• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.332-332
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• 2012

All-ceramic prostheses are widely used to fulfill the high esthetic demand. However, bonding failure between zirconia and porcelain is one of the all-ceramic prostheses failures. In order to improve clinical sucess of all-ceramic prostheses, laboratory or in-office surface conditioning techniques on zirconia have been studied.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 1989

Since we first performed open heart surgery on December 30, 1986, 126 cases were operated on up to August 31, 1989. Among the 126 cases, 65 cases were congenital heart disease of which 63 were acyanotic disease, and 61 cases were acquired heart disease, most of which were valvular heart disease. The age distribution of congenital heart disease was from 1 years 2 months to 48 years, and males had a slightly higher incidence. The age of acquired heart disease was from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of 68 years, and the male to female ratio was 1;1.5. Midsternotomy was performed in all cases, and the aortic cannula was inserted through ascending aorta and the venous cannula inserted into the SVC and IVC through the right atrium. Vent was inserted through the right superior pulmonary vein. Cardioplegia solution was used in all cases; it was composed of sodium bicarbonate 3.5 ampule, KCL 14 mEq, 2% lidocaine 2.5 ml, 20 % albumin 50 ml and heparin 1000 units mixed to 950 ml with Hartman solution, and was made to 4oC and infused 10 ml per Kg every 20 minutes. The congenital heart disease had a variety of VSD in 32 cases, ASD 23 cases, PS 6 cases, PDA 2 cases, and one case each of Ebsteins anomaly and tricuspid atresia. The operations performed for acquired heart disease were 4 cases of OMC, 33 cases of MVR, and 5 cases of AVR, and 1 case of AVR with CABG. DVR was perfomed in 13 cases, and triple valve replacement was done in 1 case. Other than these, excision of LA myxoma was 2 cases, and repair of traumatic VSD and removal of a pulmonary embolism were one case each. The surgical mortality was 5 cases[4%], all of which occurred in valve replacement cases. Follow-up study revealed 2 late deaths. One died after a traffic accident and one died due to sepsis after he had received a gastrectomy for ulcer bleeding. The remaining patients were in good condition.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

We intended to identify the health state of Oriental medical students and also to know how many things of health practice are in healthy group and non-healthy group classified by the THI average score, according to sasang constitution. We collected data with self-administered health questionnaires from 297 men and women, in 9 Korea oriental medical colleges. We diagnosed Sasang constitution using QSCC II and also estimated health degree using THI. Non-healthy group practiced much more health behaviors than healthy one, and there were significant difference in Taeeumin and Soeumin. Non-healthy group of Taeeumin, Soeumin and Soyangin all practiced much more constitutional health behaviors than healthy one, and Soeumin non-healthy and healthy one all practiced much less health behaviors than Taeeumin and Soyangin group. Non-healthy group practiced health behavior for health care and maintenance more than healthy-one, and health state was related with sasang constitution health care. Therefore, institutional and systematic environmental condition would be needed in practicing healthy behaviors for improving the quality of health, and especially developed health promotion programs according to Sasang constitution too.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.3937-3954
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• 2014

With the increasing electricity consumption and the wide application of renewable energy sources, energy auction attracts a lot of attention due to its economic benefits. Many schemes have been proposed to support energy auction in smart grid. However, few of them can achieve range query, ranked search and personalized search. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-keyword range query (EMRQ) scheme, which can support range query, ranked search and personalized search simultaneously. Based on the homomorphic Paillier cryptosystem, we use two super-increasing sequences to aggregate multidimensional keywords. The first one is used to aggregate one buyer's or seller's multidimensional keywords to an aggregated number. The second one is used to create a summary number by aggregating the aggregated numbers of all sellers. As a result, the comparison between the keywords of all sellers and those of one buyer can be achieved with only one calculation. Security analysis demonstrates that EMRQ can achieve confidentiality of keywords, authentication, data integrity and query privacy. Extensive experiments show that EMRQ is more efficient compared with the scheme in [3] in terms of computation and communication overhead.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.276-279
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• 2009

