• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2345-2358
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• 2022

This paper presents a method to generate stained-glass animation from video inputs. The method initially segments an input video volume into several regions considered as fragments of glass by mean-shift segmentation. However, the segmentation predominantly results in over-segmentation, causing several tiny segments in a highly textured area. In practice, assembling significantly tiny or large glass fragments is avoided to ensure architectural stability in stained glass manufacturing. Therefore, we use low-frequency components in the segmentation to prevent over-segmentation and subdivide segmented regions that are oversized. The subdividing must be coherent between adjacent frames to prevent temporal artefacts, such as flickering and the shower door effect. To temporally subdivide regions coherently, we obtain a panoramic image from the segmented regions in input frames, subdivide it using a weighted Voronoi diagram, and thereafter project the subdivided regions onto the input frames. To render stained glass fragment for each coherent region, we determine the optimal match glass fragment for the region from a dataset consisting of real stained-glass fragment images and transfer its color and texture to the region. Finally, applying lead came at the boundary of the regions in each frame yields temporally coherent stained-glass animation.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.204-216
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• 2006

Latest advances in hardware technology and state of the art of mobile robot and artificial intelligence research can be employed to develop autonomous and distributed monitoring systems. And mobile service robot requires the perception of its present position to coexist with humans and support humans effectively in populated environments. To realize these abilities, robot needs to keep track of relevant changes in the environment. This paper proposes a localization of mobile robot using the images by distributed intelligent networked devices (DINDs) in intelligent space (ISpace) is used in order to achieve these goals. This scheme combines data from the observed position using dead-reckoning sensors and the estimated position using images of moving object, such as those of a walking human, used to determine the moving location of a mobile robot. The moving object is assumed to be a point-object and projected onto an image plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides position data of the object based on the kinematics of the intelligent space. Using the a priori known path of a moving object and a perspective camera model, the geometric constraint equations that represent the relation between image frame coordinates of a moving object and the estimated position of the robot are derived. The proposed method utilizes the error between the observed and estimated image coordinates to localize the mobile robot, and the Kalman filtering scheme is used to estimate the location of moving robot. The proposed approach is applied for a mobile robot in ISpace to show the reduction of uncertainty in the determining of the location of the mobile robot. Its performance is verified by computer simulation and experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.529-532
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• 2006

과학기술 연구자들의 협업을 지원하기 위해서 정보 자원 공유에 기반한 정보 유통 체제가 필요하나 현재 정보 유통 체제에서는 서로 이질적인 형태로 정보가 표현되어 있기 때문에 정보 공유의 기술적 한계를 갖고 있다. 그리고 대량의 정보 속에서 사용자가 원하는 정보를 선별하여 제공하기 위해서는 새로운 정보 유통 플랫폼이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 지식 기반 정보 유통 플랫폼 상에서 이용되는 국가과학기술 R&D 기반정보를 지식화하기 위해 국가과학기술 R&D 기반정보 온톨로지를 구축하여 이용함으로써 각 기관별로 관리하고 있는 인력, 성과물 등의 과학기술 R&D 기반 정보의 표준화된 지식관리 체계로 이용할 수 있다. 우리는 국가과학기술 R&D 기반정보 온톨로지를 구축하기 위하여 한국과학기술정보연구원(KSITI) 내부 성과물 정보의 실제 데이터들을 이용하여 온톨로지의 Individuals를 생성하였다. 정보 유통 플랫폼에서 온톨로지 형태로 구축된 지식을 이용하면 과학기술 R&D 기반정보에 대한 효율적인 관리가 가능하고, 정형화된 형태의 지식으로 개념화했기 때문에 지식 데이터의 공유와 재사용이 가능하다. 또한 단순 질의 검색이 아닌 의미 기반 추론을 이용한 지식 검색이 가능해지는 장점을 가진다. 우리가 구축한 국가 과학기술 R&D 기반정보 온톨로지를 이용하여 정보유통플랫폼(OntoFrame-K)에서 연구자 네트워크, 연구자 추적, 연구맵의 추론 서비스를 제공한다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

