• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate the fixation method for treating alveolar fractures in an emergency department. Methods: The efficiency of using the fixation method was judged on the basis of clinical criteria. Stability, occlusion state, bleeding amount after fixation, operation time, and difficulties during procedural operation were recorded. Results: Eight patients were enrolled in this study. In all instances, the fixation method was effective in bleeding control. Each patient had a noticeable decrement in bleeding. A wire was used for four of the eight patients, and nylon strings was used for the others. The average operation time was 6.3 minutes for the wire patients and 2.8 minutes for the Nylon string patients. No specific problem was identified during the procedural operation. However, the difference in the fixation material influenced the effectiveness of the procedure, the operation time, and the satisfaction of the doctor. Conclusion: In the emergency department, the fixation method using wire or nylon string in the treatment of alveolar fractures is effective in bleeding control

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2007

Purpose: In this study, we introduced a newly developed technique of operation for hallux valgus. We used a single dorsal incision to correct major components of Bunion in stead of two or three incisions, which had been used by most of surgeons for long time. Materials and Methods: Between 2003 and 2005, 27 feet with hallux valgus deformity were operated through single dorsal incision. 10 out of 17 patients underwent operation on both feet, 5 patient underwent operation on left feet, remaining 2 underwent operation on right. There were 16 women and 1 man. Average age of patients was 45 (range, 21-59). Post operatively all feet were evaluated by physical examination, Maryland Foot score profile, radiographic measurements and complication. Results: Maryland foot score profile increased from preoperative 67/100 to postoperative 95/100. Most patients satisfied pain relieve and cosmesis. Average preoperative intermetatarsal angle was 15 degrees, which were decreased to 9 degrees after operation and average preoperative hallux valgus angle was 32 degrees, which were decreased to 12 degrees after operation. Conclusion: According to our experience, the single dorsal incision technic for correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities was rather safe and easily performed without noticeable complication with almost same results as multiple incisions technics. We highly recommend this technic to be tried by foot surgeons without hesitation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.659-663
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• 2000

The motality rate of acute subdural hematoma(ASDH) associated with closed head injury is high in spite of recent advances in neurosurgery. Many variables in regard to outcome of ASDH have been assessed. But among them, intracranial pressure(ICP) control and the time interval between injury and operative evacuation are the only things that can be affected by doctor. We introduced a simple method to the management of ASDH for reducing the time interval between injury and operation. When the immediate decompressive operation of ASDH was impossible by any causes, we made a burr hole at the center of hematoma, usually on 2-3cm above temporal squama and 1-2cm behind coronal suture under local anesthesia before main operation. Partial hematoma evacuation was achieved through the burr hole and it was effective in preventing further worsening of patients neurological status before main operation. Prompt hematoma evacuation through the burr hole seemed to be effective in delaying secondary ischemic brain damage and made easy to closing the dura opening and replacement of the bone flap at the end of main decompressive operation. This easy method may reduce the time interval between injury and operation. We represent surgical technique with two cases of ASDH managed with this simple method.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2014

The number of patients with chronic renal failure who require renal replacement therapy is increasing and dialysis is still the mainly used renal replacement therapy. The first choice of surgical technique currently used is side-to-end anastomosis of the radial artery and the cephalic vein. The authors report on a case of an effective arteriovenous shunt operation performed using microscopy. A 53-year-old male with chronic renal failure was referred to plastic and reconstructive surgery department to undergo an arteriovenous shunt operation. Venography was performed before surgery in order to find the appropriate vessel for the arteriovenous shunt operation. The cephalic vein on the wrist showed a diameter of over 4 mm, which was appropriate for an arteriovenous shunt operation. Anastomosis of the vessels was performed under microscopy using Nylon #9-0. Blood flow and vessel diameter were evaluated by venography after surgery and showed well maintained function of the shunt. Complications such as bleeding, edema of the upper arm, and wound dehiscence did not occur. Many factors and certain complications may affect the long-term patency of an arteriovenous shunt; however, exquisite surgical technique is the most important factor in a successful operation. Thus, arteriovenous shunt operation using microscopy is thought to be a good treatment option.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1999

