• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2021

Blockchain is a technology that enables trust-based consensus and verification based on a decentralized network. Distributed ID (DID) is based on a decentralized structure, and users have the right to manage their own ID. Recently, interest in self-sovereign identity authentication is increasing. In this paper, as a method for transparent and safe sovereignty management of data, among data pseudonymization techniques for blockchain use, various methods for data encryption processing are examined. The public key technique (homomorphic encryption) has high flexibility and security because different algorithms are applied to the entire sentence for encryption and decryption. As a result, the computational efficiency decreases. The hash function method (MD5) can maintain flexibility and is higher than the security-related two-way encryption method, but there is a threat of collision. Zero-knowledge proof is based on public key encryption based on a mutual proof method, and complex formulas are applied to processes such as personal identification, key distribution, and digital signature. It requires consensus and verification process, so the operation efficiency is lowered to the level of O (log_eN) ~ O(N²). In this paper, data encryption processing for blockchain DID, based on zero-knowledge proof, was proposed and a one-way encryption method considering data use range and frequency of use was proposed. Based on the content presented in the thesis, it is possible to process corrected zero-knowledge proof and to process data efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 2010

Purpose : The present study was to examine the difference and severity of asymmetry in independently ambulating stroke survivors and to establish the association between gait asymmetry, velocity, and the motor function of lower extremity. Methods : The subjects used in this study were 43 subjects with hemiparesis being able to walk independently. Motor function of lower extremity was measured clinically with the Fugl Meyer-Lower /Extremity Assessment. Overground gait velocity and spatia-temporal parameters were collected by the GAITRite system. Results : Thirty(69.77%) patients showed statistically significant temporal asymmetry while 28(65.1%) exhibited statistically significant spatial asymmetry. One-way ANOVA results showed a main effect of temporal asymmetry group(normative, mild, severe) for gait velocity(F=74.129), FM-L/E(F=17.270), swing-stance symmetry(F=66.869, F=13.485, respectively), spatio-temporal asymmetry(F=13.166, F=31.800, respectively) 66, F=31.800, respectively). Gait velocity was negatively associated with temporal asymmetry(r=-.83), spatial asymmetry(r=-.60). Motor function of lower extremity was also associated with temporal asymmetry(r=-.58), and spatial asymmetry(r=-.50). Conclusion : The study attempted to establish the standard assessment of hemiparesis gait symmetry in light of the complex relationship with motor impairment and gait velocity. More future work will need to link the degree of gait asymmetry to clinically relevant outcomes to better establish the clinical significance of such observations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of self-stretching (SS) and joint mobilization (JM) on pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), autonomic system function in chronic cervical pain patient with forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: A total of 30 male college students were selected as study subjects, and were divided into Group I (general physical therapy; GPT, n=10), Group II (GPT+SS, n=10), Group III (GPT+JM, n=10). All groups were evaluated three times a week for 4 weeks. Pain was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), CVA was measured using digital goniometer and autonomic system function (heart rate; HR, skin conductivity; SC, LF norm, HF norm, LF/HF ratio) was measured by Biofeedback ProComp Infiniti. After 4 weeks, paired t-test was used to compare the changes within the group and one way ANOVA was used to compare those between the groups. RESULTS: In Group I, VAS was significantly decreased. In Group II and III was a significantly change in all items. In comparison between Group I and II was a difference in all items except HR. In comparison between Group I and III was a difference in all items. In comparison between Group II and III was a difference in VAS, LF norm and LF/HF ratio. CONCLUSION: This study showed that SS and JM can effectively reduce pain and normalize the autonomic system function.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1983

