• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

A Microgrid is a private small-scale power system composed of distributed energy resources (DERs), storage devices and loads. And it is expected that the Microgrid will come into wide use in the near future. For this, the establishment of the Microgrid operation methodology is a very important problem. Especially, the Microgrid is greatly different from existing private small-scale power systems because of the multiple participants. Therefore, the Microgrid operation considered various requirements according to multiple participants is more complicated than the operation of existing private small-scale power systems. In this paper, Microgrid operation methodology based on a market environment is suggested. Through case studies, the effectiveness of the suggested methodology is verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.77-80
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• 1998

An optimization procedure was proposed to minimize construction and operation cost simultaneously. The global criterion method was exploited to find a Pareto optimum solution to the multi-objective functions. The result was compared to the data of a real pumping plant and it was found that the optimized plan of pumping plant could reduce both of the construction and operation cost.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1562-1566
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• 2006

The intelligent railway operation information architecture is to provide the railway passengers with the intermodal transportation information service. The purpose of the information architecture is to suggest the information service architecture of the intermodal transportation structurally. First, the architect procedure is to analysis the user requirements and according to these requirements, is to make the description of service requirements. Then secondly, it decides the service items and based of these items, it is to construction of service architecture. Finally, service package provide an accessible, deployment oriented perspective to intelligent railway operation information architecture

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

In copyright dispute on software, appraisal procedure is needed, which is regarded as an implementation of the right to fast trial. Considering that, in practice, there has been a long discussion of attempting to operate the software appraisal as a summary procedure. This was done usually by reducing the resources devoted to the summary procedure, however, this way inevitably makes difference in a result obtained through the procedure. Therefore, this research reviewed the previous operation of summary procedure in software appraisal, focusing on intrinsic nature of the summary procedure and role of software appraisal in the trial process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.885-892
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• 2011

In this study, LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) on 'Saemangum CSO Project' was carried out to evaluate environmental impact which occurred during the construction and operation periods and the potential environmental impact reduction was analyzed by comparing production and reduction level of pollution loads. LCA was conducted out according to the procedure of ISO14040 which suggested Goal and Scope Definition, Life Cycle Inventory Analysis, Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Interpretation. In the Goal and Scope Definition, the functional unit was 1 m3 of CSO, the system boundary was construction and operation phases, and the operation period was 20 years. For the data collection and inventory analysis, input energies and materials from civil, architecture, mechanical and electric fields are collected from design sheet but the landscape architecture field is excepted. LCIA(Life Cycle Impact Assessment) was performed following the procedure of Eco-Labelling Type III under 6 categories which were resource depletion, eutrophication, global warming, ozone-layer destruction, and photochemical oxide formation. In the result of LCA, 83.4% of environmental impact occurred in the construction phase and 16.6% in the operation phase. Especially 78% of environmental impact occurred in civil works. The Global warming category showed the highest contribution level in the environmental impact categories. For the analysis on potential environmental impact reduction, the reduction and increased of environmental impact which occurred on construction and operation phases were compared. In the case of considering only the operation phase, the result of the comparison showed that 78% of environmental impact is reduced. On the other hand, when considering both the construction and operation phases, 50% of environmental impact is increase. Therefore, this study showed that eco-friendly material and construction method should be used for reduction of environmental impact during life cycle, and it is strongly necessary to develop technology and skills to reduce environmental impact such as renewable energies.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.103-111
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• 2009

Moisture is one of the important design factors that affects to the changes of physical properties and air permeability in the composting matrix. This study examines the effects of moisture during the wetting and drying procedure on physical properties like bulk density, particle size, free air space and air permeability in the sawdust used as the bulking agent in composting process. During both procedures of wetting and drying of the water, with increasing moisture content, bulk density and particle size increased, but FAS decreased. In the range of near 40 to 60% moisture content on a wet basis, particle size and FAS in wetting procedure were larger and higher than those in drying procedure. During wetting procedure, pressure drop continuously decreased ranging from near 20 to 60% moisture content, despite of decreasing FAS as a consequence of increasing moisture, and then over the range of 60% moisture content, pressure drop rapidly increased to the saturated moisture condition while the pore space was filled with the water. On the other hand, during drying procedure, pressure drop decreased from the saturated condition to 40% moisture content. In the recommended range of 50 to 60% moisture content for composting operation, pressure drop in wetting procedure were lower than in drying procedure. For the enhancement of the air permeability in the composting matrix, the wetting procedure was proper than the drying procedure, and the optimum moisture content for the efficient composting operation was appeared to be near 60%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.739-746
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• 2009

