• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.17 no.1_2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate trunk and gluteal muscle activation during one-leg standing or two-leg standing with lumbar stabilizing taping using non-elastic tape. Method: The subjects of this study were twenty subjects(man=11, women=9) who be in good physical health and have not problem to back muscle and one leg standing. The surface electromyographic(EMG) data were recorded on external oblique(EO), gluteus medius(GMed), gluteus maximus(GMax), quadratus lumborum(QL) while pre- and post-lumbar stabilizing taping in two-leg standing and one-leg standing. The analysis of data was performed using the paired samples t-test to compare the difference of EMG activity of pre and post lumbar stabilizing taping. Result: Contrast of pre-lumbar stabilizing taping the muscle activity of QL in post-lumbar stabilizing taping is significant decrease on two-leg standing posture(p<.05), and the muscle activity of GMed is significant increase on one-leg standing posture(p<.05). Thus, we suggest that lumbar stabilizing taping using by functional tape will be able to affect on lumbar stability and gluteal muscle retraining.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Background: South Korea is one of fastest aging countries in the world. Poor balance and falls of the elderly are main health issues. Objects: The goal of this study was to understand the association between the socioeconomical factors and the standing balance of elderly living in the rural and urban area. Methods: One hundred sixty-six elderly participants who were older than 65 and were able to walk without an assistive device were recruited in the city of Gwangju and in the rural area of Jeonnam, South Korea. All participants performed the static and dynamic standing balance tests. Static standing balance was measured with chronometer in seconds while standing on one leg. Dynamic balance was tested with the timed up and go test (TUG), measured in seconds while getting up from a chair and walking 3 meters and back to sit. The static and dynamic standing balance was analyzed using analysis of variance and the Fisher's Least Significant Difference post hoc test. Results: Male participants from both areas had no difference in one leg standing and TUG. The female elderly living in rural area took shorter in TUG than females living in urban area. Age decreased the one leg standing time in both areas while did not affect the TUG significantly. As the monthly income increased, both of one leg standing and TUG increased in urban area, while the medium monthly income showed best performance (it was not statistically significant) in both of one leg standing and TUG in rural area. Conclusion: Socioeconomical factors affects differently the standing balance of the elderly living in rural and urban South Korea. Female living alone in urban area with low monthly income demonstrated worst standing balance in this study.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of shoe sole deformation on the muscle activity and balance of the lower extremities when standing on one foot. Design: Crossed-control group study Methods: A total of 18 healthy adults participated in this study. 9 participants with normal shoe and 9 participants with deformed in shoe out-soles (wear shoes) were included. Muscle activity of the tibialis anterior, fibularis longus and gluteus medius during one leg standing was measured using a electromyography. A balance board was used to evaluate balance ability when standing on one leg. The balance ability when standing on one leg was measured by the sway speed and distance of the center of gravity. Results: Muscle activity of the tibialis anterior, fibularis longus and gluteus medius was no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). Balance ability when standing on one leg was significantly different from the group wearing normal shoes in all variables related to the sway distance and sway speed of the center of gravity. Conclusions: Through this study, the wear of the outer sole of the shoe indirectly confirmed the effect on the wearer's lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability when standing on one foot. These results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for future studies on shoe wear, lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate whether augmented low-dye taping treatment, which consists of low-dye, reverse-six, and calcaneal-sling taping, is effective in alleviating the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, which is used for physical balancing during one leg standing. Methods: The subjects comprised 27 students in their 20s whose navicular bone height was lowered by 10 mm or more when evaluated using the navicular drop test. Those with interference factors like deformities, fractures, or traumas were excluded. Frequency-division multiplexing was used to measure one leg standing, and the method to avoir the average each time after 3 times of measurement was applied. Results: Significant differences in the center of pressure (COP) path length, COP average velocity, and forefoot force were observed during left leg standing (p<0.05), but for right leg standing, only changes in forefoot force were noted. Conclusion: Based on the changes to the non-dominant leg in terms of COP path length, COP average velocity, and forefoot force, the immediate effect of augmented low-dye taping, which combines three types of anti-pronation taping, on one leg standing balance in people with flat feet was confirmed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2012

