• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 1997

With increasing tendency of incidence and interest for the late onset schzophrenia, concerns about whether this disorder is etiologically or phenomenogically distinctive entity or not have increased also. To clarify the disease entity of the late onset schzophrenia and the role of structural brain changes in its etiology, authors tried to prove following hypothesis : Are there any evidences of structural brain changes in the lateonset schizophrenia? ; If present, are they not different from those of the early-onset schizophrenia or progressive schizophrenia? ; And are they not different from those of senile dementia? Subjects were 6 patients with the late-onset schizophrenia, 6 patients with the early-onset schizophrenia, 6 patients with progressive schizophrenia, 6 patients with Alzheimer's dementia, and 6 controls. We measured regions of interest of the magnetic resonance images by computer assisted planimetry using the AutoCad and digitizer. Our study results may suggest that the third ventricular enlargement and a reversal of normal difference between left and right temporal lobe and left-right difference in posterior lateral ventricle are common brain pathology for all types of schizophrenia including the late onset schzophrenia. And also suggest that brain structural changes of the late onset schizophrenia are related with neurodevelopmental abnormality rather than degenerative change.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2010

Objectives : Clinical differences between elderly patients with early and late onset depression have been described although these have been inconsistent. We aimed to compare differences of clinical symptoms using the 17 items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D-17) between two groups. Methods : Data of 175 elderly patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV from January 2005 to November 2009 were collected. Seventy five patients were early onset depression and one hundred patients were late onset depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for depression. Results : There were some differences in HAM-D-17 scores between early and late onset depression. Early onset depression patients scored significantly higher in retardation(t = 2.41, p = 0.017) and somatic symptoms( general)(t = 2.37, p = 0.019) than late onset depression patients. Conclusion : We concluded that early onset depression patients have more severe psychomotor retardation and general somatic symptoms than late onset depression patients in Korea. Because of some limitations of this study, further investigations will be needed to validate this study results.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.295-300
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• 1995

Late-onset schizophrenia(LOS) is a controversial entity. It has been thought that onset of schizophrenia is limited to early adulthood, but many European psychiatrists have reported on the occurrence of schizophrenia in late life. DSM-III restricted the diagnosis of schizophrenia to patients with onset of illness before age 45 years. But, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 recognize no upper limit to the age at onset of schizophrenia. Patients with LOS have more visual, tactile, and olfactory hallucinations. Patients with LOS have more persecutory delusions, premorbid schizoid personality traits, and less affective blunting. The course of illness was favorable in LOS. We present four cases of LOS. Their detailed clinical features are reported hear with brief review.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

To predict the transonic buffet onset for a supercritical airfoil with shock-boundary layer interactions, a practical steady approach has been proposed. In this study, it is assumed that the airfoil flow is steady even when buffet onset occurs. Steady Navier-Stokes computations are performed on the supercritical airfoil. Using the aerodynamic parameters calculated from Navier-Stokes solver, various steady approaches for predicting buffet onset are discussed. Among the various steady approaches considered in this study, Thomas' criterion based on Navier-Stokes computation has shown to be the most appropriate indicator of identifying the buffet onset for a supercritical airfoil with shock-boundary layer interactions. Good agreements have been obtained compared with the results of unsteady transonic wind tunnel tests. The present method is shown to be reliable and useful for transonic buffet onset for a supercritical airfoil with shock-boundary layer interactions in terms of practical engineering viewpoint.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to compare the effect of center of pressure(COP) displacement and muscle activation onset during expected and unexpected sudden limb loading in subjects with low back pain and healthy control subjects. Most studies of COP displacement and muscle activation onset on postural task focused on sudden trunk loading or gross limb movements. Investigation of the COP displacement and muscle activation onset during expected and unexpected sudden upper limb loading deserves similar attention. Methods: For this study, 14 subjects with low back pain and 12 healthy control subjects are participated. Force plate and surface EMG measures were used to determine COP displacement and muscle activation onset under expected and unexpected sudden upper limb loading. Results: COP displacement and muscle activation onset under unexpected sudden upper limb loading were similar in subjects with low back pain and healthy control subjects. However, COP displacement and muscle activation onset under expected sudden upper limb loading were shortened in healthy control subject but not among the subjects with low back pain. Conclusion: The results provide evidence for impaired feed-forward control in subjects with low back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.166-181
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• 2017