The aim of this case study was to report the clinical outcome of immediate provisionalization using one-piece narrow diameter (3.0mm) implants in missing maxillary lateral or mandibular incisors. The present study included 36 patients who were treated with 62 one-piece narrow diameter implants. After implant placement, immediate provisional restorations were delivered. All implants showed favorable osseointegration and after progressive loading from 3 months to 9 months (average of 5 months), final restorations were completed without failure in all cases. A survival rate of 100 % (62 of 62) was observed up to 23 months of observation (average of 12.6 months).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.309-319
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• 2016

Objectives This study was aimed to analyze the reliability of vocal features and probabilities for being in Sasang constitutional types calculated from Sasang constitutional voice diagnosis system according to operator presence. Methods We acquired 96 voice recordings from one male and one female for 4 days. For the first 2 days, the subjects recorded their voice by themselves. For the last 2 days, they recorded according to the instruction of an operator following the standard operating procedure. We analyze the standard deviations of vocal features, probabilities for being three constitutional types, Tae-Eum (TE), So-Yang (SY), and So-Eum (SE) Results In the case of the female, coefficients of variations of the voice variables and the probabilities for being each constitutional type were all within 20%. In the case of the male, coefficients of variations were all within 20% except one variable. Even if there was no instruction from the operator, standard deviations of the probability did not increase for both genders. When recorded without the operator, for male, the probability for being SE decreased by 3.2%. For female, the probability for being TE increased by 5.438%, and that of SE decreased by 3.057%, and that of SY decreased by 2.394%. Conclusions When recorded without operators, for men, there was a significant difference in the probability for being SE. And for women, there were significant differences in the probabilities for all constitutional types.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.257-260
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• 1987

The asymmetric reduction of representative prochiral ${\alpha},{\beta}$-acetylenic ketones with a new chiral borohydride reducing agent, potassium 9-0-(1,2: 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-${\alpha}$ -D-glucofuranosyl)-9-boratabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, 1, in THF at $-78^{\circ}C$ was studied. Structurally different acetylenic ketones such as internal ${\alpha},{\beta}$-acetylenic ketones $RC {\equiv} CCOCH_3$ and terminal ${\alpha},{\beta}$-acetylenic ketones $HC {\equiv} CCOR$ were chosen. Thus, the reduction of internal ${\alpha},{\beta}$-acetylenic ketones yields the corresponding propargyl alcohols, such as 67% ee for 3-hexyn-2-one, 75% ee for 5-methyl-3-hexyn-2-one, 86% ee for 5,5-dimethyl-3-hexyn-2-one, 74% ee for 3-nonyn-2-one and 61% ee for 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one. Terminal ${\alpha},{\beta}$-acetylenic ketones, such as 3-butyn-2-one, 1-pentyn-3-one, 4-methyl-1-pentyn-3-one and 1-octyn-3-one, are reduced to the corresponding alcohols with 59% ee, 17% ee, 44% ee and 12% ee of optical induction respectively. With one exception (4-methyl-1-pentyn-3-one), all propargyl alcohols obtained are enriched in R-enantiomers.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.19.1-19.12
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of the Hall technique (HT) and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations using high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement for the management of occlusal carious lesions in primary molars. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical study observed 40 children (aged 5-6 years). For each child, one tooth was treated with HT and one with ART. The primary outcome measures for HT restorations were successful, minor, and major failure rates. Clinical evaluations of ART restorations were performed according to the modified United States Public Health Service criteria during 18-month follow-up. McNemar test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Thirty of 40 (75%) participants returned for 18 months of follow-up. In the clinical evaluations of teeth that were treated with HT, the patients did not have complaints of pain or other symptoms, all crowns remained in the oral cavity, the gums were healthy, and the teeth were functional in all evaluations. At the end of the 18-month follow-up, the surface texture and marginal integrity criteria of ART restorations were recorded as 26.7% and 33.3%, respectively. In the radiographic evaluation of 30 patients treated with ART and HT, all restorations were considered successful. Conclusions: The 18-month clinical and radiographic results after treatments applied to single-surface cavities in anxious children showed that both treatment methods were successful.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 1997