Purpose: Weight-bearing exercise is a type of physical exercise that is widely performed for rehabilitation after acquiring nervous-system diseases or sports-related injuries. It is one of the most commonly prescribed rehabilitation programs for strengthing of the lower extremities. Weight-bearing exercise is important for the conduct of such activity of daily living (ADLs) as walking, and up and down the stairs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activities during one-leg standing and one-leg squatting, the two most representative weight-bearing exercises. Methods: A total of 43 elderly (60~70 years old) males who could perform weight-bearing exercises were included in the study. During the one-leg standing and one-leg squatting, the electromyographic (EMG) signals were quantified as maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) using surface EMG, and then the muscle activities of the lower extremities during the two exercises were compared. For statistical analysis, an independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed. Results: The results of the study are as follows: (1) in the one-leg standing, the activity of the gluteus medius was the greatest among the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, bicep femoris, (2) in the one-leg squatting, the activity of the vastus medialis was the greatest; and (3) the activity was greater in the one-leg squatting than in the single-leg standing exercise. Conclusion: The one-leg standing and squatting exercises are suitable for strengthening the muscles for the prevention of and recovery from lower-extremity injury, and for functional ADL in elderly people. In addition, dynamic exercise was shown to be more effective than static exercise for strengthening the muscles.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral load changes during single-leg standing on the leg muscle activities of healthy people. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: For all the subjects, a load was randomly applied to the ipsilateral or the contralateral side. While the load was applied, the subject raised a hand and then performed single-leg standing for 10 seconds using the dominant side. Results: During single-leg standing, the muscle activity of the gluteus medius, peroneus longus on the supporting side increased statistically significantly when an upper limb load was applied contralaterally, but no statistically significant differences were detected in the muscle activities of the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius using a test of within-subjects effects. Conclusion: It can be seen that muscle activities increase during exercise when the amount and frequency of a load are increased and when the same load is applied to different sides of the body. Such muscle activity increases may be applied to change the intensity of exercise when one is in a static posture, such as during single-leg standing.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.391-397
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to determine wether knee muscular fatigue affects on one-leg static standing balance. Sixty four healthy subjects were used for this study : 44 men and 20 women, with an average age of 19.52. One leg static standing balance was measured at pre-fatigue and post-fatigue by an instrumented balance assessment system(kinesthetic ability training balance platform) which is commercially available for testing or training balance. Isokinetic exercises were used to evoke muscle fatigue at 180 degree/see by Cybex 1200. One leg static standing balance ability was significantly decreased after knee muscular fatigue. Although these phenomenons were not clearly understood, these results have important implications for rehabilitation in fatigable patients. These results suggest that the excessive fatiguing during rehabilitation in patients with fatigable disease may increase risk of reinjury and falling injury due to balance disturbance. Further studies are required to determine the physiological mechanisms of muscle fatigue that can play in decreasing one-leg static standing balance ability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2011

Foot posture is important in the development of the musculoskeletal structure in the lower limbs because it can change the mechanical alignment. Although foot orthotics are widely used for the correction of malalignments in the lower extremities, the biomechanical effects of wedges have not yet been cleared. The aim of this study was to investigate whether medial wedges affect the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee and hip joints in healthy adults that are performing one leg standing. Seventeen healthy volunteers performed the one leg standing under two foot conditions: A level surface, and a $15^{\circ}$ medial wedge. The subjects' EMG data for the gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) were recorded, along with the surface EMG, and all were analyzed. The EMG activity of the Gmed and TFL had significantly decreased under the medial wedge condition during one leg standing. Further study is needed in order to investigate whether medial wedges influence the EMG activity and kinematic data of the knee and hip joints as well as the ankle joints in adults with flexible flatfoot, while they are performing one leg standing.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the surface area and velocity of center of pressure (COP) during one leg standing by stimulating the sensory system in normal adults. Thirty subjects were enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to stand on one leg during testing conditions. Testing conditions included 6 different sensory stimulations as follows: eyes opened, eyes closed, eyes opened with vibrator, eyes opened with head-mounted display (HMD), eyes opened with vibrator and HMD, and eyes closed with vibrator. During each testing condition, the surface area and velocity of center of pressure were measured. There were significant differences in the mean surface area and the mean velocity of COP between the "eyes opened" condition and the other five testing conditions (p<.05). However, in the comparison between the "eyes closed" and "eyes opened with HMD" conditions, there were no significant differences in the tested parameters. This study shows that closing eyes or keeping eyes opened while using HMD to experience virtual reality has the same effect on one leg standing balance. This finding should be considered in the evaluation or intervention of balance, especially one leg standing balance and balance while standing with a small base of support.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

The purpose of this work is to biomechanically study the effect of the one leg standing pose in yoga.. The work have been done through the evaluation for the left and right symmetry ability of one leg standing pose in the before and after yoga training for the 14 female yoga subject group (height: $164.3{\pm}4.4cm$, mass: $53.4{\pm}6.4kg$, year: $20.0{\pm}0.49yrs$) participated in this experiment. The motions of one leg standing pose were captured with Vicon system and the parameters were calculated with Visual-3D and Ground reaction force system. The results were as followed; - Front and backward COPsd did not show the significant difference, compared the before training with the after. - Left and right COPsd showed the significant difference (p<0.05), compared the before training with the after. - COP distance showed the significant difference (p<0.01), compared the before training with the after. - The asymmetry index of front and backward COPsd did not show the significant difference, compared the before training with the after. - The asymmetry index of left and right COPsd did not show the significant difference, compared the before training with the after. - The asymmetry index of COP distance showed the significant difference (p<0.01), compared the before training with the after. Therefore, the yoga training demonstrated the stable improvement in the one leg standing pose of inferior feet and the positive effect to the left and right symmetry ability.