The present study investigated the role of ERK in the onset of mechanical and cold allodynia in a rat model of compression of the trigeminal ganglion by examining changes in the air-puff thresholds and number of scratches following the intracisternal injection of PD98059, a MEK inhibitor. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 250 and 260 g were used. Under anesthesia, the rats were mounted onto a stereotaxic frame and received 4% agar ($10\;{\mu}l$) solution to compress the trigeminal ganglion. In the control group, the animals were given a sham operation without the application of agar. Changes in behavior were examined at 3 days before and at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 30, and 40 days after surgery. Compression of the trigeminal ganglion significantly decreased the air-puff thresholds. Mechanical allodynia was established within 3 days and persisted over postoperative day 24. To evaluate cold allodynia, nociceptive scratching behavior was monitored after acetone application on the vibrissa pad of the rats. Compression of the trigeminal ganglion was found to produce significant cold allodynia, which persisted for more than 40 days after surgery. On postoperative day 14, the intracisternal administration of $1\;{\mu}g$ or $10\;{\mu}g$ of PD98059 in the rat model significantly decreased the air-puff thresholds on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side. The intracisternal administration of $10\;{\mu}g$ of PD98059 also significantly alleviated the cold allodynia, compared with the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that central ERK plays an important role in the development of mechanical and cold allodynia in rats with compression of the trigeminal ganglion and that a targeted blockade of this pathway is a potential future treatment strategy for trigeminal neuralgia-like nociception.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2010

Carbon nanotubes have drawn attention as one of the most promising emitter materials ever known not only due to their nanometer-scale radius of curvature at tip and extremely high aspect ratios but also due to their strong mechanical strength, excellent thermal conductivity, good chemical stability, etc. Some applications of CNTs as emitters, such as X-ray tubes and microwave amplifiers, require high current emission over a small emitter area. The field emission for high current density often damages CNT emitters by Joule heating, field evaporation, or electrostatic interaction. In order to endure the high current density emission, CNT emitters should be optimally fabricated in terms of material properties and morphological aspects: highly crystalline CNT materials, low gas emission during electron emission in vacuum, optimal emitter distribution density, optimal aspect ratio of emitters, uniform emitter height, strong emitter adhesion onto a substrate, etc. We attempted a novel approach to fabricate CNT emitters to meet some of requirements described above, including highly crystalline CNT materials, low gas emission, and strong emitter adhesion. In this study, CNT emitters were fabricated by filtrating an aqueous suspension of highly crystalline thin multiwalled CNTs (Hanwha Nanotech Inc.) through a metal mesh. The metal mesh served as a support and fixture frame of CNT emitters. When 5 ml of the CNT suspension was engaged in filtration through a 400 mesh, the CNT layers were formed to be as thick as the mesh at the mesh openings. The CNT emitter sample of $1{\times}1\;cm^2$ in size was characteristic of the turn-on electrical field of 2.7 V/${\mu}m$ and the current density of 14.5 mA at 5.8 V/${\mu}m$ without noticeable deterioration of emitters. This study seems to provide a novel fabrication route to simply produce small-size CNT emitters for high current emission with reliability.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2009

Under-fired charbroiling cooking processes are known as important contributors of particulate matter (PM). In this study, we characterized the emission of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking processes using the hood method. Accumulated mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ was 92.2~99.5% and particle size of 2.0~2.5 ${\mu}m$ was highest. The concentration of PM increased very sharply at the beginning of charbroiling meats and then gradually decreased as the charbroiling continued. PM concentration also increased very sharply when gravy from meat spilled onto the frame of fire. However, mass concentration during charbroiling using only charcoals was very low compared to that of meats. We estimated the emission factors of charcoal, pork belly and pork shoulder respectively; 0.01~0.02 g/kg, 5.02~6.26 g/kg, 2.86~4.15 g/kg of $PM_{2.5}$, 0.01~0.03 g/kg, 7.44~7.91 g/kg, 4.54~5.56 g/kg of $PM_{10}$, and 0.02~0.05 g/kg, 7.59~7.95 g/kg, 4.93~5.68 g/kg of TSP. The emission factors of charcoal were negligible and the emission factors of pork belly were higher than that of pork shoulder. Emission rates of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking process were estimated as 578,009~1,265,152 kg/yr of $PM_{2.5}$, 917,539~1,598,619 kg/yr of $PM_{10}$ and 996.358~1,606,703 kg/yr of TSP. But emission factors should be verified with an in-stack cascade impactor because the reported method involves some assumptions.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2009

