• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.32-48
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• 2003

Korea is to open its medical markets to foreign hospitals starting in the year 2006 regardless of our will(DDA, Doha Development Agenda). To accurately understand the characteristics of Korean medical users, their detailed and various needs, their attitudes toward the opening of Korean medical markets, and factors affecting these users in choosing foreign medical service providers would be first step needs to be taken by the Korean medical facilities that need to survive and develope through the fiercely competitive era coming with the opening of Korean medical markets to foreign medical service providers and would be very important in hospital management. The subjects of this study were 500 patients randomly selected from the outpatients who visited one of university hospitals in Seoul on the 14th-16th days of April 2003, and conducted a self-completion questionnaire. The answers of 463 respondents among the selected patients(93% of a responding rate)were analyzed through the Excel and statistics programs. The attitudes on the opening of the medical markets were shown in agreement 56.5%(247 persons), disagreement 6.9%(30 persons), and no idea 36.6%(160 persons). In consideration of only the answers as agreement and disagreement exclusive of the answer as no idea, 89.2% of the respondents agreed to the opening of the medical markets while 10.8% objected to the opening. The approval rate was higher with the higher education and income levels. Moreover, The approval rate for the opening of the medical markets was relatively high regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most important reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option. The main reason of the disagreement was high medical fee(50.5%), and the other reasons showing low rates were outflow of the domestic fund to the foreign countries(13.6%), damage of medical influences on the public(11.4%), lack of competition of the domestic medical industry(9.1%)and so on. As for the factors of selecting the foreign hospitals in the opening of the medical markets, the patients considered the authority(competency)of doctors firstly, and the other principal factors were worldwide fame and reliance, specific explanation of doctors, modernized medical instruments, convenient consultation procedure, etc. The patients agreed to the opening of the medical markets at a high rate regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most principal reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option for the medical care. Connected with the factors to select the hospitals, the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets were the authority(competency)of the doctors as the first one, and then fame and tradition, reliance, overall diagnosis and modernized medical instruments, doctors specific explanation, and so on. However, these factors are actually associated with the Quality of the medical care, and consequently the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets are connected with the security of the medical care. Accordingly, the guarantee of the patients(national)option answered as the main reason of the agreement can be also understood as the awareness of the right to have a variety of options for the security of the medical quality.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2000

Jet flow can occur by gate opening at downstream of a hydraulic structure such as weir of drainage gate. If the stream bed is not hard or the bed protection is not sufficient, vortex erosion occurs and a resulting scour hole will be formed due to the high shear stress of the jet flow. Once the scour hole is formed, a vortex occurs in ti and this vortex causes additional erosion. If this erosion continues and reaches to the hydraulic structure, it can undermine the bottom of the hydraulic structure and this will lead to failure of the structure itself. Thus, it is necessary to define the physical features of the vortex structure in the scour hole for the design of the bed protection. This study presents the turbulent vortex structure in the scour hole by the gate opening of the hydraulic structure. Characteristics of vortex motion, circulation, vortex scale and vortex were analyzed through experiments. Experimental results of the vortex velocity were compared with theoretical ones. From these, circulation and vortex scale were obtained with known values of inflow depth, inflow velocity and scale of scour hole

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

An object of this study is to confirm the opening amount of the throttle valve that is begun the temperature separation of vortex tube for various engine speed and load condition in a common rail diesel engine. The vortex tube located at downstream of the exhaust manifold is a device separating the incoming exhaust gas to hot and cold stream. To find optimum separation efficiency of vortex tube, the opening amount of throttle valve has been investigated for various engine speed and load conditions. Engine speed was found that the influence of engine speed was dominant compared with that of engine load. As engine speed was increased, the throttle opening amount starting temperature separation was reduced.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.989-997
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• 2017

액체로켓엔진용 연소기 산화제 개폐밸브로 사용되는 밸브 개방 자체유지가능형 포핏밸브의 밸브 개방 특성을 파악하기 위해 밸브 개방 과정에서의 과도 응답 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 수치해석을 위해 구동가스 공급시스템을 하나의 오리피스로 모델링하고 밸브 행정 위치 및 구동압력 조건에 따라 밸브 무빙파트의 운동방정식을 유도하였다. 상온 및 연소시험에서의 밸브 작동 시험결과와 계산 결과의 비교를 통해 계산 결과의 신뢰성을 검증하였으며, 본 연구의 실제적인 적용 예로써 높은 구동압력에서의 밸브 개방 속도 조절을 위한 오리피스 적용 사례를 소개하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.2999-3007
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• 1994

The unsteady numerical simulations have been presented for the laminar natural convection in a partially open compartment. Computations were performed within the domain of the compartment in order to show the thermal radiation and the partially opening effects on the flow fields and heat transfer characteristics. The results were shown for different Planck numbers(0.05~5) and opening ratios(0.25~0.75) being fixed with Ra=$10^5$ and Pr=0.71. Considering the flow which is buoyancy driven from the heated wall, and the buoyancy is not much affected by the further outside region from the opening, the numerical computations have been performed without an outer region by the particular boundary treatments on the flow velocity and temperature at the different partial openings. The confined numerical domain reduced the CPU time and the memory of computer. P-1 approximation of radiative transfer equation was employed with Marshak type boundary conditions along with the pseudo-black body approximation at the partial openings. The numerical results clearly show that the natural convective flow and heat transfer are much affected by increase of thermal radiation particularly from the initial state. When thermal radiation is not much affecting the flow ($PL{\le}1$), it was found that thermal radiation effects are almost negligible.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2010

The present paper presents a study on the behavior and design of corrugated web steel beams with and without web openings. In the literature, the web opening problem in steel beams was dealt with mostly for steel beams with plane web plates and research on the effect of an opening on a corrugated web was found out to be very limited. The present study deals mainly with the effect of web openings on the transverse load carrying capacity of steel beams with sinusoidally corrugated webs. A general purpose finite element program (ABAQUS) was used. Simply supported corrugated web beams of 2 m length and with circular web openings at quarter span points were considered. These points are generally considered to be the optimum locations of web openings for steel beams. Various cases were analyzed including the size of the openings and the corrugation density which is a function of the magnitude and length of the sine wave. Models without web holes were also analyzed and compared with other cases which were all together examined in terms of load-deformation characteristics and ultimate web shear resistance.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2007

The drawbeads, which are used for controlling the flow of the sheet into die cavity by imposing the tension and for preventing the forming defects like wrinkling, springback, etc. during the sheet forming process, affect the formability strongly because of the differences in the restraint and opening forces according to the drawbead shapes and dimensions. In this study, the experimental device enabling to measure the drawbead restraining and opening forces is manufactured and the drawing forces of circular, square, and step drawbeads are measured. The drawbead restraining and opening forces of a circular drawbead are increased as its drawbead height is increased. Similarly, those of a square drawbead are increased as its height is increased and shoulder radii decreased. The drawbead forces obtained from the experiment were compared with those calculated in the numerical simulation of stamping process of automotive fender. Good agreement was found so that the experimental measurements can be used in the simulation of auto-body stamping process.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1149-1162
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• 2012

The impact of a considerable increase in traffic volume on the emission and concentrations of air pollutants was investigated at three beaches (Haeundae (HB), Gwanganri (GB), and Songjeong (SB)) in Busan during beach opening period (BOP) in 2011. During the BOP, passenger car was the major vehicle type, followed by taxi, and van. CO was the major contributor of total air pollutant emissions followed by NOx, VOC, and $PM_{10}$. For the temporal variation of the emission of air pollutants during the BOP, it was generally the highest in the afternoon followed by the evening and morning, except for SB. For the spatial variation of their emission, it was the highest at GB followed by SB and HB. The emissions of air pollutants during the BOP were generally higher than those during the Non-BOP, except for HB. In contrast, the significant impact of the traffic volume increase on the concentrations of air pollutants at monitoring sites near the three beaches during the BOP were not found compared to the Non-BOP due to the significant distances between monitoring sites of air pollutants and monitoring sites of traffic volume at the beaches.

• 교육시설
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

In the knowledge-base 21st century, schools are required functions as a place of education for student as well as a place of life-long education for community. Therefore schools are needed to be open and to be multiple. The purpose of this study is to analysis of open-facilities to community of twenty elementary schools in Busan and to suggest a design guideline for open -facilities of school plan at the base of this analysis. The main contents of this study are as follows: 1) Study for general ideals and necessity of opening school facilities to community. 2) Establish the study objects of the opening facilities by existing studies and a questionnaire. 3) Focused on twenty elementary schools in Busan, analysis of the characteristics of opening facilities in terms of the using efficiency, that is, the approachability, the recognition and the territoriality. 4) At the base of 1) 2) 3), results are as follows: $\circ$ In consideration of approachability, the block plan of the open-facilities should be designed at making a circulation system without interruption of the student's educational area. $\circ$ In consideration of recognition, the form and detail of external and internal of the open-facilities should be designed at making distinction with the student's educational area. $\circ$ In consideration of territoriality, the zone of the open-facilities should be designed at composing exclusive hall, staircase and sanitation.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

A model test is carried out to investigate flow-induced vibration of a Tainter gate in estuary sulices. The gate model scaled with the ratio of 1：25 is made of acryl panel dimensioned 0.66m in width, 0.5m in height in the concrete test flume. Firstly, natural frequencies of the model gate are measured and the results are compared with the numerical results in order to verify the model. The amplitudes of the vibration are measured under the different gate opening and water level conditions in flow from the gate outside to the gate inside. Also 5 revised gate models with bottom width increased 0.5 cm each are tested under the different gate opening and water level. The results are analyzed to study the characteristics of the gate vibration. These test results are assessed in comparison with formerly test results, as a result, presents a design method of Tainter gate to reduce the gate vibration and a basic data for the guide manuals of gate management.