This paper introduces facility operation modeling and simulation based primarily on a discrete event system modeling scheme. Many modern industrial facilities are so complex that their operational status cannot be estimated by simple calculations. In general, a facility can consist of many processes and transfers of material between processes that may be modeled as a discrete event system. This paper introduces the current status of studies on operation modeling and simulation for typical nuclear facilities, along with some examples. In addition, this paper provides insights about how a discrete event system can be applied to a model for a nuclear facility. A headend facility is chosen for operation modeling and the simulation, and detailed procedure is thoroughly described from modeling to an analysis of discrete event results. These kinds of modeling and simulation are very important because they can contribute to facility design and operation in terms of prediction of system behavior, quantification of facility capacity, bottleneck identification and efficient operation scheduling.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.401-413
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• 1999

An ice storage cooling facility with cooling capacity of 150㎾ has been constructed for the purpose of developing optimal design and control strategy for an ice storage system. As the first step to this purpose, a computer program has been developed to simulate the operation of the ice storage system and examined precisely by comparing the results with those measured from the test facility. With the simulation program verified from the comparison, a design procedure has been developed to determine the minimum capacity required for each operation strategy available commercially. It is shown that the minimum sizes of the chiller and the storage tank are strongly dependent on the control strategy, i.e., chiller priority or storage priority, but less affected by the arrangement method, i.e., chiller upstream or chiller downstream.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.2918-2927
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• 2020

This paper proposes a simplified elastic-plastic analysis procedure using the penalty factors presented in the Code Case N-779 for strain-based fatigue assessment of nuclear safety class 1 components under severe seismic loads such as safety shutdown earthquake and beyond design-basis earthquake. First, a simplified elastic-plastic analysis procedure for strain-based fatigue assessment of nuclear safety class 1 components under the severe seismic loads was proposed based on the analysis result for the simplified elastic-plastic analysis procedure in the Code Case N-779 and the stress categories corresponding to normal operation and seismic loads. Second, total strain amplitude was calculated directly by performing finite element cyclic elastic-plastic seismic analysis for a hot leg nozzle in pressurizer surge line subject to combined loading including deadweight, pressure, seismic inertia load, and seismic anchor motion, as well as was derived indirectly by applying the proposed analysis procedure to the finite element elastic stress analysis result for each load. Third, strain-based fatigue assessment was implemented by applying the strain-based fatigue acceptance criteria in the ASME B&PV Code, Sec. III, Subsec. NB, Article NB-3200 and by using the total strain amplitude values calculated. Last, the total strain amplitude and the fatigue assessment result corresponding to the simplified elastic-plastic analysis were compared with those using the finite element elastic-plastic seismic analysis results. As a result of the comparison, it was identified that the proposed analysis procedure can derive reasonable and conservative results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.821-828
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• 2011

Purpose: The authors applied Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure to Wassel type III and IV duplicated thumb, which was limited to patients with Wassel type I, II. This procedure was applied in order to improve the growth potential, range of joint motion, joint stability and cosmetic outcome. Methods: Sixteen patients received Bilhaut-Cloquet procedures to correct duplicated thumbs from May, 2005 to December, 2010. Seven patients were Wassel type III, nine patients were type IV. This procedure was applied not only to balanced type, but also unbalanced type or convergent type. Five patients were balanced type and eleven patients were unbalanced type. Convergent type of Wassel type IV was three. Sex ratio was the same, mean age at the operation was 20.1 months old (8~52 months old). Angular deformity, joint stability and range of joint motion and cosmetic outcome were considered together and estimated in Tada score. Also, postoperative subjective satisfaction score of the parents was evaluated by a 100-points scale. Results: Mean subjective satisfaction scored 75 points at 28 months after the operation. Radiologic study showed bony union of proximal phalangeal bone and stable joint in all patients. Range of motion was mean 20 degrees in interphalangeal joint and mean 73 degrees in metacarpophalangeal joint. Tada score showed 'good' in eleven patients (68.8%), 'fair' in three patients (18.7%) and 'poor' in two patients (12.5%). In seven patients those who were able to follow up for a long term showed no significant difference in length of proximal and distal phalangeal bones compared to the opposite thumb. Conclusion: Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure can be applied not only to balanced type of Wassel type III, IV duplicated thumb, but also to unbalanced type or convergent type that focused on functional reconstruction and cosmetic improvement.