• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.202-215
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• 2010

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of otolaryngology and respiratory diseases and characteristics of the outpatients who had visited Chuncheon oriental medical hospital which located in Gangwon province with the diseases. Methods : We analyzed data from 627 patients, who had visited to the Department of ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology of Chuncheon oriental medical hospital from November 1st, 2007 to May 31th, 2010. The data were analyzed and demonstrated by age, gender, season, period between the onset of disease and the first examination, times of treatment, and treatment methods. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. Among the 627 outpatients, male patients outnumbered female patients, and the most frequent age group was 0-10 year-old group(24.9%) and it is followed by 31-40 and 41-50 year-old groups. The majority of outpatients, 79.7% of them were from Chuncheon, and Hongcheon and Gapyeong residents were respectively 4.7% and 3.8% of the patients. 2. The shares of outpatients by department were 47.4% in Rhinology disease, 29.8% in respiratory disease, 14.5% in Otology disease, and 8.3% in Laryngology disease. The seasons with the most frequent prevalence by department were spring and winter for otology group, autumn and spring for rhinology group, summer and spring for laryngology group, and winter and spring for respiratory disease group. Overall, most outpatients had visited the hospital for 1-5 times or 6-10 times. Acupuncture and herbal medicine were the most frequent treatment methods that these patients received. 3. The most prevalent diseases were rhinitis, common cold, tinnitus, and sinusitis. The most frequently visited age groups for tinnitus and hearing loss were 41-50 and 51-60 year-old groups, and for rhinitis and sinusitis 0-10 and 11-20 year-old groups. Irritation in larynx was almost evenly prevalent among 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 age groups. Regarding the period between the onset of disease and the first medical examination, outpatients with tinnitus, rhinitis, sinusitis, and irritation in larynx came to the hospital after one year since the onset and outpatients with common cold first visited the hospital within one week since the onset of disease. Conclusions : This study shows that the most frequent diseases were rhinitis, common cold, sinusitis, tinnitus, and cough. In order to do better treatment for these diseases in the future, there is a need to investigate long-term, multifaceted studies, connected studies with other hospital in Gangwon province.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.3 s.68
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• pp.409-417
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• 1998

The 123 left hand-wrist radiographs and menarcheal ages attained by direct questioning to patients or her mothers are used, in order to exploit the relationship between the bone maturity and the menarcheal age of girls in adolescence. The results were as follows, 1. The mean age at menarche was $12.31{\pm}0.99$. 2. The onset of menarche occurred at SMI 7 and SMI 8 ($73.33\%$). The onset of menarche was correlated with skeletal age rather than chronological age. 3. There was statistically significant difference among the time passed from menarche according to skeletal maturity level. 4. The distal epiphyseal union of radius began at about 20 months after menarche. 5. In comparision of the time intervals from menarche to radial epiphyseal fusion among early, average, and late menarcheal age groups, late group had lesser time interval than other two groups.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to exam the effects of the Abbreviated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(ACBT) on chronic insomnia. Methods: Study was one-group interrupted time series study that involved 13 adults(mean age=51.7, aged 25-77 years) with chronic primary insomnia who visited sleep disorder clinic of S Hospital from November 2004 to October 2005. The subjects received 2-session individual ACBT with 2 week-interval($1^{st}$: 1.5- 2hrs, $2^{nd}$: 20-30min). To measure the subjective insomnia severity and sleep patterns, 3 times of insomnia severity index and sleep logs were completed(before ACBT, after ACBT, and 3-month after ACBT). The main outcomes were subjective insomnia severity and sleep patterns(sleep onset latency, waking after sleep onset, and total sleep time, sleep efficiency). The data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 version program by Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction. Results: There were statistically significant decrease in insomnia severity index, sleep onset latency, and waking after sleep onset, and increase total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Conclusion: ACBT was effective in reducing subjective insomnia severity and improving sleep patterns. Sleep improvement was better sustained over time with ACBT.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2007

