• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.985-998
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand current management status of 'day and night care' facilities and to explore the related factors with rates of operation of them. The nationwide mailing survey was conducted with structured questionnaires from July, 14, 2010 to July, 28, 2010. The subjects were 277 facilities (response rate 24.5%). Regarding the types of operating, 79.1% of faculties was run by cooperation, and 17.8% and 3.6% for individuals and national/public institutes respectively. The average of operation rate was 70.15%. National/public institutes showed higher in the rate of operation(79.08%) than 72.49% of cooperations and 57.78% of individuals. The number of manpower was not nearly different by the types of operating bodies, but the number of nurse was significantly different among them. The national/public institutions had 1.07 nurses while individual institutions have only 0.08. We found that facilities run by national/public institutes and founded before 2008 years showed higher rate of operation. In case of providing regular monitoring and evaluation services, and music program for patients showed higher rate of operation. In addition, the number of managers, social workers, and nurses increase the rate of operation. We suggest that quality management and monitoring program for the facilities which run by individuals or established after 2008 years would be developed. We also call for development of programs for facilitating utilization of 'day and night care' facilities such as expanding the family support.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.564-566
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• 2005

The relation between HPA (High Power Amplifier) and COMS (Communication Ocean Meteorological Satellite) multi-carrier is analyzed in this paper. MODAC (Meteorological and Ocean Data Application Center) has a primary mission to transmit processed data, HRIT (High Rate Information Transmission) and LRIT (Low Rate Information Transmission), which is normalized and calibrated by pre-processing. It is also replaced with the SOC (Satellite Operation Center) in emergency case and can transmit the command and ranging tones for operation of COMS. From the result of simulation with modelled HPA, it is found that the multi-carrier in one HPA can give rise to an inter-modulation which makes harmonic and spurious elements increase in-band. Under the environment of these increased parasitic elements, the degradation of multi-carrier's quality is estimated from the ratio of the amount of noise to total output power of HPA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.856-862
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• 1988

The survival rate after resectional operation for carcinoma of the esophagus is still very low and many factors contribute to these poor results. We analyze the clinical results of 56 operated patients among 62 esophageal cancer patients between March, 1974 and July, 1988. Among the 62 patients, 52 patients were squamous cell carcinoma and 8 were adenocarcinoma, one was leiomyosarcoma and one was adenosquamous cell carcinoma. The classification of esophageal cancer was based on TNM classification of American Joint Committee on cancer". Among the operated patients, stage I was 5[9.6%], stage II was 13[25%], stage III was 26[50%], stage IV was 8[15.4%]. And its one year survival rate was 80%, 69%, 11.5%, 0% for each stages. The rate of resectability was 30.3% and resection of esophagus with esophagogastrostomy and extended lymph node dissection was performed on 17 patients without distant metastasis or adjacent organ invasion. Substernal esophago-colono-gastrostomy, Celestine tube insertion and feeding gastrostomy was performed on remained 39 patients. The analysis of postoperative survival duration revealed the superiority of esophagectomy with extended lymph node dissection over other palliative operation. [1 year survival rate: 79% versus 21%] We concluded that the survival rate of esophageal resection with lymph node dissection group was superior to nonresective palliative operation group. And transthoracic approach was superior to extrathoracic approach in involved lymph node dissection and esophageal resection in locally invaded cases.ases.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.3B
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• pp.202-211
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• 2002

Because wireless links are subject to disturbances and failures, it is important to support disconnected operations in mobile computing. Many schemes have been proposed to support the efficient disconnected operations. In this paper, we analyze and measure the computation time including disconnected operations to evaluate the performance of mobile computing on error prone wireless links. Mobile computation consists of three states: data hoarding, disconnected operation, and block states. We estimate the computation time using various parameters; error rate and recovery rate of wireless link, hoarding overhead, logging overhead, and reintegration overhead, etc. We can choose efficient strategies for disconnected operations and predict the performance using the results of this analysis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06d
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• pp.92-97
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• 2000

An AMR(Adaptive Multi-Rate) speech coding algorithm has been adopted as a standard speech codec for IMT-2000. It is based on the algebraic CELP, and consists of eight speech coding modes having the bit rate from 4.75 kbit/s to 12.2 kbit/s. It also contains the VAD(Voice Activity Detector), SCR (Source Controlled Rate) operation, and error concealment scheme for robustness in a radio channel. The bit rate of AMR is changed on a frame basis depending on the channel condition. In this paper, we introduced AMR speech coding algorithm and performed the real-time implementation using TMS320C6201, i.e., a Texas Instrument's fixed-point DSP. With the ANSI C source code released from ETSI and 3GPP, we convert and optimize the program to make it run in real time using the C compiler and assembly language. It is verified that the decoded result of the implemented speech codec on the DSP is identical with the PC simulation result using ANSI C code for test sequences. Also, actual sound input/output test using microphone and speaker demonstrates its proper real-time operation without distortions or delays.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.9-10
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• 2012

