• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.557-562
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• 2023

Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the most popular cosmetic surgeries, but there is a high reoperation rate (29.7%) commonly due to capsular contracture, implant malpositioning, infection, and unsatisfactory size. Although infection only accounts for 2% of cases, its management is very challenging, especially with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. Breast prosthetic NTM infection is a rare but is a disastrous condition with an incidence of approximately 0.013%. Immediate salvage reimplantation is usually not suggested, and most studies recommend a gap of 3 to 6 months after combination antibiotics therapy before reimplantation. However, delayed reimplantation often leads to great psychological stress and struggle between the doctor and patient. We present the case report of successful reimplantation in treating prosthetic NTM infections in a 28-year-old female. We discuss a novel technique "transaxillary capsulorrhaphy" to correct the bottoming-out deformity. One year after the combination of antibiotics and surgery, the follow-up computed tomography scan showed complete remission of NTM without recurrence. We discuss the surgical technique in detail. The 1-year follow-up assessment (photos and dynamic video) revealed good cosmesis and reliable correction using the new technique. This report is the first formal description and discussion of one-stage reimplantation following NTM infections. Transaxillary capsulorrhaphy allows for a successful salvage operation when an implant is displaced. This approach provides highly favorable result in eastern women undergoing revision augmentation mammoplasty. This study reflects level of evidence V, considering opinions of respected authorities based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.736-741
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• 2010

Purpose: Radical surgical extirpation in advanced breast cancer patients produces extensive loss of skin with large defects requiring plastic surgical procedures for the closure. Many reconstructive methods exist, the choice of which depends upon the characteristic of the wound, extent of resection and patient comorbidities. For adequate coverage of the large skin defects following resection of advanced breast cancer, current authors have performed a thoracoabdominal flap. Methods: From August 2008 to June 2009, 4 cases of thoraco-abdominal flap were performed for chest wall reconstruction after mastectomy of advanced breast cancer. Flap dissection was entirely performed in a subfascial plane and the flap involving the external oblique abdominal muscle. The flap was rotated clockwise in left chest wall defects and counterclockwise in right chest defects and the donor site was closed directly. Results: Their mean age, 55.7 years and the average follow-up interval was 9 months. Patients' oncologic status ranged from stage IIIc to stage IV, it was classified according to the TNM staging system. Flap dimensions ranged between $15{\times}15$ and $25{\times}25\;cm$. One flap sustained a partial loss at the distal margin and revision with pectoralis major musculocutaneous island flap. Conclusion: Large chest wall reconstructions are usually required after radical excision of advanced cancer stages patients with poor general conditions. Thoracoabdominal flap is a simple, quick single-stage procedure, and offer to patient fast recovery, low complication rate, enabling further concomitant adjuvant therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 1978

The survey is intended to improve science education by the analysis of problems produced in the following nine aspects (objectives, contents, materials, inquring methods, teaching methods, teachers, children, evalutions, admininative supports) during the past five years often the revision of new science curriculum. 1. View for science education. 1) The teacher's and children's view for science education can be seen renewed, being different from the old one. 2) Inquring method in learning and teaching began to take firm root and children came to know that it is the only way to study science. 3) Writers think that the new science education has stepped into the stage of being fixed to a considerable degree. 2. The aspect of administrative policy. 1) The amount of materials in possession is small and the present materials are lacking in solidity and precision. 2) Class room teacher's over load with miscellaneous things is a difficult problem to solve. 3) The shortage of the printed materials and books for children and teachers has an influence on the development of inquring method. 4) It causes cramming to examine all children at the same time by paper test. 5) It is more desirable to appoint qualified teacher only for science teaching. 3. Contents of science curriculum. 1) In current science textbooks. There can be found some contents which are difficult for teachers to understand and not in accordance with the reality of Korea. Therefore, it is imperative that contents of science textbooks should be reexamined. 2) As it is hard to teach concepts of reciprocal action and to prepare materials with teaching of the system of biological concepts, the teaching of contents is likely to be a cramming. 4. The aspect of in-service education. 1) It is obsolutely predominant reation that in-service education is making a great contribution to class room teaching. 2) As adiministrators' policy for science education has a great effect, in-service education for their enlightenment is needed.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.843-863
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• 2010