Objectives : Recent educational efforts have concentrated on patient's early hospital arrival after symptom onset. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time interval between symptom onset and hospital arrival and to investigate its relation with clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods : A prospective registry of patients with signs or symptoms of acute ischemic stroke, admitted to the OO Medical Center through emergency room, was established from September 2003 to December 2004. The interval between symptom onset and hospital arrival was recorded for each eligible patient and analyzed together with clinical characteristics, medication type, severity of neurologic deficits, and functional outcomes. Results : Based on the data of 256 patients, the median interval between symptom onset and hospital arrival was 13 hours, and 22% of patients were admitted to the hospital within 3 hours after symptom onset. Patients of not-mild initial severity and functional status showed significant differences between arrival hours of 0-3 and later than 3 in terms of their functional outcomes on discharge. Logistic regression models also showed that arrival within 3 hours was a significant factor influencing functional outcome (OR=5.6; 95% CI=2.1, 15.0), in addition to patient's initial severity, old age, cardioembolism subtype, and referral to another hospital. Conclusions : The time interval between symptom onset and hospital arrival significantly influenced treatment outcome for patients with acute ischemic stroke, even after controlling for other significant clinical characteristics. The findings provided initiatives for early hospital arrival of patients and improvement of emergency medical system.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.387-394
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• 2022

Background: Dental pain management is an important aspect of patient management in pediatric dentistry. Articaine is considered the most successful anesthetic agent for infiltration anesthesia. Buffered articaine has been observed to have faster onset and longer duration of action with less pain on injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare pain on injection, onset of action, and pain during extraction using buffered (using Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)) and non-buffered 4% articaine (with 1:100000 adrenaline) infiltrations for primary maxillary molar extractions in 4-10-year-old children. Methods: Seventy children who required extraction of maxillary primary molars were enrolled in this triple-blind randomized study. Children undergoing extraction were randomly divided into two groups, with 35 in each group. The study group was the buffered articaine group; the control group was the non-buffered articaine group. Buccal and palatal infiltrations were administered with either buffered or non-buffered articaine. Subjective evaluation was done for pain on injection, pain during extraction using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPR) and onset of anesthesia in seconds. Pain on injection, pain during extraction were objectively evaluated using Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale and onset of anesthesia was also evaluated objectively by pricking with sharp dental probe. Results: The outcome was, significantly less pain on injection and significantly faster onset of anesthesia with significantly less pain during extraction for both subjective and objective evaluations in the buffered articaine group. Subgroup analysis was also performed and it showed variable results, with only significant difference for WBFPR scores in age subgroup 4-7 years for palatal infiltration. Conclusion: Less pain on injection, faster onset of anesthesia, and less pain during extraction were observed when buffered articaine was used for maxillary primary molar extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

