• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

Objective: Porcine respiratory disease is one of the most important health problems causing significant economic losses. To understand the genetic basis for susceptibility to swine enzootic pneumonia (EP) in pigs, we detected 102,809 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a total of 249 individuals based on genome-wide sequencing data. Methods: Genome comparison of susceptibility to swine EP in three pig breeds (Jinhua, Erhualian, and Meishan) with two western lines that are considered more resistant (Duroc and Landrace) using cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity and F-statistic (F_ST) statistical approaches identified 691 positively selected genes. Based on quantitative trait loci, gene ontology terms and literature search, we selected 14 candidate genes that have convincible biological functions associated with swine EP or human asthma. Results: Most of these genes were tested by several methods including transcription analysis and candidate genes association study. Among these genes: cytochrome P450 1A1 and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) are involved in fertility; transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 plays a role in meat quality traits; Wnt family member 2, CTNNB1 and transcription factor 7 take part in adipogenesis and fat deposition simultaneously; plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (completely linked to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, r² = 1) plays an essential role in the successful ovulation of matured oocytes in pigs; colipase like 2 (strongly linked to SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor, r² = 0.848) is involved in male fertility. Conclusion: These adverse genes susceptible to swine EP may be selected while selecting for economic traits (especially reproduction traits) due to pleiotropic and hitchhiking effect of linked genes. Our study provided a completely new point of view to understand the genetic basis for susceptibility or resistance to swine EP in pigs thereby, provides insight for designing sustainable breed selection programs. Finally, the candidate genes are crucial due to their potential roles in respiratory diseases in a large number of species, including human.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2014

Species belonging to the genus Fusarium are widely distributed and cause diseases in many plants. Isolation of fungal strains from air or cereals is necessary for disease forecasting, disease diagnosis, and population genetics [1]. Previously we showed that Fusarium species are resistant to toxoflavin produced by the bacterial rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae while other fungal genera are sensitive to the toxin, resulting in the development of a selective medium for Fusarium species using toxoflavin [2]. In this study, we have tried to elucidate the resistant mechanism of F. graminearum against toxoflavin and interaction between the two pathogens in nature. To test whether B. glumae affects the development of F. graminearum, the wild-type F. graminearum strains were incubated with either the bacterial strain or supernatant of the bacterial culture. Both conditions increased the conidial production five times more than when the fungus was incubated alone. While co-incubation resulted in dramatic increase of conidial production, conidia germination delayed by either the bacterial strain or supernatant. These results suggest that certain factors produced by B. glumae induce conidial production and delay conidial germination in F. graminearum. To identify genes related to toxoflavin resistance in F. graminearum, we screened the transcriptional factor mutant library previously generated in F. graminearum [3] and identified one mutant that is sensitive to toxoflavin. We analyzed transcriptomes of the wild-type strain and the mutant strain under either absence or presence of toxoflavin through RNAseq. Expression level of total genes of 13,820 was measured by reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM). Under the criteria with more than two-fold changes, 1,440 genes were upregulated and 1,267 genes were down-regulated in wild-type strain than mutant strain in response to toxoflavin treatment. A comparison of gene expression profiling between the wild type and mutant through gene ontology analysis showed that genes related to metabolic process and oxidation-reduction process were highly enriched in the mutant strain. The data analyses will focus on elucidating the resistance mechanism of F. graminearum against toxoflavin and the interaction between the two pathogens in rice. Further evolutionary history will be traced through figuring out the gene function in populations and in other filamentous fungi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.320-333
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• 2019

