• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.387-393
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• 2013

In this study, the domestic onion skin has been used to investigate the anti-wrinkle effect of the ethanolic extract. The onion skin has been known to contain a large amount of antioxidant including quercetin. Solvent extraction by 80% ethanol was carried out of the onion skin. The high amount of quercetin have been identified using HPLC as a bioactive compound. The extraction yield of the quercetin increased according to temperature up to $80^{\circ}C$. Two different antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) were performed to determine the free-radical scavenging activity of onion skin extracts. The antioxidant activities ($EC_{50}$ of DPPH) of the vitamin C and the onion extracts were 2.2 and $5.09{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The results of ABTS tests were 2.33 (of vitamin C) and $2.40{\mu}g/mL$ (of the onion extracts), respectively. In a clinical study, a panel of 10 female volunteers between the ages of 30 and 40 (mean age: 42 years) was given a mask pack containing 1% of this extracts for 4 weeks. It was shown that a highly significant reduction in the deep and moderate wrinkled was obtained with those treated with this onion extracts as compared to the control group. The reduction in deep wrinkles increased with time. Eye wrinkle were reduced statistically significant (p<0.05). The application of the proper topical cream and mask pack containing onion skin extracts has therefore shown to be effective enhancing anti-wrinkle activities.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1998

The antioxidant and synergistic effect of methanol extracts of onion skin were investigated by measuring peroxide value. The inhibitory effects of the extracts against metal catalyzed oxidation were also studied. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract (0.02%) of onion skin was stronger than that of mixed tocopherol or ascorbic acid (0.02%), but weaker than that of BHT (0.02%). However, the methanol extract at the concentration of 0.04% exhibited strong antioxidant effect, comparable to that of BHT (0.02%). The methanol extract showed very strong synergistic effect with the mixed tocopherol. The methanol extracts at the concentration of 0.03% and 0.04% acted as metal deactivator in the presence of FeC1$_3$. As a metal deactivator, methanol extract of onion skin appeared to be more effective than citric acid.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2006

Levels of quercetin in different parts of onion were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) suitable for use with functional food material. Two main peaks were observed on HPLC chromatograms from the extracts of the skin, and the outer, middle, and core parts of onion. Using LC/MS, peak 1 was tentatively identified as quercetin monoglucoside at m/z 466.4, and peak 2 as quercetin with [M]+ at m/z 303.3. The levels of quercetin in the skin, and the outer, middle and core parts of the plant were 16.83,2.67,0.95, and 0.35 mg/g, respectively. In the study of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, skin, the nonedible part, contained the highest amount of quercetin, compared to the other edible parts, and showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Levels of quercetin and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased from core to skin. All parts of onion exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibro parahaemolyticus. Antibacterial activities of onion exhibited that S. aureus was more sensitive than V. parahaemolyticus. Among the four onion extracts, the middle part showed the strongest inhibitory activity against S. aureus but all onion extracts showed similar antibacterial activities against V. parahaemolyticus.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

Onions are commonly available and easily processed, and since their skins are thrown away they could be very useful materials from the viewpoint of environmental preservation. This study aimed to process onion skins into the state of powder and look into the optimum condition for hair dyeing by decoloring virgin hair four times and observing the hair dyeing quality and its mechanical and morphologic changes by the different condition of onion skins in duration, temperature, density, pH, and mordant treatment. The observations of hair surface through scanning microscopy showed the formation of cuticle layer, though in a little blown-up state in the case of the hair dyed with onion skin application, when compared with bleaching hair with the completely dissolved cuticle layer. According to the above findings of experiments, the dyeing quality of the hair dyes with onion skin application was excellent, the dyeing was also feasible without mordants, and the use of Fe as the mordant increased dyeing exhaustion more, which would make it an effective hair dye. These results of the experiments indicate that the natural pigment extracted from onion skins can be actually used for hair dyeing from the viewpoints of the dyeing quality and the skin treatment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.561-569
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• 2020