Objective：The objective of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’s disorder. Method：Subjects consisted of 157 patients with Tourette’ disorder diagnosed by DSM-IIIR, who were examined and diagnosed from Jan. 1988 to May 1994 at the Tourette’s Clinic of Yonsei University Medical Center. Characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of Patients were assessed by a semi-structured interview schedule. Behavioral problems like hyperactivity, obsession-compulsion, self destructiveness, enuresis, sleep problem were assessed by global clinical impression. Results：The mean age of patients was 14.49(${\pm}7.99$) years. Patients consisted of 138 males (87.9%) and 19 females(12.1%). The sex ratio was 7：1, showing a male preponderance. The number of right-handers was 133(84.7%), and the number of non-right handers was 24(15.3%). Mean age of onset was 8.85(${\pm}4.56$) years, ranging from 2-to-16 years. More than half of the patients had their age of onset at 6-10 years. Bimodal peak in age of onset was observed；the first peak was around 6 and the second peak was around 10 years. There was no sex difference in bimodal age of onset. The most common initial symptom was eye blinking. More than 55% of patients reported eye blinking as their first symptom. The second common initial symptom was head turning and the third was vocal tic. The most common symptoms that patients reported on their first visit since onset were eye blinking(82.2%), head turning or nodding(57.9%), shoulder shrugging(52.7%) and forearm movement(32.6%). Of 157 cases, 101(64.3%) patients showed downward progression of symptoms, and 25(15.9%) showed upward progression of symptoms. Nineteen fathers(12%) of patients had a past history of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Seventeen fathers(10.6%) had a history of tic disorder. SSevenmothers(4.5%) had OCD, 4 mothers (2.5%) had tic disorder. One hundred and eighteen patients(75.1%) had comorbid hyperactivity, 95 patients(60.5%) had obsession, 55 patiens(35.0%) had self destructiveness, 46 patients(29.3%) had impulsivity, and 35 patients(22.3%) had enuresis. Age of onset had a significant positive correlation with age, duration, and the global severity of obsession；and a negative correlation with the severity of hyperactivity. Hyperactivity had a significant positive correlation with impulsivity, obsession-compulsion, enuresis, and self destructiveness. Obsession-compulsion had a significant positive correlation with hyperactivity, sleep problems, and self destructiveness. Conclusion：These data suggest that clinical characteristcs and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’ disorder in this study are similar to previous research findings in Korea and other contries. The younger the age of onset was, the more severe hyperactivity was, and the less severe obsession-compulsion was. And severity of hyperactivity had a positive correlation with the severity of obsession-compulsion, impulsivity, enuresis, and self destructiveness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5331-5336
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• 2014

Background: Early onset breast cancer is associated with poor outcomes but variable results have been reported. It is a significant problem in Pakistani women but remains under reported. Breast conservation plays an important role in surgical management of this younger patient group. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of breast conservative therapy in patients with early onset breast cancer in our population and compare it with their older counterparts. Materials and Methods: A review of patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent breast conservation surgery at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital from 1997 to 2009 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups i.e. Group I age ${\leq}40$ and Group II >40 years. A total of 401 patients with breast cancer were identified in Group I and 405 patients in Group II. Demographics, histopathological findings and receptor status of the two groups were compared. The Chi square test was used for categorical variables. Outcome was assessed on basis of 10 year locoregional recurrence free survival (LRRFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). For survival analysis Kaplan Meier curves were used and significance was determined using the Log rank test. Cox regression was applied for multivariate analysis. Results: Median follow up was 4.31 (0.1-15.5) years. Median age at presentation was 34.6 years (17-40) and 51.9 years (41-82) for the two groups. Groups were significantly different from each other with respect to grade, receptor status, tumor stage and use of neoadjuvant therapy. No significant difference was present between the two groups for estimated 10 year LRRFS (86% vs 95%) (p=0.1), DFS (70% vs 70%) (p=0.5) and OS (75% vs 63%) (p=0.1). On multivariate analysis, tumor stage was an independent predictor of LRRFS, DFS and OS. Conclusions: Early onset breast cancer is associated with a distinct biology but does not lead to poorer outcomes in our population.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1995