The quality changes of hams and sausages in refrigerated storage were investigated. Seven types of hams and six types of sausages produced in Korea were collected from markets and stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$ according to the Food Code of Korea, and then chemical, microbiological, textural and sensory characteristics were evaluated at 30, 40 and 50 days. The proximal analysis showed considerable variation in fat with less variation in moisture and protein. The pH values of hams and sausages slightly changed with no consistent difference. Water activity values of all samples except one type of sausage were consistent over time in refrigerated storage. No purge losses of hams were observed except two types of samples in the intial stage. Several types of sausages showed purge losses with no consistency and one type of sausage showed consistent purge losses (0.44~11.29%) during the storage. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of hams and sausages was still within 20 mg% (Standard and Specification of Korea) on the 50th day, although the VBN of all samples significantly increased over time (p<0.05). The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of hams and sausages were well below 1.0 during the storage, although the TBA values of all samples significantly increased (p<0.05). However it was noticed that one type of ham and two types of sausages showed TBA values of 0.945, 0.928 and 0.978, respectively. All the standard plate counts (SPCs) of hams during the storage period showed a level below 30 CFU/g except one type of sample with 103 CFU/g at 50 days. All the SPCs of sausages showed a level below 50 CFU/g except one type of sample with 102 CFU/g and two types of samples with 104 CFU/g on the 50th day. Coliform groups were not counted in all samples during the storage. Instrumental texture analysis showed that springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess and adhesiveness slightly changed with no consistent difference. The hardness of the hams showed a decreasing tendency, and the hardness of the sausages an increasing tendency with no significant difference. Sensory evaluation for color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability showed decreasing tendencies over time (p<0.05). The scores of the five sensory characteristics maintained the medium level of quality at the termination of the experiment. Although the results indicated that the ham and sausage samples were acceptable after the 50 days' storage at 1$0^{\circ}C$, the shelf-life of the samples should be determined considering the rapid growth of bacteria and the high TBA values at 50 days.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.54.2-54.2
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• 2019

Removing noise which occurs inevitably when taking image data has been a big concern. There is a way to raise signal-to-noise ratio and it is regarded as the only way, image stacking. Image stacking is averaging or just adding all pixel values of multiple pictures taken of a specific area. Its performance and reliability are unquestioned, but its weaknesses are also evident. Object with fast proper motion can be vanished, and most of all, it takes too long time. So if we can handle single shot image well and achieve similar performance, we can overcome those weaknesses. Recent developments in deep learning have enabled things that were not possible with former algorithm-based programming. One of the things is generating data with more information from data with less information. As a part of that, we reproduced stacked image from single shot image using a kind of deep learning, conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). r-band camcol2 south data were used from SDSS Stripe 82 data. From all fields, image data which is stacked with only 22 individual images and, as a pair of stacked image, single pass data which were included in all stacked image were used. All used fields are cut in $128{\times}128$ pixel size, so total number of image is 17930. 14234 pairs of all images were used for training cGAN and 3696 pairs were used for verify the result. As a result, RMS error of pixel values between generated data from the best condition and target data were $7.67{\times}10^{-4}$ compared to original input data, $1.24{\times}10^{-3}$. We also applied to a few test galaxy images and generated images were similar to stacked images qualitatively compared to other de-noising methods. In addition, with photometry, The number count of stacked-cGAN matched sources is larger than that of single pass-stacked one, especially for fainter objects. Also, magnitude completeness became better in fainter objects. With this work, it is possible to observe reliably 1 magnitude fainter object.