• Title/Summary/Keyword: One Segment

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Development of Full Segment Digital Broadcast Receiver based on the ISDB-T (ISDB-T 기반의 FULL-SEG 방송 수신 장치 개발)

  • Ohm, Woo-Yong
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2017
  • The ISDB-T(Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial) can be used in the multipath and impulsive noise, also it provide good performance over mobile reception environment since it use the OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) based transmission technology and time interleaving technology. One segment and full segment are divided according to the number of the assigned segment. And one-segment broadcasting receiver can design and implement without high levels of technology than the full-segment broadcasting receiver using 64QAM(64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) since it uses QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation/demodulation. However, it has a constraint in the display size and resolution due to data-rate limits. In this paper, we design and implementation of full-segment ISDB-T receiver module which support HD resolution for set-top box, digital TV, navigation. In experimental results, the implemented full-segment ISDB-T receiver module was satisfactory for all of the desired functions.

Three New Species of Kelleria (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Kelleriidae) from Korea

  • Kim, Il-Hoi
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2006
  • Three new species of Kelleria are described based on the females from the invertebrate burrows in the Port Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea. These species possess in common no process on the inner margin of the free segment of leg 5. Kelleria grandisetiger n. sp. possesses a large seta on lateral sides of the genital double-somite and a small thumb-like process near base of the free segment of leg 5. Kelleria undecidentata n. sp. possesses the elongated free segment of leg 5 which is more than four times as long as wide and 11 teeth on the distal margin of the second maxillary segment. Kelleria portiviva n. sp. possesses one seta and one distinct spine on the distal margin of the free segment of leg 5, ten or 11 teeth on the distal margin of the second maxillary segment, and a tuft of spinules on the convex outer comer of mandible.

Short-segment Pedicle Instrumentation of Thoracolumbar Burst-compression Fractures; Short Term Follow-up Results

  • Shin, Tae-Sob;Kim, Hyun-Woo;Park, Keung-Suk;Kim, Jae-Myung;Jung, Chul-Ku
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.265-270
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    • 2007
  • Objective : The current literature implies that the use of short-segment pedicle screw fixation for spinal fractures is dangerous and inappropriate because of its high failure rate, but favorable results have been reported. The purpose of this study is to report the short term results of thoracolumbar burst and compression fractures treated with short-segment pedicle instrumentation. Methods : A retrospective review of all surgically managed thoracolumbar fractures during six years were performed. The 19 surgically managed patients were instrumented by the short-segment technique. Patients' charts, operation notes, preoperative and postoperative radiographs (sagittal index, sagittal plane kyphosis, anterior body compression, vertebral kyphosis, regional kyphosis), computed tomography scans, neurological findings (Frankel functional classification), and follow-up records up to 12-month follow-up were reviewed. Results : No patients showed an increase in neurological deficit. A statistically significant difference existed between the patients preoperative, postoperative and follow-up sagittal index, sagittal plane kyphosis, anterior body compression, vertebral kyphosis and regional kyphosis. One screw pullout resulted in kyphotic angulation, one screw was misplaced and one patient suffered angulation of the proximal segment on follow-up, but these findings were not related to the radiographic findings. Significant bending of screws or hardware breakage were not encountered. Conclusion : Although long term follow-up evaluation needs to verified, the short term follow-up results suggest a favorable outcome for short-segment instrumentation. When applied to patients with isolated spinal fractures who were cooperative with 3-4 months of spinal bracing, short-segment pedicle screw fixation using the posterior approach seems to provide satisfactory result.

Improving the Read Performance of OneNAND Flash Memory using Virtual I/O Segment (가상 I/O 세그먼트를 이용한 OneNAND 플래시 메모리의 읽기 성능 향상 기법)

  • Hyun, Seung-Hwan;Koh, Kern
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.636-645
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    • 2008
  • OneNAND flash is a high-performance hybrid flash memory that combines the advantages of both NAND flash and NOR flash. OneNAND flash has not only all virtues of NAND flash but also greatly enhanced read performance which is considered as a downside of NAND flash. As a result, it is widely used in mobile applications such as mobile phones, digital cameras, PMP, and portable game players. However, most of the general purpose operating systems, such as Linux, can not exploit the read performance of OneNAND flash because of the restrictions imposed by their virtual memory system and block I/O architecture. In order to solve that problem, we suggest a new approach called virtual I/O segment. By using virtual I/O segment, the superior read performance of OneNAND flash can be exploited without modifying the existing block I/O architecture and MTD subsystem. Experiments by implementations show that this approach can reduce read latency of OneNAND flash as much as 54%.

Infranuchal Infrafloccular Approach to the More Vulnerable Segments of the Facial Nerve in Microvascular Decompressions for the Hemifacial Spasm

  • Park, Heung-Sik;Chang, Dong-Kyu;Han, Young-Min
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.340-345
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    • 2009
  • Objective : We investigated the locations of compressing vessels in hemifacial spasm. To approach compression sites, we described and evaluated the efficacy of the infranuchal infrafloccular (INIF) approach. Methods : A retrospective review of 31 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) through INIF with a minimum follow-up of 1 year was performed. Along the intracranial facial nerve, we classified the compression sites into the transitional zone (TRZ), the central nervous system (CNS) segment and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) segment. The INIF approach was used to inspect the CNS segment and the TRZ. Subdural patch graft technique was used in order to achieve watertight dural closure. The cranioplasty was performed using polymethylmethacrylate. The outcome and procedure-related morbidities were evaluated. Results : Twenty-nine patients (93%) showed complete disappearance of spasm. In two patients, the spasm was resolved gradually in 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Late recurrence was noted in one patient (3%). The TRZ has been identified as the only compression site in 19 cases (61.3%), both the TRZ and CNS segment in 11 (35.5%) and the CNS segment only in 1 (3.2%). There was no patient having a compressing vessel in the PNS segment. Infection as a result of cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in one patient (3%). Delayed transient facial weakness occurred in one patient. Conclusion : The TRZ and the CNS segment were more vulnerable area to the compression of vessels. We suggest that surgical avenue with the INIF approach provides early identification of this area.