For the prevention of later contralateral hernia as well as unnecessary contralateral exploration in pediatric patients with unilateral inguinal hernias, a reasonable indication of contralateral exploration is required. To examine the contralateral positivity, a prospective selective contralateral exploration has been performed by the author from Sept. 1985 to Dec. 1993, at Pediatric Surgical Section of the Department of Surgery, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. Among the total 1200 cases of pediatric inguinal hernias, 580 cases of contralateral side were explored at hernia operations, by the indications as; male with infant onset, 2)female of all age, 3)prematurity, 4)profuse ascites due to cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and 5)remarkable silk sign. Overall positive rate was 71.4%, and positive rates of each indication were 80.7%, 70.4%, 73.1%, 66.7%, and 72.0%, respectively. Right side hernia showed 67.0%, left s ide 75.7%, and positive familial history 71.8% of contralateral positivities. In male, getting older revealed lower positive rates and the rate suddenly dropped after 12 years of age. Birth order, mother's age at delivery, postmaturity did not show any significant differences between the rates. Recurrence was seen in 3(0.5%) ipsilateral and 2(0.3%) contralateral, both of which were negative esplorations on previons operations. Overall complication rate was 3.8%, including 1 infection, 14 fluid or blood accumulation, 5 edemas, 3 temporary testicular edemas, 2 persisting fevers, 2 enures is and one delayed recovery from anesthesia. Among 38 cases with contralateral hernias developed after unilateral surgery by authors(6 cases) or surgeons in other institutions, 14 were males with infant onset, 4 were prematurities and 9 were females. Therefore, 27(71.7%) cases were originally under the contralateral exploration indications. The primary site of the hermia was right in 25 and left in 13. With above results, the following indications for contralateral exploration could be suggested ; 1)under one year of age, both sex, 2)prematurity, 3) remarkable silk sign, 4)in the double checked suspicions among males with infant onset, all age females, ascites, left hernia and familial history. After 12 years of age, exploration is not required. Considering complications, contralateral explorations could be considered only in the following situations; 1)expert, experienced pediatric surgeon, 2)experienced pediatric anesthesiologist, 3)operations could be done smoothly in an hour, 4)good general condition of the patient.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

Objectives:To determine the influence of parental behaviors on the onset and severity of eating disorders, this study compared aspects of perceived parental styles, according to eating disorder subtypes and age at onset in Korean women with eating disorders. Methods:One hundred and sixty-seven patients with eating disorders[Anorexia Nervosa (AN), N=49; Bulimia Nervosa(BN), N=118] were recruited for this study. Perceived parent behaviors were assessed with Parental Behavior Inventory(PBI) self-rating scale. The study subjects also completed the Eating Disorder Inventory -2 (EDI-2) to assess the severity of eating disorder symptoms. Results:In anorexia nervosa, early onset group(<16 years) reported low paternal affection and high paternal rational expression, low maternal interference than group with age at onset over 16 years. The severity of eating disorder symptoms was negatively associated with mother affection and rational expression in two subtypes of eating disorder(AN and BN). On stepwise regression analysis, paternal affection and maternal over-protection were associated with age of onset only in AN group and maternal affection was associated with the severity of symptoms in both groups of eating disorder. Conclusions:Considering the role of family function and perceived parental styles could help improve the management of eating disorders. These results emphasize the importance of fathers' role in the eating disorder on the age of onset, a relatively unexplored area of eating disorder research. Also, we investigated the importance of mothers' affection on the severity of symptoms.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.23-38
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical prognostic factors affecting facial palsy in 98 idiopathic facial palsy patients who were hospitalized and treated in 2015, using retrospective statistical analysis. Methods : We investigated patients with idiopathic facial nerve palsy, admitted to a Korean medical hospital in 2015, and examined patients' variables and therapeutic variables. For analysis of clinical data, an independent sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and simple regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS version 24.0. Results : 1. The initial degree of facial palsy showed statistical significance with age. The older the age, the more severe the initial palsy. 2. Following treatment degree of facial palsy was statistically significant with age, hypertension, and fasting blood sugar (FBS). The higher the value, the slower the recovery from facial palsy. There was a statistical significance with the number of treatments in a Korean medical hospital. The more frequent the treatment, the faster the facial palsy recovery. 3. Degree of facial palsy after 12 months was statistically significant with age, hypertension, diabetes, FBS, and the initial severity of facial palsy. The higher the value, the slower the facial palsy recovery. 4. Sex, left or right sided palsy, alcohol consumption, smoking, history of facial palsy, season of onset, total number of treatments and bio chemistry (BC), complete blood cell count (CBC), urinalysis (UA) factors had no statistical significance with prognosis of facial palsy. Conclusion : Age, season of onset, hypertension, diabetes, FBS, initial severity of facial palsy, and the number of treatments at a Korean medical hospital showed statistical significance. The number of treatments at the Korean medical hospital positively correlated with facial palsy prognosis, and the others variables showed a negative correlation with facial palsy prognosis.