Efficient operation of construction equipment has become more and more important in the competitive construction environment. Accurate measurement of performance rate of construction equipment is a critical factor for a construction project planning. However, it might be quite difficult to measure the performance rate due to diverse practical limitations such as continuously variable performance rate of construction equipment, considerable indirect cost, large construction field, and so on. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic algorithm that measures a performance rate of construction equipment with a multipurpose composite sensor. It is expected that the algorithm compiles database on construction equipment and in advance, facilitates efficient operation of construction equipment.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2009

Three-dimensional numerical analyses of mechanical ventilation system in vent shaft of subway in operation are carried out in relation with the different air flow passage of vent shaft and two ventilation operation modes of push/pull, The ventilation characteristics of vent shaft with regard to the shape change are evaluated. And the air flow rate through the vent shaft by ventilation system is measured within subway in operation to assess the accuracy and applicability of the numerical analysis method. The decrease of air flow rate due to vent-shaft change are between 0.7 to 2.2% in the cases examined.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.237-259
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• 1997

Cleft Palate speech appears to have hyper/hyponasality with velopharyngeal insufficiency and articulation disorders. Previous studies on Cleft Palate speech have shown that speech tends to have lower airflow and air pressure. To examine the aerodynamic characteristics of Cleft Palate speech, Aerophone II Voice function Analyzer was used. We measured sound pressure level, airflow, air pressure and glottal power. Three Cleft Palate adults and five normal adults participated in this experiment. The test words are composed of: (1) the sustained vowel /o/ (2) /CiCi/, where C is one of three different stop consonants in Korean (3) /bimi/. Subjects were asked to produce /bimi/ five times without opening their lips. All the data was statistically tested by t-test for Cleft Palate patients before operation groups and control groups and paired t-test for Cleft Palate patients before and after operation groups. The results were as follow: (1) Cleft Palate patients generally speak with incomplete oral closure and lower oral air pressure. As a result, the SPL of Cleft Palate before operation is 3 dB lower than control groups. (2) Airflow of Cleft Palate in phonation and articulation is lower than that of control groups. However, it increased after operation. Lung volume and mean airflow in phonation are significantly increased (p<0.05). (3) Although velopharyngeal function (velar opening rate) of Cleft Palate is poor in comparison with control groups, it was recovered after operation. In this event maximum flow rate and mean airflow rate are significantly increased (p<0.05). (4) Air pressure of Cleft Palate in speech is lower than that of control groups. In general, the air pressure of Cleft Palate increased after operation. In this event air pressure of glottalized consonant is significantly increased (p<0.04). (5) Glottal Power(mean power, mean efficient and mean resistant) of Cleft Palate patients is lower than that of control groups. But mean efficient and mean resistant of Cleft Palate patients increased significantly (p<0.05) after operation.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.485-489
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• 2003

Enzymatic hydrolysis of egg yolk Protein was carried out in continuous packed column reactor Five supports for enzyme immobilization were evaluated in this study. We investigated the optimum operation variables - pH, temperature, and flow rate in continuous reactor operation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.501-509
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• 2011

Unlike many laboratory-scale studies on absorption of organic compounds (VOCs), limited pilot-scale studies have been reported. Accordingly, the present study was carried out to examine operation parameters for the effective control of a hydrophilic VOC (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) by applying a circular pilot-scale packed-absorption system (inside diameter 37 cm ${\times}$ height 167 cm). The absorption efficiencies of MEK were investigated for three major operation parameters: input concentration, water flow rate, and ratio of gas flow-rate to washing water amount (water-to-gas ratio). The experimental set-up comprised of the flow control system, generation system, recirculation system, packed-absorption system, and outlet system. For three MEK input concentrations (300, 350, and 750 ppm), absorption efficiencies approached near 95% and then, decreased gradually as the operation time increased, thereby suggesting a non-steady state condition. Under these conditions, higher absorption efficiencies were shown for lower input concentration conditions, which were consistent with those of laboratory-scale studies. However, a steady state condition occurred for two input concentration conditions (100 and 200 ppm), and the difference in absorption efficiencies between these two conditions were insignificant. As supported by an established gas-liquid absorption theory, a higher water flow rate exhibited a greater absorption efficiency. Moreover, as same with the laboratory-scale studies, the absorption efficiencies increased as water-to-gas ratios increased. Meanwhile, regardless of water flow rates or water-to-gas ratios, as the operation time of the absorption became longer, the pH of water increased, but the elevation extent was not substantial (maximum pH difference, 1.1).