The most popular way to get the animal to be co-operative for the animal experimentation is by using some kinds of general anesthetic agents. One of the most important point to take care of is, however, whether the agent(s) to be used is hinder the experimentation itself. There have been many contradictory reports of the general anesthetic agents on the renal function. Moreover, little information on the changes of the renal function by anesthesia has been available. We have done experiments to clarify and compare the effects of anesthesia induced by several general anesthetic agents on renal function in unanesthetized rabbits. Nembutal anesthesia(30 mg/kg, iv.) caused a decrease in free-water clearance, and increase in sodium and chloride excretion without significance. Thiopental anesthesia$(20{\sim}30\;mg/kg,\;iv.)$ suppressed all renal parameters tested. Chloralose(50 mg/kg, iv.) and chloral hydrate(75 mg/kg, iv.) did not change renal functions except for glomerular filtration rate, which parameter was suppressed only for a short period just after agent administration. Urethane(1 g/kg), administered by the route of either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, suppressed renal functions lasted for the duration of experimental anesthesia. The above data suggest that it is very important to chose an appropriate anesthetic agents for a given experiment, especially experiment involved with renal function, and to interprete the data obtained from the anesthetized animal model for the expected results.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.26-33
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on pulmonary function. Twenty-two subjects with restrictive breathing participated in this study. All the subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (7 subjects in RMT group, 7 subjects in RMT with ADIM group, 8 subjects in control group). The first group performed the RMT by using incentive respiratory spirometer (IRS). The second group performed the RMT by using IRS and the ADIM by using a Stabilizer. The exercises were conducted over four days. The pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometer to measure the force exploratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Measurements were conducted on the first day and the last day. A paired-t test was used for pre-post changes and the change rates in FVC and $FEV_1$ among each group were investigated by a one-way ANOVA. The findings of the the study were as follows: 1) There were significant differences of FVC and $FEV_1$ between pre and post in the two training groups (p<.05) 2) There was no significant difference of the change ratio the FVC and $FEV_1$ between the RMT group and RMT with ADIM group. Therefore, it is concluded that respiratory muscle and ADIM training, combined with two methods of treatment would suggest positive evidence for improving pulmonary function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.212-217
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.59-74
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• 2017

Louis Sullivan insisted, "Form follows function." Functionality is one of the most fundamental elements for users to use product or space, and "function" in space and architecture has the meaning of the most important factor in determining its form. In this way, from the viewpoint of "Functionalism," the research selected Toyo Ito to see how important elements pursued by Functionalism are related to his forms of creation. Small residential space projects of Toyo Ito from the early 1970s to the present are selected, so that the structure, material and space type of space and architecture can easily grasped and analyzed. Space and architectural structures and surfaces were classified into the characteristics of materials and classified according to the strength of openness of space. As a result, the space and architecture that pursue the function use a method that can maximize the efficiency of the function while excluding the whole decoration in order to highlight the function. The characteristics found in Toyo Ito's small-scale residential space can be defined as the formalization and simplification of the form, the openness of space, and the versatility of each element.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

The term thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is used to describe patients with compressed subclavian arteries, veins, and brachial plexuses in the region of the thoracic outlet. The objective of this study was to evaluate a scalenus stretching exercise that aims to restore normal function to patients with TOS. This study consisted of 60 patients with symptoms of TOS, and divided the patients into 3 groups: one that received manual therapy, one that practiced self stretching, and a control group. Each group consisted of 20 patients. This study assessed the efficacy of scalenus stretching exercise by examining the resting pain, tenderness, spherical grip power, and pinch grip power of patients. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc test, and independent t-test. The results showed that resting pain was statistically significant within the manual therapy and self stretching groups (p<.05), and that the resting pain of the manual therapy group was more statistically significant than that of the self stretching group (p<.05). Tenderness, spherical grip power, and pinch grip were statistically significant within the manual therapy and self stretching groups (p<.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>.05). Finally I could see that there were no statistical differences between manual therapy and self stretching to improve the symptoms of the patients with TOS. These results imply that self stretching by patients is as important as manual therapy by a physical therapist.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

The internet is currently becoming popularized and generalized in our daily life. Recently, a lot of hacking tools have appeared on the internet. And damage size and seriousness the measurement is impossible. The password security protects oneself and information is the tool which is essential for from the internet, if this emphasizes no matter how, does not go to extremes. If applies a encryption, a 7 character password is sufficient, so long as attackers don't pick easily guessed values. In this paper, entering password using the virtual keyboard, I propose a new and improved one time password algorithm using information a part of ID and final approval time.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2007

The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a valid and widely used instrument for the assessment of osteoarthritis patients. In this study, data was obtained from the out-patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee. One hundred-three out-patients were interviewed by physical therapists. In an exploratory way, a Korean version of the KWOMAC was analyzed for unidimensionality, item separation, and item difficulty using the Winsteps programs. Ninety-five patients with osteoarthritis of the knee over 65 years were analyzed for Rash analysis. In the analysis several functional items poorly fit to the model. These items included "heavy domestic duties" and "standing". In the pain domain, one item ("at night while in bed") did not fit the model. In the stiffness domain one item ("after sitting, lying, or resting later in the day") did not fit the model. Although 4 items from the 3 domains (pain, stiffness, function domain) do not fit well, the KWOMAC domains were confirmed by Rasch analysis. Thus the KWOMAC needs to be further examined before it can be used to properly determine the health status of the elderly with OA.