• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

The data delivery confirmation method of MIL-STD-188-220C, which is a tactical wireless mobile Ad-Hoc communication protocol, is that a source node requires the end-to-end ack from all destination nodes and the data-link ack from 1-hop neighboring destination nodes and relaying nodes, regardless of the hop distance from a source node to destination nodes. This method has the problem to degrade the whole communication network performance because of excessive data traffic due to the duplicate use of end-to-end ack and data-link ack, and the collision among end-to-end acks on the wireless network in the case of confirming a data delivery within an 1-hop distance. In order to solve this problem, this paper has proposed the method to perform the data delivery confirmation with the improvement of communication network performance through the data traffic reduction by achieving the reliable data delivery confirmation requiring the only data-link ack within an 1-hop distance. The effects of the proposed method are analyzed in the two aspects of the data delivery confirmation delay time and the data delivery confirmation success ratio.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to test the effects of a full body massage on labor pain and delivery stress reaction for primipara during labor. Method: This study employed a quasi- experimental method(nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design). The subjects of this study were 57 primipara hospitalized at the U OB & GYN hospital in Inchon from November 1. 2001 to July 31, 2002. 28 women were assigned to the experimental group and 29 to the control group. The experimental group was given 20 minutes full body massage for each of three delivery phases. The control group was given conventional delivery care. The levels of labor pain were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale and the expression scores of the labor pain and the levels of delivery stress reaction were measured by pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, and State-Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), t-test, $X^2$- test, simple ANCOVA with SPSS program. Result: There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.370, p=.693), but significant time effects were found for subjective labor pain(F=3.840, p=.028). There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.112, p=.894), but significant group effects were found for objective labor pain(F=12.299, p=.001). There was no interaction effect between time and group for PR(F=.172, p=.843), RR(F=.626, p=.539), SBP(F=.089, p=.915), DBP(F=.748, p=.479), but significant group effects were found for SBP(F=7.547, p=.008). The level of status anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(F=11.787, p=.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the full body massage has partially positive effect on labor pain and delivery stress reaction. Therefore this study suggested that the full body massage might be used clinically to help primipara during labor.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-20
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine primiparas' perception of delivery experience and identity as the mother("Myself as the Mother" and "My Baby") according to delivery methods such as normal delivery and cesarean section. The result of this study summarized as follows. 1. The primiparas' perception of delivery experience according to delivery methods showed that the primipars who had normally delivered perceives the delivery experience more positively than those by cesarean section(t=4.88, p=0.000). This fact supported hypothesis 1 that "the primiparas group by normal delivery should perceive the delivery experience more positively that by cesarean section." 2. The primiparas who had delivered by cesarean section were more positive in the SD-Self score than those who had normally delivered at the time when four weeks passed after delivered, and there was a significant difference(t=-4.21, p\0.000). Therefore, hypothesis 2-1 that "the primiparas group who had normally delivered should be more positive in the SD-Self 1-2 days and 4 weeks after delivery than one who delivered by cesarean section" was rejected. 3. It was shown that the primiparas who had delivered normally were more positive in the SD-Baby 1-2 days 4 weeks after delivery than those who delivered by cesarean section(after-delivery 1-2 days : t=3.10, p=0.002 and after-delivery 4 weeks : t=2.15, p=0.034). Based on this fact, hypothesis 2-2 that "the primiparas group who had delivered normally should be more positive in the SD-Baby 1-2days and 4 weeks after delivery than those who had delivered by cesarean section"was supported. 4. Primiparas who had delivered by cesarean section appeared to have a positive identity as the mother by showing a more significant difference (t=7.96, p=0.000) 4 weeks after delivery than 1-2 days after delivery. In conclusion, we see that primiparas' perception of delivery experience and identity as the mother were different according to delivery methods. Thus, it is required to devise a nursing in tervention strategy to expand support from the health care system and opportunities to provide pre. post-delivery programs so that primiparas can have a positive perception of delivery experience and a positive identity as the mother. Based on conclusion stated above, the following suggestions are made. 1. As this study compared the perception of delivery experience and identity as the mother between prmiparas who had delivered normally and ones who had delivered by cesarean section, the further study on comparison between multiparas who had delivered normally and ones who had delivered by cesarean section is needed. 2. According to the results of this study, longitudinal study is needed to examine the difference and change in the formation of maternal identity. 3. According to the result of this study, a study is also needed to determine interaction between time for maternal identity and delivery methods.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.236-244
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• 2014

Presented in the paper is a reservation based dispatching rule to achieve the on-time delivery in system LSI (large scale integrated circuit) semiconductor fabrication (FAB) with urgent orders. Using the proposed reservation based dispatching rule, urgent lots can be processed without waiting in a queue. It is possible to achieve the on-time delivery of urgent orders by reserving a proper tool for the next step in advance while urgent lots are being processed at the previous step. It can cause, however, tardiness of normal lots, because the proposed rule assign urgent lots first. To solve this problem, the proposed rule tries to find the best tool for the reservation in the tool group, which can minimize idle time, and the reservation rule is applied at all tools except for photolithography tools (bottleneck). $MOZART^{(R)}$ which is developed by VMS solutions are used for simulation experiments. The experimentation results show that the reservation based dispatching rule can achieve the on-time delivery of normal lots as well as urgent lots.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to a study on the effects of fertile women on the low fertility in Korea. It is designed to research a model and established hypothesis with emphasis on major variables based on theoretical discussions. However, the result of the study is as follows. Firstly, this brought in delivery avoid phenomenon thus resulting in lower delivery phenomenon. The government should propose reasonable solutions to persuade female personal value and important elements of delivery rate at the same time. Secondly, Patriarchal stereotypes weighting household labor to female traditionally pressures working female with double burden as dual stance of work and family worsen the delivery will. Such atmosphere within a family generates female with an ability to get pregnancy to avoid marriage and delivery. Lastly, the research has pointed out the delivery support policy as most ineffective policy among government policies. To solve this problem, the government policy to recover delivery rate must be reviewed continuously and to be exercised immediately.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2014

