• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how three gaze directions (bottom, normal, up) affects the coordination and stability of the lower limb during drop landing. Method: 20 female adults (age: 21.1±1.1 yrs, height: 165.7±6.2 cm, weight: 59.4±5.9 kg) participated in this study. Participants performed single-leg drop landing task on a 30 cm height and 20 cm horizontal distance away from the force plate. Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained using 8 motion capture cameras and 1 force plates and leg stiffness, loading rate, DPSI were calculated. All statistical analyses were computed by using SPSS 25.0 program. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to compared the differences between the variables in the direction of gaze. To locate the differences, Bonferroni post hoc was applied if significance was observed. Results: The hip flexion angle and ankle plantar flexion angle were significantly smaller when the gaze direction was up. In the kinetic variables, when the gaze direction was up, the loading rate and DPSI were significantly higher than those of other gaze directions. Conclusion: Our results indicated that decreased hip and ankle flexion angles, increased loading rate and DPSI when the gaze direction was up. This suggests that the difference in visual information can increase the risk of injury to the lower limb during landing.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.180-182
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• 2005

Fingerprint-based identification is known to be used for a very long time. Owing to their uniqueness and immutability, fingerprints are today the most widely used biometric features. Therefore, recognition using fingerprints is one of the safest methods as a way of personal identification. But fingerprint identification system has a critical weakness. Since the fingerprint identification time dramatically increase when we compare the unknown fingerprint's minutiae with fingerprint database's minutiae. In this paper, a ridge orientation extraction method using Index table is proposed to solve the problem. The goal of fast direction image extraction is to reduce the identification time and to improve the clarity of ridge and valley structures of input fingerprint image.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2004

This study examined the use of intonation in children with single word sentences and investigated the communicative functions of pitch range and pitch direction. Two children aged 13months were observed in interaction with their mothers for 10 months. The vocalizations were coded separately for communicative function and for prosodic feature. Results show that level tones are used most frequently, and pitch range is higher for request than declaration or answer and lower for answer than request or declaration. And trends in prosodic contours were observed in request, declaration, and answer respectively. For one child, rising tones were frequently associated with request whereas rising-falling tone with declaration. For the other child, rising-level tones were more frequently associated with request whereas falling-level appeared more often in conjunction with declaration. These trends appeared more distinct in proportion as they grow in months. This result indicate that the way to express communicative functions transfer gradually from differentiating pitch range to diversify pitch direction.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

This paper compares the time perspective between Korean and American college students and examines the difference of it according to gender and social status of them. The subject of this study were 385 Korean students and 385 American counterparts. The data were collected by survey with questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS program for the frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. The results indicate that American students have more long-term personal direction than Korean counterparts and the effects of gender and social status are different in Korea and America. Korean students showed no difference according to these two variables but female America students indicate more long-term personal direction than male students and the time perspectives were different according to social status in America.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2011

As a fish way is a structure for fish migrating well toward upper stream due to breaking river flow by a dam or dammed pool, the specific fish's swimming ability is one of the main factors in making a plan and managing it. In addition, it also needs to understand the current field in fish road to evaluate its performance. This study is aimed to analyze the swimming patterns with current velocity changes using a Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) in order to understand the swimming ability of silver fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) that is one of the fishes migrating through the fish way of Nakdong River, and to analyze the 2 dimensional current field near to silver fish at swimming momentum. The results showed that average values of tail beat frequencies for continuous swimming with current velocity were 2.8 Hz at 0.3 m/s, 3.2 Hz at 0.4 m/s, 3.8 Hz at 0.5 m/s, respectively. The wake would be produced by direction turning of fish's tail fin and its magnitude would be verified by the difference of pressure. The pressure turbulent flow produced by its tail beat would be made in both sides, and then, the magnitude of wake should be the source of moving direction. The swimming momentum will help to support the primary factor in making a suitable design for specific fish species migrating toward the district river.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.485-507
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• 2012

Parodos, the side entrances to orchestra (acting space), was one of the intrinsic elements for the ancient Greek theatre structure. It is worth noting that parodos was the sole structural component that remained the original form while all the other elements such as orchestra, skene, and theatron experienced drastic or gradual changes in form throughout the passage of time. On the reason for parodo's maintenance of the original form, this study suggests a possibility that parodos could be the most intrinsic among the elements for Greek theatre buildings. For evidence, this paper indicates the historical fact that the procession tradition was the key event in the national or civic festival known as City Dionysia, and that the single-direction passageway, as seen in the Panathenaic Way passing through the City Athens, could be the easiest and most efficient way to realize the cause for the procession tradition that is the citizens' participation and subsequent unification. This study suggests another possibility that the single-direction passageway in the procession could be the archetype of parodos. For evidence, this study finds that this type of passageway was ubiquitous around the City Athens especially in the Agora, the most popular place in the city and the gateway to the processional event for Dionysian Cult as well as the space for the earliest Greek theatricality and, therefore, was familiar to the citizens. From the discussion, this paper argues that the Greek theatre should be the miniature of the Agora in terms of form (single-direction passageway) and function (civic participation and unification), and that parodos was the theatrical version of the processional passageway in the Dionysian Cult. In conclusion, this paper argues that parodos played a double role. It satisfied the theatrical necessity by functioning as the passageway to dramatic action (entrance and exit of actor/chorus) and as the literal door for the entrance of the audience members. At the same time, it satisfied the social cause, that is civic participation and subsequent unification, by functioning as the processional passage to relay the theatre space to civic events for the national religious cult.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2007