The basic purpose of 2007 revision curriculum is content of activity oriented, management of differentiated instruction, communication, introduction of story mathematics, mathematical exploration and problem solving ability and so on. In this paper, we investigate some characteristics of number teaching in the primary school of New Zealand. Especially, focused on materials and methods and so on. So we've got the following results. First, there are no fundamental differences in materials and methods in teaching number between Korea and New Zealand but in New Zealand there are no national textbook like us so there is a possibility not to teach number systematically like our Korea. On the contrary, they divide number region from one to six level and are offering achievement objects, suggestive learning experiences, sample assessment activities for each level and also they do not guide activities itself in detail like us and so have learners themselves think about the given problems. Second, there is a strategy stage in getting knowledge about number in New Zealand and so children can take advantage of this steps according to the type of problems. Third, it must be developed some materials and idea to reach the learning purpose rousing interest of children.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of sonication technique for microbiological diagnosis and the sterility of the recycled autoclaved femoral components from infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a sonication method. Methods: Nineteen femoral implants explanted from patients with infected TKA were sterilized with a standard autoclave method. Standard culture of the fluid before and after sonication of the sterilized implants was performed to detect pathogenic microorganisms. Additional experiments were performed to evaluate the sterility of the recycled implant by inducing artificial biofilm formation. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was inoculated into 10 implants and sterilization in a standard autoclave was performed, and then the fluid was cultured before and after sonication. Results: Two of the 19 sterilized implants were positive for growth of bacteria after sonication, whereas no growth was detected in the cultured fluid from the sterilized implants before sonication. The bacteria were Staphylococcus species in all two cases. In one of 10 implants inoculated with MRSA, the culture was positive for growth of bacteria both before and after sonication. However, Staphylococcus epidermidis was cultured from both occasions and thus this implant was thought to be contaminated. Conclusions: We found sonication for identification of pathogens could be helpful, but this finding should be interpreted carefully because of the possibility of contamination. Sterilization of an infected femoral implant with an autoclave method could be a good method for using the temporary articulating antibiotic spacer in two-stage revision arthroplasty.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2018

France has allowed a deprivation of nationality for terrorism since 1996 Law. After then, a series of law revision (1998, 2006 law and 2010, 2015-2015 reform tries) have not only linked an act of terror with nationality deprivation but also put the dual national and their deprivation at the centre of dispute. Both 2010 Immigration Law by Sarkozy and 2015-2016 constitutional amendment by Hollande had been not adopted but have combined immigrants and security issue together by firmly solidifying the relationship between dual national and terrorist. Especially in 2015-2016, the constitutional amendment that failed to be adopted has extended a state of emergency and left the nationality deprivation of dual national as controversial issue. After over 4 months of discussion, the amendment that contains a clause of a state of emergency and extension plan for nationality deprivation was abolished but the dual national issues which had been non-politicized has now become politicized, defined as security issues and finally securitized. It shows very two-stage process of securitization argued by Copenhagen school including Buzan. The importance of securitization notion by Copenhagen school lies on the fact that it scrutinizes the constructive elements of the process of securitization. The concept of securitization allows us to see the problem of the process that defines a non-politicized issue as security one by making it political matter. Applying this process of securitization into the controversy of nationality deprivation of dual nationals in France, we can find out the development of non-controversial and non-politicized dual national issues into social agenda by politicization through speech-act or announcement effect.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2003

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate 1) the prevalence of depressive symptoms, 2) the severity of depressive symptoms, 3) the correlation of depressive symptoms with clinical variables, and 4) factors that contribute to depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: One hundred eighteen patients with Parkinson's disease referred from the Parkinson's Disease Clinic of Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea, completed a self-administered questionnaire package, which included basic demographic data, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), and the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In addition, a structured interview and a complete neurological examination, including the Hoehn and Yahr stage, the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(some selected scales of UPDRS part III), the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale(ADL), and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination were performed. Results: 1) Based on BDI score, subjects were divided into four groups:severely(40.7%), moderately(13.6%) and mildly(12.7%) depressive and non-depressive(33.1%). 2) The severity of depressive symptom in Parkinson's disease was positively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr(H & Y) stage(r=0.34, p<0.0001), the severity of motor symptom(r=0.35, p<0.0001), and trait anxiety inventory(r=0.33, p<0.001). On the other hand, the severity of depressive symptom was negatively correlated with educational level(r=-0.34, p<0.001), ADL(r=-0.37, p<0.0001) and Parkinson's disease quality of life (PDQL)(r=-0.69, p<0.0001). Among several clinical variables, the PDQL was the most influential factor predicting whether the depressive symptom was present or not. Conclusion: This study suggests that depressive symptom is very prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease. Data from this study indicate that medical staffs who take care of patients with Parkinson's disease should pay attention to finding and treating depressive symptom among their patients. With appropriate psychiatric intervention, patient's depressive symptom can be minimized or alleviated and thus, the quality of life in these patients is likely enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.101-115
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• 2000

