• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.557-561
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• 1989

This paper presents a new operation method on power distribution system by automated distribution system (ADS). A performance of this automation is established to operate the distribution system faster than earlier. We reduced the period and region of power failure by ADS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2002

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2016

Shenyang was one of the representative transportation hub of Northeast China during the modern period. The formation and development of the railway network gave great influence on Shenyang's city development. In order to understand the relationship between railway and city development, first, we classified Shenyang's city development period by the railway network's formation and expansion process. Then, we analyzed the relationship between railway and city space by five categories. The results of this study are as follows. First, before railway was constructed, Shenyang was a castle city, which also was the economic center of Northeast China. This was the main reason Shenyang was chosen as a railway zone. During the modern period, the castle structure became an obstacle to city transportation and environment, therefore, it was disposed. During the period of railways' expansion, South Manchuria, Jingfeng and Shenhai railway line was constructed in Shenyang. Since each line had different operation organizations, city sites along the railways were planned separately. However, these operation organizations had one common purpose, which was to use railway as an accelerator for economic development. During the period of railway's military usage, railway was reorganized as military supply transport for the Japanese, which also was used as a tool for the expansion of colonialism. Second, after Shenyang's city space was reconstructed along the railway, it created a close connection with city structure, city facilities, landscape and city transportation system. Hence, the railway system played a key role in modern city planning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.532-540
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• 2001

This study explored the effect of calcium levels and/or ovariectomy on bone composition and its related factors using the female Sprague-Dawley rats which achieved peak bone mass in normal(0.5%) calcium intake during growth period. The rats were randomly divided into six groups and fed 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5% calcium diets for 8 weeks after ovariectomized and sham operation. The results indicated that body weight gain was higher in ovariectomized groups than sham groups, regardless of dietary calcium levels and food intakes. Serum Ca and P concentrations were normal level regardless of dietary calcium levels and operation. Estrogen concentration was decreased in ovariectomized rat groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary hydroxyproline were increased in ovariectomized groups. When rats were fed normal Ca diet during growing period, weight, length and breaking force of femur were not significantly different in all groups but increased the same level. Generally, lipid contents in lumbar and femur were lower in low calcium groups and this effect was more pronounced in femur. In case of femur, the significant decrease in Ca contents of bone was observed in a relatively short period of feeding low Ca diet, even though it appeared th desirable peak bone mass had achieved through the growing period by supplementing the adequate amount of calcium. The marked decrease of estrogen levels after ovariectomy did not seem to influence greatly bone parameters measured except bone wet weight. Therefore, this study indicated that lower intake of Ca might be more important determinating factor against osteoporosis than postmenopausal state stimulated by ovariectomy in female rats. With normal or high intake of Ca it appears possible to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal period, and this might apply only in case of achieving peak bone mass in the growing with the adequate intake of calcium. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 532∼540, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.574-583
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• 2004

In this study, the operation strategy of the radiant floor cooling is evaluated in terms of indoor environmental conditions and energy consumption through simulations using the TRNSYS comparing the existing cooling operation. The operation strategy during continuously operated for cooling is proposed that a representative room had additional equipments and other rooms were operated with only a radiant floor cooling system and that system and control method for cooling are varied with period while intermittently operated for cooling. Specifically, when there are no people in the room, rooms were operated by only radiant floor cooling system using cooling storage and when people are occupied, rooms were operated by dehumidification and supplementary cooling device with radiant floor cooling system. The results of this study show that proposed operation strategy can stably maintain the set room air temperature and can reduce the energy consumption compared to the existing cooling method during continuously operated for cooling. While intermittently operated for cooling, the difference of set room air temperature by proposed operation strategy does not happen, satisfying comfort standards and the radiant floor cooling can expect to supply stable electric power because of decreasing demand for peak electric power of energy consumption.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2011

Market Environment around water work industry is rapidly changing. ISO, International Organization for Standardization, announced the international water work service standard for comparison and evaluation between nations and businesses. And developed countries in water work are introducing market principle for growth of nation's water industry and reinforcement of its competitiveness. Also, some local governments entrusted their water utilities for improvement of competitiveness of water work. However, as some failure cases from overseas came out with emphasis, there are many refuting perspective about entrusted operation achievements of domestic water market. Hence, this paper evaluated competitiveness of domestic local water utilities from the perspective of productivity. After evaluating productivity using Malmquist productivity index, the authors compared and analyzed whether there is a difference of productivity between two different operating types by using Mann-Whitney test. As a result of analysis, it has shown that local water utilities achieved higher productivity at entrusted operation type rather than direct operation type. The local water utilities which chose entrusted operation had increased the productivity 13.9% on total factor productivity(TFP) during experimenting period, while the local water utilities which chose direct operation had increased 0.2%. The background of achieving this high productivity in entrusted operation was analyzed as a result of the higher technological effectiveness of a special water company. The result of this study can be referred when local government needs to decide on what operating types they will use.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.682-689
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• 2011