Background: Preemptive analgesia has been suggested recently as an another technique of postoperative pain control. Combination of low dose opioid and NSAIDs was used to lessen systemic opioid side effect, however, the use of NSAIDs may hinder their side effects in perioperative period. The local application of small dose at the target site can be effective without systemic effect. The aim of this study is evaluating the additive effect and side effect of transdermal piroxicam as preemptive adjuvant to intravenous nalbuphine on pain relief after major abdominal surgery. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients received piroxicam patch for preemptive analgesia before operation and compared it with control group. Two sheets of piroxicam patch to the skin incision site for 12 hours before operation were attached (Group 1, n=20) and no patch were applied (Group 2, n=20). Both groups were received nalbuphine continuously after operation using two days infuser (2 ml/hr) containing 80 mg (96 ml). Pain is evaluated by VAS score at each time; 30 min, 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after operation and side effects of NSAIDs were observed for 3days postoperatively. Results: There was no significant VAS score difference between two groups following time in progress. And no significant side effect was noted in both groups, either. Conclusion: There is no preemptive or synergistic analgesic effect of piroxicam patch attached at planned operation site before operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1021-1031
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• 2020

With the advent of industry 4.0 technologies like the artificial intelligence and the autonomous flight, 'Urban Air Mobility (UAM)' is being considered as an effective alternative to resolve the ground urban traffic congestion. Accordingly, many companies in the world including Korea are investigating on the development of UAM vehicles and operation systems. In this study, after identifying and classifying the essential elements of the UAM operation, the UAM system operational concept has been derived, then detailed analyses for each element has been performed. Based on the conceptual analysis of the UAM operation system, UAM flight routes in Seoul and Gyeong-In area have been established and confirmed to be operable through the performance analysis of UAM vehicles. The flight route analysis in this study is expected to be applied to UAM flight routes establishment in various cities in the future.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2013

Recently, the importance of the HVAC system (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning System) is growing because comfortable working environment has emerged as important element for enhancing work efficiency. HVAC system is a general term of a system that collectively creates desired temperature and state through heating and air conditioning. HVAC system consists of many objects, so it requires a lot of constraints for its effective operation. Thus, specific strategy is needed for an optimal operation of HVAC System for plant. In this paper, manufacturing plants which have HVAC systems has been modeled and the objective function and constraints for an effective operation have been defined. And new strategy for an effective operation of HVAC system with energy simulations has been proposed.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.479-486
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• 2016

System-on-chip (SoC) designs have a number of flip-flops; the more flip-flops an SoC has, the longer the associated scan test application time will be. A scan shift operation accounts for a significant portion of a scan test application time. This paper presents physical-aware approaches for speeding up scan shift operations in SoCs. To improve the speed of a scan shift operation, we propose a layout-aware flip-flop insertion and scan shift operation-aware physical implementation procedure. The proposed combined method of insertion and procedure effectively improves the speed of a scan shift operation. Static timing analyses of state-of-the-art SoC designs show that the proposed approaches help increase the speeds of scan shift operations by up to 4.1 times that reached under a conventional method. The faster scan shift operation speeds help to shorten scan test application times, thus reducing test costs.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2017

A 58-year-old male visited our emergency room for multiple traumas from explosion. On initial evaluation, hemopneumoperitoneum with liver laceration (grade 4) and colon perforation was identified. Hemopericardium with cardiac tamponade was also identified. Shrapnel was detected in the right ventricle. Damage control surgery was planned due to condition of hypotension. In operation room, control over bleeding was achieved after sternotomy, pericardiotomy, and laparotomy. Massive transfusion was done during operation. After gauze packing, operation was terminated with temporary closure (TC). Sanguineous fluid was drained profusely. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was confirmed through laboratory findings. No extravasation was discovered at hepatic angiogram. On re-operation, there was no active bleeding but oozing from sternotomy site was identified. Bone bleeding was impossible to control. Finally, reoperation was ended after gauze packing and TC all over again. The patient could survive for only a day after re-operation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.1022-1035
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• 2016

A double-tube once-through steam generator (DOTSG) consisting of an outer straight tube and an inner helical tube is studied in this work. First, the structure of the DOTSG is optimized by considering two different objective functions. The tube length and the total pressure drop are considered as the first and second objective functions, respectively. Because the DOTSG is divided into the subcooled, boiling, and superheated sections according to the different secondary fluid states, the pitches in the three sections are defined as the optimization variables. A multi-objective optimization model is established and solved by particle swarm optimization. The optimization pitch is small in the subcooled region and superheated region, and large in the boiling region. Considering the availability of the optimum structure at power levels below 100% full power, we propose a new operating scheme that can fix the boundaries between the three heat-transfer sections. The operation scheme is proposed on the basis of data for full power, and the operation parameters are calculated at low power level. The primary inlet and outlet temperatures, as well as flow rate and secondary outlet temperature are changed according to the operation procedure.