Clustered Segment Index Scheme for P2P VOD Service on Virtual Mesh Overlay Network (가상 메시 오버레이 네트워크상에서의 P2P VOD 서비스를 위한 클러스터 세그먼트 인덱스 기법)

  • Lim, Pheng-Un;Choi, Hwang-Kyu
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.65 no.6
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    • pp.1052-1059
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    • 2016
  • Video-on-Demand(VoD) is one of the most popular media streaming which attracted many researchers' attention. VMesh is one of the most cited works in the field of the VoD system. VMesh is proposed to solve the problem of random seeking functionality. However, a large number of the DHT(Distributed Hash Table) searches in VMesh is sill the main problem which needs to be solved. In order to reduce the number of the DHT searches, the clustered segment index(CSI) scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the video segments are divided into clusters. The segment information of the video segments, which are clustered into the same cluster, are stored in the same clustered segment index that can be searched by using the hash key. Each peer also can request the required segments by using this clustered segment index. The experiment results show that the number of the DHT searches in the proposed scheme is less than that of VMesh even in case of peers leave and join the network or peers perform the fast forward/backward operations.

Molecular Characterization of a New Hantaan Virus Howang Strain (한탄바이러스 호왕균주의 M, S 유전자 절편의 염기서열 및 분자생물학적 특성)

  • Chu, Yong-Kyu;Lee, Ho-Wang
    • The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 1997
  • Hantaan virus Howang strain which isolated from the blood of severe case of Korean hemorrhagic fever is more virulent than HTN 76/118 and showed different RFLP from partial PCR amplifed M genome segment to established Hantaan serotype viruses. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the M and S genome segments and compared to HTN 76/118. The M and S segment of Howang strain has 3615 and 1696 nucleotides long, respectively. The M segment sequence of Howang strain is one mucleotide shorter than HTN 76/118. The sequence data of Howang strain shows 93.5% homology to HTN 76/118. One long open reading frame, which strats from 41nt. to 3448nt. of the M segment and from 37nt. to 1326nt. of the S segment, exist to on complementary sense of the virus genome. There are no significant difference between HTN 76/118 and Howang strain on hydrophobicity of deduced polypeptides, but has slight difference on secondary structure.

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LINGUAL FRACTURE TECHNIQUE TO PREVENT THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE PROXIMAL SEGMENT DURING SSRO PROCEDURE (시상골 골절단술시 근심골편의 변위를 방지하기위한 lingual fracture technique)

  • Chang, Heon-Soo;Woo, Sung-Do;Kim, Jong-Pil;Ann, Jye-Jynn
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.51-62
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    • 1994
  • The sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is a common procedure which has been used in the correction of mandibular deformities for a few decades. Although the technical improvements have increased the reliability and stability of SSRO procedure, the postoperative relapse is imperative and clinically more significant than any other complication. One of the major causes of the relapse is due to the displacement of the proximal segment during SSRO procedure, which is well documented in the literature. Therefore it is important to preserve the original position of the proximal segment during SSRO proced and maxillofacial fixation period. In the case of mandibular asymmetry, if one side of mandible is advanced and the other side of mandible is setback during SSRO procedure, the proximal segment in the advancement site will rotate laterally and the proximal segment in the setback site will rotate medially. For the prevention of the lateral rotation or flaring of the proximal segment in the advancment site. we deliberately fracture the posterior protion of the distal segment in green-stick fashion during SSRO procedure, and there is no need to fix the fractured lingual segment. We fix the two osteotomized bony segments in the buccal cortex area rigidly with adjustable monocortical plates and screws. During SSRO procedure the lingual fracture technique was applied to nine patients with severe mandibular asymmetry who underwent orthognathic surgery in our hospital since march, 1992. These clinical experiencies enable us to find the lingual fracture technique has the following advantages. 1. The proximal segment is displaced minimally. 2. The osteotomized bony segments are contacted intimately. 3. The postoperative relapse and the healing period are decreased.

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Perceptional Change of a New Product, DMB Phone

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Ko, Deok-Im
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.59-88
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    • 2008
  • Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.

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One-half Sternal Turnover; New Operative Approach for Asymmetrical Funnel Chest (절반 흉골반전법;비대칭 누두흉에 대한 새로운 수술기법의 제안)

  • 이승열
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.26 no.12
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    • pp.969-971
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    • 1993
  • The sternal turnover has a limited use in an asymmetrical funnel chest. However we tried `One-half sternal turnover` as a new operative approach for an asymmetrical funnel chest. Through the bilateral submammary skin incision, median sternotomy was made from xiphoid process to midsternum and extended horizontally. The segment of ribs were cut at the angle of depression. The en-bloc resected chest wall segment contained one-half sternum as well as a part of ribs and left half of rectus muscle. After turning over the en-bloc segment, reapproximation with wiring was done. Sternotomy wound was closed in layer after placing of substernal drainage tube. Postoperatively, the chest wall was stable and the recovery course was uneventful except left-sided minimal pneumothorax which was cured spontaneaously. The patient was discharged on postoperative 14th day.

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