Recently, there are frequent disasters by Swell-like Wave in the coastal area, Korea peninsula. This phenomenon (Swell-like Wave) has long period above 10 seconds compared with wind wave. To prevent these disasters by the long-period wave in advance, it's necessary to observe it in real time. But existing instruments for wave observation can not observe long-period wave because they mainly are aimed to measure the short-period wind wave. Therefore, in this research it is tried to develop the GPS based Long Period Wave Observation System which real time operation can be realzied in the sea.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2000

Background : This study was designed to assess the effects of information on the satisfaction of parents and families whose children underwent elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room. Methods : We measured parent and family satisfaction with information given before and after offering informational interventions. The data were collected from 510 patients parents and families whose children had undergone elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul. South Korea. The data collection ran from May 3. 1999 to May 30. 1999 and from September 6, 1999 to September 30, 1999. The research instrument consisted of four categories (pre-operative period, intra-operative period, post-operative period, others) and 24 questionnaires. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results : The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Before surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of the necessary preparation for the surgery (6.0%), the time the patient would enter the operating room (20.6%), the operative procedure (2.0%), and the use of the waiting room (10.0%). 2. During the operation, the satisfaction with the situation board (15.1%), public announcements in the waiting room (8.4%), and the answering of the families questions (12.2%) was increased. however, the satisfaction with the surgeons explanations of the surgical outcomes decreased by 8.3%, even though the frequency of these explanations increased by 5%. 3. After surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of patient's status of recovery(10.3%) the time the patient would be moved from the recovery room (17.6%), how the patient would be transferred to the ward (19.2%), and post-operative care (6.3%). Conclusion : Based upon the above findings, we concluded that pre-, intra-, and post-operative informational interventions were effective in increasing the satisfaction of the parents and families of children undergoing elective surgery.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 2017

A huge rent rise has forced the number of merchants out of their workplace. it has required to review the duration of business, considering recognition about social, economic, cultural characteristic of merchant. this research has indicated influence factors about the duration of business, divided into less than 5 years and more than 5 years on the basis of operation period focused on historical and cultural street of Jongno-gu. The research results, new merchants(less than 5 years) has emerged in order of important factors : monthly sales, monthly rent, franchise, store premium, media public relations. Existing merchants(more than 5 years) has emerged in order of important factors : monthly rent, monthly sales, merchant community, store premium, floating population. Therefore, this research proposes the following implications. Firstly, new measures must be needed to protect merchants and legal regulations about sharp monthly rent. Secondly, when entering the franchises, local government must review business standards with reference to the type and scale.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.330-334
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• 2013

Background Ultrasound-aided fixation is a recently developed alternative method of treatment of zygomatico-maxillary (ZM) fracture, and it can resolve the problems of excessive torsion force and subsequent fractures of screws. We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasound-aided fixation as compared with the conventional fixation method using a drill and an expander in patients with ZM fracture. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in 35 patients with ZM fracture who had been treated at our hospital during a period ranging from March of 2008 to December of 2010. We divided them into two groups: an ultrasound-aided fixation group, comprising 13 patients who underwent ultrasound-aided fixation (SonicWeld Rx, KLS Martin), and a conventional group, comprising 22 patients who underwent conventional fixation (Biosorb FX, Linvatec Biomaterials Ltd.). We compared such variables as sex, direction, age at operation, follow-up period, operation duration, number of fixed holes, and time to discharge between the two groups. Results The ultrasound-aided fixation reduced the operation duration by about 30 minutes as compared with that of conventional fixation. There was no significant difference in follow-up period, number of fixed holes, or time to discharge between the two groups. Furthermore, there were no complications in either group. Conclusions The ultrasound-aided fixation of fractured ZM bone using an absorbable implant system is safe and effective in promptly reducing the bone fracture and providing satisfactory cosmetic outcomes over time.