This study aims to make a research on the secondary school education of geography and the system of teacher training in Belgium, focused on the case of Francophone Community. What has been made clear by this research can be summed up as follows. The first two years of the secondary school offer two hours of 'environment education', per week, which can be categorized into the learning of living geography, in that at this stage students learn how to observe the geographic phenomena in their daily life and pigeonhole them. The two years of the second stage of the secondary school offer one hour of 'world geography' which actually is focused on the district of Europe and Russia. The two years of the third stage of the secondary school offer an advanced course of geography which aims to teach systematically the physical geography and the human geography. A remarkable change in geographic education in Belgium is that in the wake of the Revision Act of the secondary school education, textbooks were replaced by other teaching manuals adapted to the regional condition by the teachers. This may result in a wide gap of achievements in geography according to the conditions of educational establishments. Another notable change is that the stress of geographic education tends to be placed on the ability of acquiring practical geographic knowledge rather than the geographic information itself. And it is also another marked tendency that most learning activities in geography class are conducted on the basis of student-centered and the method of investigation. Teachers of the lower secondary schools in Belgium are trained in the School of Education as multi-major teachers, such as a teacher for biology-chemistry-geography or a teacher for history-sociology-geography. Teachers of the higher secondary school education are trained in the Department of Teacher Education in universities as solo-major teachers in that they are required to know more deeply to teach an advanced course of geography in the higher secondary schools. To improve the teacher education many folds of policies are adopted. One is that many in-service teachers are officially put into services of guiding and teaching teacher training. Another is that faculty members in charge of teacher training course are trying to level up the qualifications of teachers by rigorous disciplining.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.33-56
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of musical activities on children's aggressiveness using percussion playing through case studies and to present the therapeutic programs. Musical activities using percussion playing were organized for three aggressive children. Twenty-one small group sessions were conducted over seven weeks with 30 minutes given each session. Fourth-grade children involved in using Aggressiveness Measuring Tool for Teachers-revised by Gwak Geum-Joo(1992) was selected for case studies. Children's impulsiveness was also tested through self-test measuring tool for impulsiveness-revision of 16 questions used by Cho Hae Yeon (2001) and Lee Joo Shik (2003). As quantitative method, comparative analysis was made between the pre and post test results using measuring tools for aggressiveness and impulsiveness of children as well as between aggressive behaviors occurring in the initial stage of the first three sessions and in the latter stage of the last three sessions. Qualitative method was used at the same time to examine the effect of percussion playing on children. After the musical activities, child A showed reduced Aggressive Measuring Tool scores from 19 to 18, with child B from 23 to 19 and child C from 21 to 18. The results show that occurrence of aggressive behaviors were lowered in the post test. Impulsiveness Measuring Tool scores in the post test were decreased as well in all three children. During the music therapy programs, it was also observed that the frequency of the target behaviors in all three children has reduced more in the latter stage than the initial stage of music therapy. The qualitative findings indicate that the children experienced releasing stress through self-expression after percussion playing. These findings indicate therapeutic effectiveness of music therapy using on percussion playing in reducing aggressiveness of children as well as the effectiveness of percussion as a therapeutic intervention for aggressive children. These results can be adapted and reapplied by teachers in primary schools to approach children with behavior problems, and can present a useful therapeutic approach to therapists practicing in clinical environments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2014

Regarding to the cadastral information and building information as a spatial information, studies on linking between cadastral records and building information, or integration methodology on 2D based building map and land information were proposed. Cadastral information has grown its values by cadastral resurvey project and cadastral confirmation survey. There is a tendency of BIM in the design stage which is not just simple 3D dataset and BIM is spreading in public and private sectors. However, studies on the linkage between building information and cadastral information is relatively weak comparing to the BIM spreading. One of the main features that have been improved in IFC4 is the interoperability with GIS. In this regards, the researcher propose several revision methods to link cadastral information to building information. Cadastral information needs to improve the quality of the dataset's such as unifying the different coordinate systems and preparing continuous cadastral map. For buildings, standardization of BIM in the public and private sectors is urgent task. IFC4 and upcoming IFC5 are international standards which need to be considered and BIM reverse engineering for the existing buildings is necessary for the public utilization in the near future.