해서는 객관적인 효과 측정 및 성과 평가를 실시하고 그 결과를 환류에 반영하여 사업의 실효성을 확보하고 지속적 확대 추진을 위한 근거를 마련할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 비대면에 따른 중소기업에 대한 정보보호의 중요성을 감안하여 정보보호 지원 사업이 보다 지속적이고 체계적인 지원 및 효율적 관리를 위한 성과모델 및 측정 방법론을 개발하여 향후 운영 방향과 목표 설정 시 기초자료로 활용하도록 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 주요 방법은 국내 문헌 및 사례조사와 그 결과를 기반으로 중소기업 정보보호 지원 사업에 대한 성과 모델 및 지표를 도출하고 개발된 성과측정 지표를 검증하기 위해 전문가 자문을 활용하고, 파일럿 형태의 설문조사를 통해 평가를 수행한다. 검증된 지표를 기반으로 중소기업 정보보호 지원 사업 성과모델 및 측정 지표를 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2016

The study evaluated methods to measure condensable fine particles in flue gases and measured particulate matter by fuel and material to get precise concentrations and quantities. As a result of the method evaluation, it is required to improve test methods for measuring Condensable Particulate Matter (CPM) emitted after the conventional Filterable Particulate Matter (FPM) measurement process. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) based on the evaluated analysis process showed that RSD percentages of FPM and CPM were around 27.0~139.5%. As errors in the process of CPM measurement and analysis can be caused while separating and dehydrating organic and inorganic materials from condensed liquid samples, transporting samples, and titrating ammonium hydroxide in the sample, it is required to comply with the exact test procedures. As for characteristics of FPM and CPM concentrations, CPM had about 1.6~63 times higher concentrations than FPM, and CPM caused huge increase in PM mass concentrations. Also, emission concentrations and quantities varied according to the characteristics of each fuel, the size of emitting facilities, operational conditions of emitters, etc. PM in the flue gases mostly consisted of CPM (61~99%), and the result of organic/inorganic component analysis revealed that organic dusts accounted for 30~88%. High-efficiency prevention facilities also had high concentrations of CPM due to large amounts of $NO_x$, and the more fuels, the more inorganic dusts. As a result of comparison between emission coefficients by fuel and the EPA AP-42, FPM had lower result values compared to that in the US materials, and CPM had higher values than FPM. For the emission coefficients of the total PM (FPM+CPM) by industry, that of thermal power stations (bituminous coal) was 71.64 g/ton, and cement manufacturing facility (blended fuels) 18.90 g/ton. In order to estimate emission quantities and coefficients proper to the circumstances of air pollutant-emitting facilities in Korea, measurement data need to be calculated in stages by facility condition according to the CPM measurement method in the study. About 80% of PM in flue gases are CPM, and a half of which are organic dusts that are mostly unknown yet. For effective management and control of PM in flue gases, it is necessary to identify the current conditions through quantitative and qualitative analysis of harmful organic substances, and have more interest in and conduct studies on unknown materials' measurements and behaviors.