• 간호행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.283-293
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define cost-countable perioperative nursing activities and to analyze the cost of each nursing activities based on the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS). Method: Researcher and 3 research assistants observed and documented the 83 operating patients in order to measure nursing time for each of the perioperative nursing activities. And then, 35 operating room nurses with at least one year of perioperative nursing experience were observed for the RBRVS of perioperative nursing activities. Finally, the direct and indirect nursing costs were estimated. Result: Nursing costs of 25 nursing activities were estimated using the RBRVS. Most expensive nursing activities were delivery of the instrument and implement for OP team (9,780 won per hour) and behavior of wash, pack, disinfect the instrument (6,770). Conclusion: Based on the relative values of each perioperative nursing activities estimated in this study, proper medical reimbursement system should be established in a near future.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.905-913
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• 2017

Advanced reactor designs often feature longer operating cycles between refueling and new concepts of operation beyond traditional baseload electricity production. Owing to this increased complexity, traditional proportional-integral control may not be sufficient across all potential operating regimes. The prototypical advanced reactor (PAR) design features two independent reactor modules, each connected to a single dedicated steam generator that feeds a common balance of plant for electricity generation and process heat applications. In the current research, the PAR is expected to operate in a load-following manner to produce electricity to meet grid demand over a 24-hour period. Over the operational lifetime of the PAR system, primary and intermediate sodium pumps are expected to degrade in performance. The independent operation of the two reactor modules in the PAR may allow the system to continue operating under degraded pump performance by shifting the power production between reactor modules in order to meet overall load demands. This paper proposes a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic-based power distribution system. Two T-S fuzzy power distribution controllers have been designed and tested. Simulation shows that the devised T-S fuzzy controllers provide improved performance over traditional controls during daily load-following operation under different levels of pump degradation.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many changes in the aviation industry as a whole. Passenger traffic has decreased, but on the contrary, the international transport demand for cargo planes has never been higher. Due to their geopolitical location when flying to major cities around the world, Korea's international pilots are bound to have relatively more jet lag-causing routes than their American or European-based pilots. Through this study, we tried to analyze the degree of fatigue and fatigue weighting factors according to operating conditions for domestic pilots. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. Despite the variety of models, routes, and fatigue between individuals, it was found that the 3 Pilot operation route was concentrated as a representative fatigue route. Most of the individual fatigue improvement request sections showed higher fatigue as the night flight section was longer among the 3Pilot routes for more than 12 hours, and 43 out of 90 participants (Korean Air pilots) focused on 3Pilot (two captains and one pilot) as fatigue-intensive operating conditions. Therefore, it proposes an improvement in the system of applying 12-hour unification standards according to Korea's geopolitical international operating conditions and time difference standards.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2010

온라인 강의가 제공되는 운영체제 교과목을 활용하여 면대면 강의와 온라인 강의를 혼합한 혼합형 학습을 진행하였다. 혼합형 학습의 효율적인 운영방안을 찾기 위하여 01분반은 2시간의 면대면 교육과 1시간 온라인 교육으로 강의를 구성하였고, 다른 02분반은 2시간의 온라인 교육과 1시간의 면대면 교육을 구성하였다. 중간고사 평가 결과 두 집단의 Cohen's d는 0.165로 큰 차이는 없었지만, 면대면 교육 시간이 많았던 01분반의 평균이 온라인 교육 시간이 많았던 02분반의 평균보다 조금 높았으며, 학생들의 점수 분산이 작았다. 반면 고득점자는 02분반이 많았다. 자기 주도형 학습이 용이한 온라인 교육이 많은 분반에서 더 많았다. 자기 주도 학습을 잘 수행할 수 있는 상위권 학생은 온라인 교육이 강조된 혼합형 학습이 적합하고, 그렇지 않은 학생들은 면대면 중심의 학습이 적합한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.182-191
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• 2016

In the present work, a solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) system with a hybrid collector was analyzed. For this, a simplified thermodynamic model was developed. Based on the proposed model, the heat transfer rate, COP, and the annual operating hour of the SAHP system were estimated. The effect of the variation of system design parameters on the performance of the system was also examined. From the results, the performance was improved with increasing the effectiveness of heat exchangers and decreasing the difference between the evaporation temperature and the outlet brine temperature of the hybrid collector loop. Finally, the performance of SAHP system with a hybrid collector was compared with that of conventional serial and parallel SAHP systems. The SAHP system with a hybrid collector was substantially better than a series system and slightly worse than a parallel system for both the yearly averaged heat transfer rate and COP. However, the annual operating hour of the SAHP system with a hybrid collector was much better than that of a parallel system.