Objectives : The study was done to verify the relation between early-onset androgenetic alopecia(AGA) and metabolic syndrome(MetS). Methods : Data were collected through electronic database including KoreaMed, National Assembly Library, KMBASE, NDSL, KCI, KERIS, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Cochrane CENTRAL and EBSCO MEDLINE. A total of 13 case-control studies related to the MetS of early-onset alopecia patients were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Risk of bias of included studies were assessed by RoBANS tool. RevMan5.3, CMA3 were used for the meta-analysis. Results : In 13 evaluated articles, most frequent bias was the participant selection bias that was found in 10 articles. Significant association between early-onset AGA and MetS was found in 10(76.9%) out of 13 articles in the systematic review. In meta-analysis, early-onset male AGA was associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome(OR: 3.73, 95% CI:2.49 -5.61). Conclusions : AGA, particularly early -onset male AGA, is significantly associated with MetS. Therefore all patients with early onset male AGA should be suggested to take preventive treatment to reduce the risk of MetS and various problems associated with it.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the onset times of muscle activities and the order of muscle firing in hamstring gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae muscle during active hip extension between subjects with low back pain (LBP) and healthy subjects. Thirty subjects, 15 with LBP and 15 healthy subjects, participated in this study. Electromyographic activity was recorded during active hip extension in prone and standing position. Relative onset times of these muscle activities were determined. Similar muscle firing order in hamstring, gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae muscle showed in both groups and positions. However, the onset time of gluteus maximus was significantly later in prone and standing active hip extension in subjects with LBP than in healthy subjects. The onset time of lumber erector spinae muscle activity was significantly delayed in subjects with LBP in standing active hip extension, The delayed onset times of gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae muscles' activities were probably related to LBP. Further studies are needed to identify whether the delayed onset times of gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae muscle activities are the contributing factors to LBP.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Recent studies on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have revealed that early-onset IBD has distinct phenotypic differences compared with adult-onset IBD. In particular, very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) differs in many aspects, including the disease type, location of the lesions, disease behavior, and genetically attributable risks. Several genetic defects that disturb intestinal epithelial barrier function or affect immune function have been noted in these patients from the young age groups. In incidence of pediatric IBD in Korea has been increasing since the early 2000s. Neonatal or infantile-onset IBD develops in less than 1% of pediatric patients. Children with "neonatal IBD" or "infantile-onset IBD" have higher rates of affected first-degree relatives, severe disease course, and a high rate of resistance to immunosuppressive treatment. The suspicion of a monogenic cause of VEO-IBD was first confirmed by the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding the interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptors that cause impaired IL-10 signaling. Patients with such mutations typically presented with perianal fistulae, shows a poor response to medical management, and require early surgical interventions in the first year of life. To date, 60 monogenic defects have been identified in children with IBD-like phenotypes. The majority of monogenic defects presents before 6 years of age, and many present before 1 year of age. Next generation sequencing could become an important diagnostic tool in children with suspected genetic defects especially in children with VEO-IBD with severe disease phenotypes. VEO-IBD is a phenotypically and genetically distinct disease entity from adult-onset or older pediatric IBD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2010

Objective : Bell's palsy is common and has many clinic study. but bell's palsy prognosis is not enough specific. So this study was evaluated bell's palsy prognosis, treatment number, sequela of normal group and bad prognosis group. Methods : From June 2009 to June 2010, patients who visited Dong-seo Oriental Medicine ENT. A clinic study was done on patient who were diagnosed bell's palsy, onset 2weeks within when first visited OPD and treated 3 times over in Dong-seo Oriental Medicine Cental. To evaluate grade of paralysis, House-Brackman Scale was used. We classified treatment numbers of each HB-Scale group, normal gIVroup and bad prognosis group. Results : The distribution of Onset HB-Scale : Gr II 26.25%, Gr III 67.5%, Gr IV 6.25% Onset HB-Scale Gr II patients completely recover 100% Onset HB-Scale Gr III patients completely recover 64.8%, improved 27.8%, nothing change 7.4% Onset HB-Scale Gr IV patients completely recover 40%, improved 60% Onset HB-Scale Gr II & IV patients recovery percentage make no difference of normal group (Group A) and bad prognosis. Onset HB-Scale Gr III patients completely recover Group A 66.7%, Group B 52.9%, improved Group A 23.2%, Group 35.3%, noting change Group A 5.1%, Group B 11.8% Onset HB-Scale Gr II patients has no sequela. Onset HB-Scale Gr III & IV patients has tendency that they treat more times, more improving and less sequela probability Conclusion : Onset HB-Scale is the indicator of acute bell's palsy prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

Objectives : It is reported that panic disorder is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of psychiatric comorbidity according to age of onset of panic disorder. Methods : Three hundred-two patients participated in the study. All the patients were evaluated by clinical instruments for the assessment the presence of other comorbid psychiatric disorders and various clinical features; Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Self-report questionnaires(Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and clinical rating scale (Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale and Global Assessment of Functional score). Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between early onset and late onset panic disorder. Results : Forty percent of panic patients were found to have at least one comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. There were no differences among the groups divided by number of comorbidity in sex, agoraphobia comorbidity, duration of panic disorder, except onset age of panic disorder. Early onset group had more comorbidy with social phobia, agoraphobia, PTSD. We also found that Early onset panic disorder patients were more likely to experience derealization, nausea, parethesia than late onset panic disorder patients. Conclusion : The results of our study are in keeping with previous data from other parts of the world. Our finding suggest that earier onset of panic disorder related to more psychiatric comorbidity.