• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to investigate the difference between perceptions of the nude body and of the clothed body as measured by body cathexis scale. Subjects were 274 college male and female between 20~30 yrs. Data were analyzed by using frequency, T test, cluster analysis, Duncan test by using Spss for window 8.0 PC program. Significant difference were found between mean scores of male and female on the nude body cathexis (NBC) and clothed body cathexis (CBC) Scales for hair texture, hair color, face, face color, shape of head, eye, lips, forehead, back, trunk, waist, bust, leg of shape, chest, hip. On the difference between male and female, significant differences were found between NBC and CBC scales for all body parts except hair texture, face color, ears, eyes, teech. Male had higher satisfaction than female in both body cathexis. The taller men, the higher body satisfaction with face shape, body shape, height in both body cathexis. Before appearence management, the bigger men, the higher body satisfaction with musle, waist, height, chest, body shape in both body cathexis. Male had higher satisfaction than female in both body cathexis. The taller women, the higher body satisfaction with neck, body shape, height in before appearence management. The bigger women, the higher body satisfaction with heights, weight distributions, waist, height in both.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

The severity of electric shock is entirely dependent on body resistance. When the human body becomes a part of electric circuit, the body resistance is given as a function of shock scenario. Factors which consist of applied voltage, shock duration, body current path and contact area, etc.. The body resistance is defined as the voltage applied to subjects divided by the body current. To secure safety of the subjects, the experiment is conducted on 10 subjects, the body current is limited to 4mA. And only three factors under many shock scenario conditions are used to determine the body resistance. The three factors are the applied voltage, the current pathway and the contact area. The object of this work is to estimate the dynamic resistance of the human body as a function of applied voltage using the body current at low-voltage levels. The data of the body current at low-voltage levels are extrapolated to high-voltage levels using two analytic functions with specified constants calculated by numerical method. Also we can provide permissible body voltage for various copper electrodes on the basis of the data determined with the dynamic resistance and the body current.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze body mass index of women in their twenties and investigate the relationships of body attitude and clothing attitude. To achieve the purposes of this study, a questionnaire was conducted with 398 people from May 2 to May 30, 2013. The final data was analyzed with spss 18.0 program. The results were as follows: First, I found that body attitude had this order: Feeling fat, Lower body fatness, Salience of weight and shape, Attractiveness, Strength and fitness, and Body disparagement Secondly, there were significant differences of body attitude based on demographic characteristics and body mass index. Thirdly, I found that clothing attitude was classified into four factors of Personality pursuit, Body complement, Appearance ostentation, and Social approval. Fourthly, there were significant differences of clothing attitude based on demographic characteristics and body mass index. Fifthly, there were significant relations of body mass index, body attitude, and clothing attitude of women in their twenties. Thus, I found that body mass index and body attitude were related to clothing attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to classify body type by BMI and to inquire about body satisfaction and fitness apparel depending on body type among women 20-50years of age. As a result, body types are classified into three groups: lean, normal, and obese figures. On front silhouette, the normal type occupies most in women belonged to lean figure group, the obese lower part of the bodytype in normal figure group, and the obese upper part of the body type in obese figure group. On the other, in side silhouette, the slender type is prevalent in lean figure group, hip obesity in normal figure group, and trunk obesity in obese figure group. In particular, women in the obese figure group were distributed among the various body types. The obese figure group had a lower fitness apparel in the measurement of circumference(e.g., chest, waist, and hip) related to obesity in comparison with measurement of length. Therefore, the development of an optimal sizing system in response to the various body types in the obese figure group is needed to provide more diversity in aesthetic design and continuity among various sizing systems.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.35-55
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the somatotypes of women in the early 20's, which were likely to deform due to bad posture in growth period. Accordingly, bodies of women aged 20 to 24, whose growth stopped, were measured directly and indirectly, and factors related to body shapes were extracted, body shapes were categorized based on the data, and the characteristics of each body shape were analyzed. As a result, 10 factors related to body shapes were extracted in the factor analysis, and body shapes were categorized into 6 types. Type 1 was the volume of body that was big and the longest; and the general frame was large. The straight body shape with small back protrusion; the shoulder is relatively thick and the width of the shoulder was normal. Type 2 was the volume of body that was the biggest and the upper body was the longest; the general frame was of average height. The forward body shape with the back flat; the shoulder was very thick, wide, and serious leaning forward. Type 3 was a body that was thin and the shortest. The sway-back body shape with big curvature at the back; the shoulder was thin, narrow, and straight. Type 4 was a body that was short stature, and the general frame was of average build. The forward body shape with the most serious back protrusion; the shoulder was normally thick, narrow, and straight. Type 5 was a group with small body, and the lower body and general frame are long. The sway-back body shape with protrusion at the upper shoulder and the sides leaning backward; the shoulder was thin, wide, and leaning forward. Type 6 was a thin and short body; and the general frame was small. The lean-back body shape with the smallest back protrusion and leaning backward; the shoulder was thin, narrow, and leaning backward. Characteristics of the classified body shapes can be used in producing ready-made clothes, and it is hoped that there will be follow-up studies on clothing pattern design and production based on this result.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of body consciousness and body esteem on interpersonal competence. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 220 dental hygiene students during July 1-31, 2020. The findings show that the subjects scored means of 3.32±0.26, 3.33±0.53, and 3.49±0.45 out of 5 in body consciousness, body esteem, and interpersonal competence, respectively. There were negative correlations between body surveillance and body shame (r=-0.303, p<0.001), as well as between two subfactors of body consciousness. Body shame was positively correlated with subfactors of interpersonal competence such as relationship initiation (r=0.217, p<0.01), claim for displeasure (r=0.218, p<0.01), and conflict management (r=0.231, p<0.01). Under the category of body esteem, body function esteem had positive correlations with conflict management (r=0.293, p<0.01) and consideration for others (r=0.141, p<0.05). Body consciousness and body esteem had effects on interpersonal competence, with an explanatory power of 13.4%. Higher body consciousness (β=.16, p=0.016) and body esteem (β=.22, p=0.02) were associated with greater interpersonal competence. These findings demonstrate that college students' objectified body consciousness and body esteem have an impact on their interpersonal competence. This raises the need to develop and apply a program to help students have positive perceptions of their bodies and establish their own individuality and body images to enhance their interpersonal competence.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.469-480
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• 2020