We recently described a novel animal model of trigeminal neuropathic pain following compression of the trigeminal ganglion (Ahn et al., 2009). In our present study, we adapted this model using male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 250-260 g and then analyzed the behavioral responses of these animals following modified chronic compression of the trigeminal ganglion. Under anesthesia, the rats were mounted onto a stereotaxic frame and a 4% agar solution ($10{\mu}L$) was injected in each case on the dorsal surface of the trigeminal ganglion to achieve compression without causing injury. In the control group, the rats received a sham operation without agar injection. Air-puff, acetone, and heat tests were performed at 3 days before and at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 30, 40, 55, and 70 days after surgery. Compression of the trigeminal ganglion produced nociceptive behavior in the trigeminal territory. Mechanical allodynia was established within 3 days and recovered to preoperative levels at approximately 60 days following compression. Mechanical hyperalgesia was also observed at 7 days after compression and persisted until the postoperative day 40. Cold hypersensitivity was established within 3 days after compression and lasted beyond postoperative day 55. In contrast, compression of the trigeminal ganglion did not produce any significant thermal hypersensitivity when compared with the sham operated group. These findings suggest that compression of the trigeminal ganglion without any injury produces prolonged nociceptive behavior and that our rat model is a useful system for further analysis of trigeminal neuralgia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.333-342
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• 2012

This paper presents a vowel onset point (VOP) detection method based on the human auditory system. This method maps the "perceptual" frequency scale, i.e. Mel scale onto a linear acoustic frequency, and then establishes a series of Triangular Mel-weighted Filter Bank simulate the function of band pass filtering in human ear. This nonlinear critical-band filter bank helps greatly reduce the data dimensionality, and eliminate the effect of harmonic waves to make the formants more prominent in the nonlinear spaced Mel spectrum. The sum of mel spectrum peaks energy is extracted as feature for each frame, and the instinct at which the energy amplitude starts rising sharply is detected as VOP, by convolving with Gabor window. For the single-word database which contains 12 vowels articulated with different kinds of consonants, the experimental results showed a good average detection rate of 72.73%, higher than other vowel detection methods based on short-time energy and zero-crossing rate.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.85.2-85.2
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• 2011

A new infrared spectro-polarimeter was installed in 2008 onto the Solar Flare Telescope of NAOJ in the Mitaka headquarters. The Solar Flare Telescope had been operated previously as a filter-based magnetograph and obtained vector magnetograms of active regions with the Fe I 630.3nm line during 1992 - 2005. The aim of this new instrument is to measure the distribution of magnetic helicity over the whole Sun and for an extended period with high magnetic sensitivity in the infrared wavelengths. This spectro-polarimter is able to obtain polarizations in both photospheric and chromospheric layers. In order to take full Stokes profiles, we observe Fe I 1564.8 nm and He I 1083.0 nm lines (with the neighboring photospheric Si line) for the photospheric and chromospheric magnetic field vectors, respectively. The infrared detector of this instrument is a $640{\times}512$-pixel InGaAs camera produced by a Belgian company Xenics. The frame rate of the camera is 90 frames/sec. The 640-pixel row of this camera is set along the spectrograph slit of the polarimeter. Since the slit only covers the solar hemisphere, a full disk map is obtained by raster scanning the solar disk twice. A magnetic map is made of about $1200{\times}1200$ pixels with a pixel size of 1.8 arcsec. It generally takes 1.5 hours to scan the whole Sun. Although some issues on the instrument calibration still remain, a few maps of the whole Sun at the two wavelengths are now taken daily. In this presentation, we will introduce the instrument and present some observational results.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.463-467
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• 2015

The air-bubble sheet has been widely used to wrap fragile products for long-distance transportation. The further usage of the air-bubble sheet as a thermal-insulation material for the reduction of the thermal conductivities of window systems has occurred because of its low price, in addition to its thermal-conductivity properties. In this study, the thermal performances of a variety of commercial air-bubble sheets according to various applications were evaluated. The experiments were performed with single-glazed and double-glazed windows and three types of air-bubble sheets of different air volumes. U-values are used and were calculated for the determination of the thermal performances that are based on the KS F 2278. The maximum decrease of the U-value was measured as 1.092 when a sheet was attached onto the frame of single-glazed window. The square-like air-bubble sheet that contains the largest air volume shows the highest thermal-resistance value. Double layers of the air-bubble sheets show better performances than those of the single layers on both sides of the windows.