• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Purpose - Foodservices have grown to over 60% of the franchise industry. However, despite reaching this high level, the foodservice franchise industry is experiencing severe ups and downs. While factors such as expansion by franchises and the entry of large multinational firms are causing this imbalance, the more serious problem faced by franchisees is the lack of know-how and correct operating procedures. Franchise headquarters should advise franchisees on important matters such as food ingredients, interior design, tableware, and fixtures. However, even though franchise headquarters have the ability to impart such management know-how, this is often a neglected area. Research design, data and methodology - This study was conducted in an industrial environment to present suitable competitive alternatives for foodservice franchises. Empirical analysis was conducted using a sample of 232 people with experience in targeting customers. The main purpose of this study is not to identify and analyze the factors affecting customer satisfaction. Customers of the Food Service Industry to invite contacts until departure for the service flow by identifying the expectations and allow this area by analyzing the resulting measures to enhance the competitiveness has presented. Results - Actual results contact factors affecting the quality of service on customer satisfaction was a significant influence. However, the end of this analysis, the actual customer satisfaction directly affects the quality of service that is only important factor can commit mistakes. Relatively large impact on customer satisfaction, which is relatively independent of the quality factor should be a review of zone of tolerance. In this study, eating phase relative to contact the service customer satisfaction was the most influential. The results, however, zone of tolerance for an area in the waiting and ordering dissatisfaction factors are appearing. And in the course of these services outside the zone of tolerance area is unsatisfactory evaluation is being done. Conclusions - After all, Foodservice, the contact service management for zone of tolerance the top priority should be can be seen. Foodservice contact first in the case of service quality factors caused by the continuous flow of services, so this step-by-step identification needs to be clearer. This, of course, to distinguish between the actual per unit of activity appears to be more difficult to follow, for it seems to need a lot of future complementary. Next is the assessment of customer service quality. Customers remember the experience for the services of a real contact through the assessment and service evaluation clearly emerge as the expected level can be difficult. However, this situation is controlled by the test method cannot be avoided unless there is no limit to the number of leave. Despite these limitations, the next step to contact a service evaluation and analysis have to continue to refine and thereby franchisees for the operation of the store in terms of practical know-how required to provide to the office believe.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