• 에너지공학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2002

본 논문은 효율향상 프로그램의 비용효과 분석을 위한 대리발전기법과 수요감소기법이 조합된 발전운전 회피비용 계산 방법론을 제안하였다. 수용가 전력사용 행태에 따른 효율향상 수요관리 자원의 가동지수를 도입하여 보급된 고효율기기의 시간별 운전용량을 계산하는 데 활용하였다 또한, 기준수요에서 최대수요시간의 운전용량을 그 시간에 기여하는 최대수요 절감량으로 계산하였으며, 발전운전 회피비용을 이용한 효율향상 수요관리 자원의 영향을 평가하였다. 수요관리 전후의 효과분석을 위한 사례연구 모델로 IEEE-RTS를 활용하였으며, 수요관리 효과로 인한 각 발전기의 발전량, 발전비용 및 계통한계비용(SMP)의 변화 등을 분석하였다. 본 방법은 단기 수요관리 효과를 예측함은 물론 현재 실시하고 있는 효율향상 수요관리 자원의 효과를 추정하는데 활용 가능하고, 계산결과는 수요관리자원의 효과분석을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능하다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2018

본 논문은 풍량 및 운전시간을 제어할 수 있는 방폭 타입 배풍기의 인버터 단자함 연구에 관한 것이다. 국내에서는 열악한 환경에서 작업 시에 풍량 및 운전 시간을 조정할 수 있는 배풍기가 없는 실정이다. 유해가스 및 폭발 위험성이 있는 환경에 적정한 방폭 배풍기의 운전 시간과 풍량을 제어할 수 있는 방폭 단자함을 제작하는 것이 목적이다. 2개의 방폭형 스위치를 사용하여 운전시간을 1 시간, 3 시간, 그리고 연속 시간으로 운전할 수 있도록 하였고, 유도전동기 회전 속도는 2000rpm, 2600rpm, 그리고 3000rpm으로 3 단계로 설정하여 풍량 제어하였다. 실험한 모터는 1/2 마력 3상 유도전동기 사용하였으며 풀 브리지 인버터를 제작하여 원하는 풍량과 운전시간 설정할 수 있도록 연구하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.521-524
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• 1999

Nb silicide was formed on the Si micro-tip arrays in order to improve field emission properties of Si-tip field emitter array. After silicidization of the tips, the etch-back process, by which gate insulator, gate electrode and photoresist were deposited sequentially and gate holes were defined by removing gradually the photoresist by $O_2$ plasma from the surface, was applied. Si nitride film was used as a protective layer in order to prevent oxygen from diffusion into Nb silicide layer and it was identified that the NbSi2 was formed through annealing in $N_2$ ambient at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. By the Nb silicide coating on Si tips, the turn-on voltage was decreased from 52.1 V to 32.3 V and average current fluctuation for 1 hour was also reduced from 5% to 2%. Also, the fabricated Nb silicide-coated Si tip FEA emitted electrons toward the phosphor and light emission was obtained at the gate voltage of 40~50 V.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2015

Purpose: The study was conducted to identify factors affecting the intraoperative core body temperature (CBT) of surgical patients under general anesthesia. Methods: This study was performed through a prospective descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 138 patients who had undergone elective laparotomy surgery. Age, weight, height, the basal preoperative CBT, blood pressure, and heart rate were collected. CBT was again measured at induction of anesthesia, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours following induction of general anesthesia. Results: Factors affecting intraoperative hypothermia < $36^{\circ}C$ at 1 hour following induction, were CBT at induction and total body fat (TBF) ($R^2=.569$, p<.001); at 2 hours after induction, CBT at induction and TBF ($R^2=.507$, p<.001); at 3 hours after induction, CBT at induction (${\beta}=0.34$), TBF, age and the ambient temperature in the operating room ($R^2=.449$, p<.001). Conclusion: CBT at induction and TBF appear to be factors affecting intraoperative CBT within 2 hours after induction of anesthesia; CBT at induction, TBF, advanced age and the ambient temperature after 3 hours following induction. We recommend keeping surgical patients warm before induction of anesthesia and providing intraoperative warming for surgical patients of advanced age with low TBF and when the duration of general anesthesia will last more than 3 hours.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1993

A cooperative Korea-Japan investigation for the demersal fisheries resources of the East China Sea carried out by using the training ship Oshoro Maru belong to Hok-kaido University, Japan, during 1-8 November, 1991. The research vessel sampled 15 stations with demersal trawls on the East China Sea, and 1,364 nautical miles of track line were surveyed hydroacoustically. The hydroacoustic observations were taken with a scientific echo sounder operating at two frequencies of 25 kHz and 100 kHz, and a microcomputer-based echo integrator. Fish samples were collected by demersal trawling, and temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were measured with a CTD system. The target strength of fish school was estimated from the relationship between mean scattering strength and catches caught by demersal trawling. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The mean backscattering strength for 15 layers occupied by demersal trawls at 25 kHz ranged from -70.4 dB to -59.1 dB. Then the catch per one hour ranged from 8.2 to 587.5 kg/hour. 2. The mean backscattering strength for the entire layer between transducer and seabed in the survey area of the East China Sea at 25 kHz and 100 kHz were -68.0 dB and -73.1 dB, respectively. 3. The mean fish-school target strength per one kilogram at 25 kHz and 100 kHz were -28.3 dB/kg, and -30.4 dB/kg, respectively.