Widely spreading smart devices have become an important information sharing channel in everyday life. In particular, social networking services (SNS) are the hub for content creation and sharing. Users post their contents on SNS servers and receive contents of interest. Contents are delivered in either pull or push. Regarding delivery, cost and wait time are two important factors to be minimized, but they are in a trade-off relationship. The Push-N-scheme (PNS) and timeout-based push scheme (TPS) have been proposed for content delivery. PNS has an advantage in cost over TPS, whereas TPS has an edge in terms of the wait time over PNS. We propose a hybrid push scheme of PNS and TPS, called push-N-scheme with timeout (PNT), to balance the cost and the wait time. We evaluate PNT through simulations, with the results showing that PNT is effective in balancing PNS and TPS.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the different effects on labor pain, length of delivery time, and hemoglobin for primipara women treated by San-Yin-Jiao(SP-6) acupressure of 15 minutes or 30 minutes. Methods: The design of this study was a randomized clinical trial with two experimental groups and one control group, the participants included primiparas who underwent vaginal delivery. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics with a subjective labor pain scale with VA.S, and length of delivery time and hemoglobin were collected in the medical record. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, x2- test, t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: There was statistically significant lower labor pain in the group of 30 minutes SP6 acupressure than the control group(t=7.733, p=.007), and there was statistically significant short length of delivery time in the group of 15 minutes SP6 acupressure than the control group(t=-2.230, p=.030). Conclusions: Even though we could not found a consistent effect with the SP6 acupressure, It was found that there was effect on shortening length of delivery time by 15 minutes of SP6 acupressure or lessening labor pain by 30 minutes of SP6 acupressure without risk of blood loss. It is necessary to replicate the study with a larger number of participants to find a consistent result.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2017

Real-time transmission studies in wireless sensor networks propose a mechanism that exploits a node that has a higher delivery speed than the desired delivery speed in order to satisfy real-time requirement. The desired delivery speed cannot guarantee real-time transmission in a congested area in which none of the nodes satisfy the requirement in one hop because the desired delivery speed is fixed until the packet reaches the sink. The feature of this mechanism means that the packet delivery speed increases more than the desired delivery speed as the packet approaches closer to the sink node. That is, the packet can reach the sink node earlier than the desired time. This paper proposes an improved real-time transmission by controlling the delivery speed using the temporal gain which occurs on the packet delivery process. Using the received data from a previous node, a sending node calculates the speed to select the next delivery node. The node then sends a packet to a node that has a higher delivery speed than the recalculated speed. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism in terms of the real-time transmission success ratio is superior to the existing mechanisms.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to understand the motorcycle accident characteristics of food delivery workers and to present basic guidelines on accident prevention through accident. Background: It is known that food delivery workers have a high ratio of self-employed and youth workers, and occupations with frequent disasters. Therefore the occupation is known to really be in need of accident prevention policy. Method: This study analyzed the data of motorcycle crashes of 1,310 food delivery workers that have been approved as on-duty industrial crashes since 2015. The accident characteristics were examined by dividing them into driver related factors and accident related factors. Results: Among the motorcycle crashes of food delivery workers, 99.2% of the victims were males, 82.6% had less than six months of work experience. 76.2% of the victims were employed by the companies with less than five workers. In addition, there was a difference in accident characteristics according to age, type of cuisine, accident time of the day, injured organs and injured body part. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as baseline data to devise systematic measures to prevent motorcycle crashes of food delivery workers. Application: Preventative measures for novice young part time workers including safety education/training need to be established.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.106-116
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• 2021

This paper considers a joint problem for blood inventory planning at hospitals and blood delivery planning from blood centers to hospitals, in order to alleviate the blood service imbalance between big and small hospitals being occurred in practice. The joint problem is to determine delivery timing, delivery quantity, delivery means such as medical drones and legacy blood vehicles, and inventory level to minimize inventory and delivery costs while satisfying hospitals' blood demand over a planning horizon. This problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming model by considering practical constraints such as blood lifespan and drone specification. To solve the problem, this paper employs a Lagrangian relaxation technique and suggests a time efficient Lagrangian heuristic algorithm. The performance of the suggested heuristic is evaluated by conducting computational experiments on randomly-generated problem instances, which are generated by mimicking the real data of Korean Red Cross in Seoul and other reliable sources. The results of computational experiments show that the suggested heuristic obtains near-optimal solutions in a shorter amount of time. In addition, we discuss the effect of changes in the length of blood lifespan, the number of planning periods, the number of hospitals, and drone specifications on the performance of the suggested Lagrangian heuristic.