Purpose - This study provides evidence of the impact of the mandatory adoption of Korean equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (K-IFRS) on accounting quality. K-IFRS uses fair value as a basis of measurement and is characterized by principle-based standards. These characteristics can lead to a decrease in conservatism. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether or not there is a change in the level of conservatism before and after the enforcement of K-IFRS (2007~2014). By comparing 2007 through 2008 and 2013 through 2014 (excluding 2009 to 2012), we test "the temporary adjustment phenomenon" and document an overall decline in the degree of conservatism after the adoption of K-IFRS. Research design, data, and methodology - Our sample is comprised of data of all listed Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) manufacturing distribution companies in Korea from 2007 to 2014, which yields the pooled sample of 4,412 (panel A) and 1,915 (panel B) firm-year observations for hypotheses 1 and 2. In line with recent literature, we adopt the Givoly and Hayn (2000) model, which recomputes the non-operating accruals, excluding two components that are most likely to capture the effect of restructuring activities: special items and gains or losses from discontinued operations. In addition, we also use these variables: SIZE, LEV, INV_CYCLE, ROA, OWN, and FOR. Results - Our sample period spans 2007 to 2014. This offers evidence on the effect of the mandatory adoption of IFRS on conservatism. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, in panel A, for mandatory K-IFRS adoption (2011), we do not find any significant evidence of conservatism. We can guess that the "temporary adjustment phenomenon" is the reason that we do not find significant evidence of conservatism. Second, we investigate panel B from 2009 to 2012. We document an overall decline in the degree of conservatism after the adoption of K-IFRS. We can assume that these results are due to "the temporary adjustment phenomenon." Conclusions - This study finds that conservatism significantly decreased after IFRS adoption. In particular, this study makes the initial effort to elucidate "the temporary adjustment phenomenon" to analyze the effect of K-IFRS on conservative accounting. We argue that K-IFRS are conceptually conservative but that inappropriate application of the conservatism principles is likely to prevent financial reporting from reaching the level of conservatism targeted by the IASB. Overall, this paper contributes to the literature on IFRS and can be useful to capital market supervisors who are monitoring the trends of the firms implementing K-IFRS. Additionally, our results inform stakeholders of the potentially negative effect of the greater flexibility permitted by IFRS and/or lack of appropriate enforcement on key dimensions of accounting quality. This has important implications for Korean regulators and standard setters as they review the cost and benefits of IFRS. Our study also sheds light on the importance of the institutional environment in achieving the targeted objectives for improving financial reporting quality.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.59-70
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to suggest strategies for Korean enterprises advancing into the Vietnam bakery market by analyzing the effects of perceived values on brand preference and purchase intention among Korean and Vietnamese consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - The perceived value model designed includes functional (price, quality), emotional, and social values. The survey collected data from 500 consumers in Seoul (Korea) and HoChiMinh (Vietnam). The SPSS 18.0 package was used for analysis. Results - First, among Vietnamese consumers, perceived value had a positive (+) effect on global brand preference in the order of functional value of quality, social value, and the functional value of price. However, from an ethnocentric trend and brand image origin, emotional value had a negative effect on global brand preference. In contrast, among Korean consumers, perceived value had a positive (+) effect on global brand preference in the order of functional value of quality, the functional value of price, and the social value. However, emotional value had no effect on global brand preference. Second, for both Korean and Vietnamese consumers, perceived value had a significant positive effect on purchase intention. Third, unlike the Korean consumer, for the Vietnamese consumer, global brand preference had a significant effect on purchase intention. Conclusions - The study implies the following. First, the Vietnamese bakery market has a high proportion of middle-aged customers in their 40s (64%). In terms of monthly income, there was a large proportion (40%) of high-income earners (over $325). Therefore, bakery consumption can be seen as concentrated among middle-aged and high-income consumers. Based on this, bakery strategies should include efforts to increase purchase prices as well as ways to attract local consumers (large cities). Second, unlike Korean consumers, among Vietnamese consumers, the resistance to a global brand based on emotional value (the ethnocentric tendency and brand image origin) can be seen as relatively low. Thus, in the case of the Vietnam bakery market, to increase a global brand's preference, the company should develop a differentiated strategy so that Vietnamese consumers can recognize it better, focusing on product quality, good service quality, and price in the local environment and on social value for social development. Third, in the case of the Vietnamese customer, we found that social value exerts the greatest influence on purchase intention. Therefore, a brand that engenders an image of building the local Vietnamese community can achieve a higher social value and influence purchase intention. In addition, although Vietnamese consumers have ethnocentric tendencies in terms of products, we found that if it is a preferred global brand then there are intentions to purchase. Fourth, in the case of Vietnam, if the preference for global brands is formed, consumer awareness may be connected to purchase intention. Therefore, global brands operating in Vietnam should pay attention to how to improve consumer preferences for global brands in order to increase purchase intention.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.94-104
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• 2016

In this study, factor and cluster analysis are used to classify characteristics of the administrative basic unit, "Dong", of the Incheon Metropolitan City. Travel characteristics of the classified groups are then analyzed through databases to provide directions of urban transportation planning. First, industrially developed administrative-dong show a high commuting volume by using cars. Thus the analysis indicated the need to staggering work-hour system and signal operating system policy. Second, commercially developed administrative-dong show heavy use of public transportation and long distance commute as well as high volume of shoppers. The analysis indicated the need to improve road infrastructure. Third, densely populated administrative-dong show a high rate of commute to work and school as well as long hours of commuting. Thus the analysis indicated the need to improve road transportation policies during rush hours. Fourth, administrative-dong with multiple characteristics feature heavy pedestrian traffic thus the study analyzed the need to improve pedestrian environment policies. Lastly, administrative-dong in close proximity to train stations feature extensive use of biking as well as high volume of shoppers and students commuting. Thus the study analyzed the necessity to have plans to enhance accessibility.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1589-1597
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a system in a large-scale environment, such as desert and ocean, that can reduce the overall transmission power consumption in mobile sensor network. It is known that the transmission power consumption in wireless sensor network is proportional to the square of transmission distance. Therefore, if the locations of mobile sensors are far from the sink node, the power consumption required for data transmission increases, leading to shortened operating time of the sensors. Hence, in this paper, we propose a system that can reduce the power consumption by allowing to transmit data only if the transmission range of the sensors is within a predetermined distance. Moreover, the energy efficiency of the overall sensor network can even be improved by reducing the number of data transmissions at the sink node to gateway based on compressed sensing. The proposed system is actually implemented using Arduino and Raspberry Pi and it is confirmed that source data can be approximately decoded even when the gateway received encoded data fewer than the required number of data from the sink node. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed in theory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the visual landscape modelling on Josun royal tombs and surrounding. The visual landscape of traditional heritage is illustrated by the main view points of analysis. This analysis examines limited view points and cannot reflect a reality of environments. Nowadays various equipments and methodologies are developed for the visual landscape research. This study used new tools for analysis which are Sketch up (3D simulation) and mini helicopter (UAV). With those tools, this research examines not only view points of the analysis but also axis views and disincentive environments as a complex analysis. First of all, the research examined 3D modelling for the virtual simulation and drew coordinates and routes for the UAV operating. Secondly, UAV followed this routes and took linear and continuous views that are real scenes. As a result, it drew 3D simulation could illustrate and control the changing of environments such as the forest density and seasonal variations. Thus, comparing both of them shows efficiently landscape analysis. Thirdly, the study compared virtual and real landscape. Using this 3D modelling, this paper able to elaborate heritage environment and surrounding which omitted by view point analysis. Although this study has limitation practice and exercise on the field, the results and suggestions contribute to the various historic heritage managements and conservations. Moreover, it helps to explain the complex and dimensional landscape analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