Objective: The Shanghai Holstein cattle breed is susceptible to severe mastitis and other diseases due to the hot weather and long-term humidity in Shanghai, which is the main distribution centre for providing Holstein semen to various farms throughout China. Our objective was to determine the genetic mechanisms influencing economically important traits, especially diseases that have huge impact on the yield and quality of milk as well as reproduction. Methods: In our study, we detected the structural variations of 1,092 Shanghai Holstein cows by using next-generation sequencing. We used the DELLY software to identify deletions and insertions, cn.MOPS to identify copy-number variants (CNVs). Furthermore, we annotated these structural variations using different bioinformatics tools, such as gene ontology, cattle quantitative trait locus (QTL) database and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Results: The average number of high-quality reads was 3,046,279. After filtering, a total of 16,831 deletions, 12,735 insertions and 490 CNVs were identified. The annotation results showed that these mapped genes were significantly enriched for specific biological functions, such as disease and reproduction. In addition, the enrichment results based on the cattle QTL database showed that the number of variants related to milk and reproduction was higher than the number of variants related to other traits. IPA core analysis found that the structural variations were related to reproduction, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. According to the functional analysis, structural variations were important factors affecting the variation of different traits in Shanghai Holstein cattle. Our results provide meaningful information about structural variations, which may be useful in future assessments of the associations between variations and important phenotypes in Shanghai Holstein cattle. Conclusion: Structural variations identified in this study were extremely different from those of previous studies. Many structural variations were found to be associated with mastitis and reproductive system diseases; these results are in accordance with the characteristics of the environment that Shanghai Holstein cattle experience.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.361-389
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• 2017

이 논문은 미국의 젠더 이론가이자 퀴어 학자로 알려진 주디스 버틀러의 후기의 정치윤리 사상, 그중에서도 '프레카리티' 정치윤리 사상을 한나 아렌트의 '비선택적 공거'와 연결해서 최신저서 "집회의 수행성 이론 소고"(2015)를 중심으로 고찰하려 한다. 점점 제한된 사회적 정치적 불안정에 놓이게 되는 지구상 모든 인구의 평화로운 공존을 모색하려는 버틀러의 프레카리티 정치 사상은 레비나스의 타자 윤리학과 아렌트의 정치철학의 영향을 받아 윤리와 정치를 결합하고자 한다. 우선 인간은 인간의 조건인 이 지구상에서 자신이 누구와 살지를 결정할 수 없다. 이런 '비선택적 공거'는 한나 아렌트가 "인간의 조건"에서 주장하는 '행위'의 근본적 조건인 '다원성'과 관련된다. 인간의 모든 측면이 정치에 어느 정도 관련되지만 다원성은 특히 정치적 삶의 필요조건일 뿐 아니라 가능조건이라는 면에서 절대 조건이다. 두 번째로 버틀러에게 유대적 선민사상을 부정하는 비선택적 공거는 내가 모르는 다른 여러 타인들과 함께 사는 삶의 가능성, 모두가 근본적으로 취약하기 때문에 상호의존속에 살아가는 보편적 프레카리티의 정치로 연결될 수 있다. 다원적 인간이 지구상에 공존한다는 사실은 인간의 몸이 가지는 근본적 취약성과 상호 의존성에 근간한 '몸의 정치학'을 가능케한다. 불안정성과 구분되는 '프레카리티'는 지구상에 디아스포라처럼 확산되는 다양한 인간의 불확실한 삶에서 평등과 자유를 확장할 수 있기에 윤리적이다. 프레카리티에 입각한 윤리적 의무 개념은 버틀러가 "불확실한 삶" 이후 "갈림길"뿐 아니라 "전쟁의 틀"에서도 강조한 개념이다. 누구든 사회세계의 프레카리티를 피할 수 없으며 그럼 점에서 프레카리티의 보편적 차원이 우리 모두의 비토대적 연결점이 된다. 버틀러가 주장하는 상호의존성은 평등의 관점에서 지속가능한 상호의존성을 양성하기 위한 사회적이고 정치적인 형식의 투쟁이며, 평등을 향한 윤리적 요구는 근거리와 원거리의 가역성에 달려있다. 다시 말해 상호의존성이 비선택적 공거의 특징이라면 원근의 가역성은 프레카리티 시대의 윤리적 의무다. 윤리적 요구는 비선택적 공거, 비의도적 근접성이라는 조건 때문에 모르는 사람의 삶도 존중해야하고, 이런 의무는 정치적 삶의 사회적 조건속에 있으며, 이는 아렌트의 평등 및 레비나스의 노출과 맞닿는다. '비선택적 공거'와 '비의도적 근접성'에 입각한 버틀러의 프레카리티 정치는 정치와 윤리의 접합이자 보편 주체의 비토대적 연결점이다.