Why do some countries walk on the right and others on the left? People have a dominant hand which leads to a natural tendency to favor one side of the road or another depending on the means of transportation being used. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the stereotype of Korean regarding preferred walking direction in encountering various facilities and provide the appropriate information to traffic policy makers. Six hundred Korean male and female subjects aging from 12 to 83 were selected to investigate the various statistics about their preferred walking direction and their employment characteristics on walking diverse facilities. The walking directions of eleven different facilities were asked along with other relative subjects' characteristics(e.g., age, gender, hand and foot dominance) to determine the relationship among these obtained data. The descriptive statistics showed that 73.7% and 26.3% were preferred walking right and left direction respectively. Moreover, various statistical analysis revealed that general tendency of walking direction was varied by hand and foot dominances. There were strong tendency that right-handed people prefer walking right side of the road and vise versa, hence this should be considered in setting up traffic policies. As a concluding remark, it is better to design traffic policies and regulations in the way that peoples' preference and expectation.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the injury mechanism and to provide quantitative data to use in prevention or posture correction training by conducting kinematic and kinetic analyses of risk factors of lower extremity joint injury depending on the change of direction at different angles after a landing motion. Method: This study included 11 men in their twenties (age: $24.6{\pm}1.7years$, height: $176.6{\pm}4.4cm$, weight: $71.3{\pm}8.0kg$) who were right-leg dominant. By using seven infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden), one force platform (AMTI, USA), and an accelerometer (Noraxon, USA), single-leg drop landing was performed at a height of 30 cm. The joint range of motion (ROM) of the lower extremity, peak joint moment, peak joint power, peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF), and peak vertical acceleration were measured. For statistical analysis, one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted at a significance level of ${\alpha}$ <.05. Results: Ankle and knee joint ROM in the sagittal plane significantly differed, respectively (F = 3.145, p = .024; F = 14.183, p = .000), depending on the change of direction. However, no significant differences were observed in the ROM of ankle and knee joint in the transverse plane. Significant differences in peak joint moment were also observed but no statistically significant differences were found in negative joint power between the conditions. Peak vertical GRF was high in landing (LAD) and after landing, left $45^{\circ}$ cutting (LLC), with a significant difference (F = 9.363, p = .000). The peak vertical acceleration was relatively high in LAD and LLC compared with other conditions, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: We conclude that moving in the left direction may expose athletes to greater injury risk in terms of joint kinetics than moving in the right direction. However, further investigation of joint injury mechanisms in sports would be required to confirm these findings.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21호
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• pp.10-16
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• 1999

Mathematics is considered to the beginning of designing thinking because of the sense of logical order system. In this study, it was regarded the mathematics as the logic and the measurement of design system. as is often the case in history, mathematics, it is regard as conceptual model of architectural though, as aesthetic proportional measure and the mirror of thought. The direction of this study is rather multi-sided approaching to the spatial concept than one-sided plane. It is multi-acceptable way to apply mathematical principle to the pace and to be a flexible one. And boundary of interpretation of the flexibility means potential use-ability, and the strictly meaning of flexibility means that the acception of the various Secession and the Change of space. And the various interpretation of the flexibility only can expressed in the relation of opposite concept: the assembly and the disassembly, the expand and the decease, the open and the close and the construct and the de-construct. Mathematics provide the resonable way in architectural thinking and endow the order as logical organizatiov. Regarding these facts, this research is for making it possible to consider the expression property of interior space combination as the way of understanding the accepting of the changes of the times with the mathematical induction, using the rational method like the mathematical arrangement organizatiov.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2011

구조물의 내력증진 방법으로 적용되는 섬유재료에는 탄소섬유와 아라미드섬유 브론섬유 및 유리섬유 등이 있다. 이 중에서도 탄소섬유는 가장 많이 쓰이는 재료로서 다른 종류의 섬유올이 2방향성인 반면 탄소섬유 올은 1방향성으로서 부착되는 섬유올 방향으로만 인장내력에 의해 보강되므로 현장적용 시 섬유올의 부착방향이 매우 중요한 요소이나 보강설계 시 이에 대한 뚜렷한 도시가 되지 않아 구조적 지식이 없는 현장기술자 또는 인부들의 무개념적인 시공으로 보강성능을 전연 확보하지 못하는 사례가 종종 발생되곤 한다. 본 연구는 콘크리트 기둥에 대한 탄소섬유쉬트 방향에 따른 보강성능을 파악코자 각 실험체별로 섬유 올의 경사, 수평 및 수직방향으로 보강한 후 가력을 통한 보강성능을 비교 분석하여 섬유올 방향이 보강성능에 미치는 영향을 대비분석함으로서 섬유방향에 대한 최적의 보강설계 방안을 제시하고자 하였으며, 실험결과 수평방향의 보강성능은 153.43%인 반면 수직보강은 겨우 104.61%로서 거의 보강효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 섬유올 방향의 인장내력 증진에 따른 구속효과에 의한 보강효과로서 보강설계와 현장관리에 철저한 관리가 절대적이다.