In this study, the dyeing of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne alone and the combined dyeing of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne and onion shell were first performed to compare dyeing properties. A combination extract of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne and onion shell can be expected to improve coloration. A Hanbok design for children used a natural dyeing fashion dyeing method to make the Chrysanthemum pattern. Chrysanthemum indicum Linne is a type of wild chrysanthemum with various medicinal effects for headache and stress relief, skin diseases, insomnia and depression. Widely used onion shells have medicinal properties that help prevent and treat various adult diseases. The colors of silk dyed exclusively by Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, and the colors of silk dyed by Chrysanthemum indicum Linne and onion shell extract are yellow; in addition, silk dyed by Chrysanthemum indicum Linne and onion shell extracts were almost all unchanged. Four hanboks, which are comfortable for children to wear and use, were produced using Chrysanthemum indicum Linne and onion shell extracts. If children wear hanbok fashion products with auspicious patterns, they can provide a chance to simultaneously experience the traditional symbolism of Korean patterns and culture. In addition, it is expected to develop pride in traditional dress culture.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.513-524
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dry powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 157$\pm$6g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dry powders of two different vegetables consumed frequently by Korean-radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and onion(Allium cepa L.), ethanol extracts and juices from equal amount of each dry powder. All the powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion decreased total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma and liver. Above all, onion ethanol extract decreased them most remarkably. It was thought that organosulfur compounds and flavonoids extracted from onion by ethanol inhibited biosynthesis and absorption of lipid and promoted degradation of lipid. Radish powder also decreased them by increasing fecal excretions of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol most effectively. Catalase and glutathine peroxidase(GSH-px) activities in red blood cell(RBC) were most remarkably increased by radish powder and onion powder respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and GSH-px activities in liver were most remarkably increased by onion ethanol extract, radish powder and onion ethanol extract respectively. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities in liver were most effectively decreased by ethanol extracts of radish and onion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver of experimental groups were significantly lower than those of controls. Above all, onion powder decreased them most effectively. It was thought that vitamin E and high flavonoids in onion powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC SOD, catalase and GSH-px activities and inhibiting XOD activities effectively. Flavonoids in onion ethanol extract inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting three antioxident enzyme activities and inhibiting XOD activities most remarkably. Also flavonoids and high vitamin C in radish powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC catalase most remarkably and inhibiting XOD activities. In conclusion, radish and onion were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting of lipid peroxidation in animal tissue. From these data, radish and onion can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and in delaying aging. As ethanol from onion were most effective in lowering lipid level and promoting three antioxident enzymes, and inhibited lipid peroxidation as did we should try to utilize onion skin which is discarded though reported to have abundant flavonoids. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 513~524, 2001)

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2009

An investigation was carried out to study the effects of extraction, heat treatment, and storage temperature on functional ingredients of onion. Extracts of onion paste and freeze dried onion were prepared by treatments with several solvents including hot water, methanol, and ethanol, and then contents of functional ingredients such as total phenol, flavonoid, quercetin, and thiosulfinate were determined. The highest levels of functional ingredients were observed in samples extracted using water at 100$^{\circ}C$ or ethanol. The skin extract contained 60-fold more quercetin than onion paste extract, whereas no thiosulfinate was detected in onion skin extract. Heat treatment of onion extracts at 60, 80, 105, and 121$^{\circ}C$ did not effect on the levels of all functional ingredients tested. During four-week storage, the levels of total phenol, flavonoid, and quercetin were not significantly changed regardless of storage temperature. However, the total thiosulfinate was rapidly reduced as the storage temperature increased.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2012

Objective : In this study, we assessed the anti-bacterial effects and epidermal permeability barrier function of red onion juice comparing to yellow onion juice and $Houttuynia$ $cordata$ extract $in$ $vitro$. Methods : 3types of red and yellow onion juice were prepared as antibacterial agent candidates with Houttuynia cordata hot water extract using 4 different bacterial strains ($Escherichia$ $coil$, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ $subsp.$ $enterica$, $Staphylococcus$ $epidermidis$, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ $subsp$) by colony counting method. The expression of filaggrin, a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, and serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), a marker of the formation of the stratum corneum lipid barrier, in human HaCat keratinocytes were analyzed using HaCaT cell line. The expression of COX-2 and AP-1 which is a factor of COX-2 transcription were also analyzed by western blotting method. Results : There was detectable anti-bacterial effects on $Staphylococcus$ $epidermidis$, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ $subsp$ among 1%, 5%, 10% extracts of yellow and red onion.(81%-100%) The bacteriocidal effects were not shown on $Escherichia$ $coil$, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ $subsp.$ $enterica$ among $Houttuynia$ $cordata$, yellow onion and red onion extracts. The in vitro results showed the concentration-dependent effects on the expression of both filaggrin and SPT in HaCat cells among 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% extracts in Houttuynia cordata and red onion, reflecting the notion that $Houttuynia$ $cordata$ and red onion can induce epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and improve the recovery of skin barrier functions. The concentration-dependent effects also have been shown on the expression of both COX-2 and AP-1 among 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% extracts in $Houttuynia$ $cordata$ and red onion, while slight effect in yellow onion. Conclusion : Red onion juice could be a potential candidate enhanser for the skin care and cosmetology.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.595-600
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• 1997

The antioxidant activity of the solvent fractions extracted from onion skin was examined. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract at the cencentration of 0.02% and 0.03% was stronger than that of mixed tocopherol. The antioxidant activity of the fractions of methanol extract increased in the order of butanol> ethyl acetate> ethyl ether> water fraction. The antioxidant activity of each fractions was strongly related with total phenol content and HDA. Further separation of butanol fraction by TLC yielded 6 fluorescent bands with Rf values of 0.20, 0.33, 0.49, 0.60 and 0.94. The total phenol content and HDA of fluorescent band, Rf 0.96, were remarkable higher than those of the other band and exhibited a strong UV absorption at 255 nm and 317 nm, which would be specifically produced by flavonol. Spectral analyses indicated that the major antioxidant component was quercetin aglycone (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone).