• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.923-930
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• 2008

The butterfly valve is widely used in the industrial field as an on-off or a flow control valve. When the butterfly valve is used as a flow control valve. cavitation sometimes occurs in the range of high flow rate because of the small valve opening. Therefore. the pressure loss and the cavitation characteristics are investigated by use of a commercial CFD code. The results show that the possibility of cavitation occurrence in the cryogenic butterfly valve is very high in the case of valve opening angle below 10 degree and incident velocity over 6m/s. By increasing the inlet velocity at 10 degree of valve opening angle. the value of loss coefficient increased. However. by increasing the inlet velocity at 50 degree of valve opening angle. the value of loss coefficient decreased.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.136-144
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• 1997

The characteristics of fatigue crack growth subject to out-of-plane bending fatigue are studied in terms of crack opening behavior by using pre-cracked smooth specimens. Crack opening stress is measured by an elastic compliance method which may precisely and continuously provide many date using strain gages during experiment. The results of the short crack and the long crack arranged by crack closure concept show that the effective stress gange ratio of short crack is grester than that of long crack, and ano- malous growth behavior of short crack may be elucidated by the variation of crack opening stress. When the variation of fatigue crack growth rate is arranged versus effective stress intensity factor range. Iinear relation is held also for the short crack. It shows that growth behavior of short crack can be quantitatively represent- ed by the fracture mechanics parameter using effective stress intensity factor range.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.24-32
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• 1995

The scavenging characteristics have a great influence on the performance of a diesel engine, especially slow-speed two-stroke diesel engines which are usually used as a marine propulsion power plant, and they are greatly affected by the conditions in the cylinder, intake and exhaust manifolds, and the opening and closing timing of scavenging ports or exhaust valves during the gas exchange process. Besides, there are many other factors to affect the scavenging characteristics and these factors interact each other very complicatedly. Therefore the simulation program of the gas exchange process is very useful to improve and predict the scavenging characteristics, due to the high costs associated with redesign and testing. In this paper it was attenpted to investigate the effect of the variation of the pressure ratio of intake to exhaust manifolds, and the variation of the opening and closing timing of a exhaust valve by using a computational program for a three-zone scavenging model which was developed by authors. The computed results showed that the scavenging efficiency and delivery ratio increased considerably, but the trapping efficiency decreased with increasing of the pressure ratio of intake to exhaust manifolds. The scavenging efficiency, trapping efficiency, and th conditions of the cylinder gases were affected by the opening timing of the exhaust valve, but the delivery ratio by the closing timing.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2013

실규모 환기부족 구획화재에서 수직 개구부의 형상 및 위치변화에 따른 열 및 화학적 화재특성 변화를 수치적으로 검토하기 위하여, 이론적 최대 공기 유입량을 결정하는 환기인자($A\sqrt{h}$)와 heptane pool 화재의 질량 감소율이 모든 조건에 대하여 동일하게 설정되었다. 주요 결과로서, 출입문 형상의 변화는 구획 내부의 열 및 화학적특성 변화에 큰 영향을 미친다. 창문 위치의 변화는 화재지속시간 및 재순환 유동구조를 포함한 추가적인 화재특성의 복잡한 변화를 초래하였다. 이들 결과는 개구부 유동 및 연료/공기의 혼합현상을 포함한 다차원 유동 및 화재특성을 통해 상세히 분석되었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.443-446
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• 2005

The Kaplan turbine model has been tested and analyzed. The blade angle and the guide vane opening of the turbine model were designed to be varied according to the best combination of guide vane and runner blade opening. When the changes in head and output were comparatively large, the efficiency drop were small, so the efficiency characteristics and stability of the entire operating condition were maintained in good condition. These results showed that the developed model in this study will be suitable for small hydro power stations with large changes in head and load.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.250-263
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• 2005

암반 내 형성된 과도한 초기응력장은 굴착 공동 주변에 점진적이고 국부적인 취성파괴를 유발시킴으로서 시공의 안정성과 경제성을 확보하는데 장애 요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 응력 수준 증가에 따른 공동 주변의 취성파괴 거동 특성을 파악하기 위해 축소된 원형 터널 공시체를 이용한 이축압축시험과 입자 결합 모델을 이용하여 개별요소법의 일종인 $PFC^{2D}$ 해석에 의한 연구를 수행하였다. 실내 이축압축시험을 통해 취성파괴의 발생 영역과 형태 면에서 실제 암반 공동 주변에서 발생된 파괴 특성과 유사한 파괴 거동을 모사할 수 있었다. 응력 강도비 증가에 따라 진행된 균열 발전단계를 미소파괴음 특성 변수들에 대한 상세 분석을 통해 평가하였다. $PFC^{2D}$ 해석을 통해 공동 주변에서의 미세 균열 발생과 전파 과정을 성공적으로 가시화하였으며 이를 통해 이축 압축시험 결과의 신뢰성과 시험방법의 적정성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.881-886
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• 2003

In spite of its simple design, structure and operating mechanism, swing check valves are one of the critical components which adversely affect the safety of the nuclear power plants if they fail to function properly. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the performance condition of the swing check valves in safety-related systems. The performance characteristics of swing check valves include opening characteristics, the minimum required flow velocity, the pressure drop at design flow, the disc stability, and the effect of the upstream disturbances. Among factors to identify the performance of a swing check valve, a method to evaluate the opening characteristics and the minimum required flow velocity, which guarantees to fully open the disc and hold the disc without motion, are presented to determine the operating region of the swing check valve, such as stable, tapping, or oscillation. Based on the determined operating region and opening characteristics, the simple methods of wear and fatigue analyses of the specific parts of the valve are also described.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.215-220
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to examine the fracture characteristics of concrete at early ages such as critical stress intensity factor, critical crack-tip opening displacement, fracture energy based on the concepts of the effective-elastic crack model and the cohesive crack model. A wedge splitting test for Mode I was performed on cubic wedge specimens with a notch at the edge. By varying strength and age, load-crack mouth opening displacement curves were obtained and the results were analyzed by linear elastic fracture mechanics. The results from the test and analysis showed that critical stress intensity factor and fracture energy increased, and critical crack-tip opening displacement decreased with concrete age from 1 day to 28 days. The obtained fracture parameters at early ages may be used as a fracture criterion and an input data for finite element analysis of concrete at early ages.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to simulate flow coefficient and flow characteristics such as velocity and pressure distribution for butterfly valve. Butterfly valves used in this study are 65A, 80A and 100A, in size, and of which the opening angle is varied. The flow coefficient, Kv, increases as the disc opening and valve size are increase. When using flow coefficient meanwhile specific curve of flow rate is also determined. The flow velocity between disc and seat increase as the disc opening decrease. The re-circulating zone is also observed in downstream behind disc.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권3E호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to examine fracture characteristics of concrete at early ages, i.g. critical stress intensity factor, critical crack-tip opening displacement, fracture energy, and bilinear softening curve based on the concepts of effective-elastic crack model and cohesive crack model. A wedge splitting test for Mode I was performed on cubic wedge specimens with a notch at the edge. By experimenting with various strengths and ages, load-crack mouth opening curves were obtained, and the results were analyzed by linear elastic fracture mechanics and FEM(finite element method). The results from the test and analysis showed that critical stress intensity factor and facture energy increased while critical crack-tip opening displacement decreased with concrete aging from 1 day to 28 days. Four parameters of bilinear softening curve from 1 day to 28 days were obtained from a numerical analysis. The obtained fracture parameters and bilinear softening curves at early ages from this study are to be used as a fracture criterion and an input data for the finite element analysis of concrete at early ages.