As big data are one of main issues in the recent days, the interests on their technologies are also increasing. Among several technological bases, this study focuses on data visualization and R based on open source. In general, the term of data visualization can be summarized as the web technologies for constructing, manipulating and displaying various types of graphic objects in the interactive mode. R is an operating environment or a language for statistical data analysis from basic to advanced level. In this study, a web application with these technological aspects and components is newly implemented and exemplified with data visualization for geo-based open data provided by public organizations or government agencies. This application model does not need users' data building or proprietary software installation. Futhermore it is designed for users in the geo-spatial application field with less experiences and little knowledges about R. The results of data visualization by this application can support decision making process of web users accessible to this service. It is expected that the more practical and various applications with R-based geo-statistical analysis functions and complex operations linked to big data contribute to expanding the scope and the range of the geo-spatial application.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

With the rise of the interest in a renewable system, the importance of the Life Cycle Cost Analysis(LCCA), an economic evaluation tool, has been increasing. However, there is an inevitable gap between a real cost and an estimation from LCCA because of the uncertainty of the external environment in real world. As the input variables in an analysis, such as a real discount rate and an energy cost, ares subject to change as time goes by, strategic decision on the current operating system is made depending on the real cost. Current economic evaluation approaches have treated only the fluctuation of input variables without consideration of the flexibility in operation, which has consequently led to the impairment on the reliability of LCCA. Therefore, new approach needs to be proposed to consider both the uncertainty of input variables and operational flexibility. To address this issue, the application of the Real Option to LCCA is presented in this study. Through a case analysis of LCCA of a solar heating system, the limits and current status of LCCA are identified. As a result, quantitative presentation of strategic decisions has been added in the new approach to implement the traditional approach.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2017

The internal flow of a pump system that is installed in the interior of large vessels such as tankers is largely affected by the water level and flow conditions of the pump sump. However, the performance of the pump is generally evaluated with the consideration of only the performance of the pump itself, without considering the pumping station operating environment. Therefore, if the pump is affected by the incoming flow that exhibits vortex and swirl, the occurrence of vortex and swirl accompanied with air may cause problems with the pump sump. This effect of flow condition can lead to a decrease in efficiency, increase in vibration, and noise generation in the pump. In this study, to investigate the internal flow of the pump sump according to several water levels, a pump sump scale-model was designed and constructed. The frequency of vortex occurrence and the shape of the vortex were investigated according to the different water levels of a fundamental test. The Class C vortex type, which has a larger volume of air intake to the pump, was confirmed by the higher occurrence frequency at a relatively lower water level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2012

A planar solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC) is studied in its application in a high-temperature stationary power plant. Even though PSOFCs with external reformers are designed for application from the distributed power source to the central power plant, such PSOFCs may sacrifice more system efficiency than internally reformed SOFCs. In this study, modeling of the PSOFC with an external reformer was developed to analyze the feasibility of thermal energy utilization for the external reformer. The PSOFC system model includes the stack, reformer, burner, heat exchanger, blower, pump, PID controller, 3-way valve, reactor, mixer, and steam separator. The model was developed under the Matlab/Simulink environment with Thermolib$^{(R)}$ modules. The model was used to study the system performance according to its configuration. Three configurations of the SOFC system were selected for the comparison of the system performance. The system configuration considered the cathode recirculation, thermal sources for the external reformer, heat-up of operating gases, and condensate anode off-gas for the enhancement of the fuel concentration. The simulation results show that the magnitude of the electric efficiency of the PSOFC system for Case 2 is 12.13% higher than that for Case 1 (reference case), and the thermal efficiency of the PSOFC system for Case 3 is 76.12%, which is the highest of all the cases investigated.