The study investigated the effects of SNS usage on 20s and 30s female SNS users' internalization of thin body, body surveillance, appearance upper comparison, body dissatisfaction and eating disorders based on objectification theory and social comparison theory. The study examined differences on SNS usage and body image variables between high and low groups of SNS envy and self-compassion. Social Network Service (SNS) is used as a contemporary marketing tool for brands and companies. It also influences the body image of female SNS users. The survey used an online survey company for female SNS users in their 20s and 30s to analyze the effect of SNS usage. The results showed that SNS usage significantly impacted the internalization of a thin body, body surveillance and appearance upper comparison. The internalization of thin body also had a significant impact on body surveillance and appearance upper comparison. Appearance upper comparison positively affected body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Finally, the group with higher SNS envy showed higher SNS usage, internalization of thin body, body surveillance, appearance upper comparison, body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The group with higher self-compassion showed opposite results. This study provided a theoretical expansion for a SNS and female body image study with objectification theory and social comparison theory. It also suggests positive SNS marketing strategies use for brands. Lastly, this study emphasized the importance of the proper use of SNS to protect the body image of SNS users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.510-524
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• 2021

Selfie practices on social media can result in negative body image for men. The current study investigated the dual body image pathway model for the relationship between selfie practices on social media and body satisfaction, with internalization as a mediator. Structural equation modeling analyses supported our research model when studying 446 young Korean male Instagram users. The results indicated that selfie editing behavior, but not selfie browsing behavior, significantly predicted an increased internalization of a body ideal. The positive associations between internalization, muscularity dissatisfaction, and body fat dissatisfaction were confirmed. Additionally, the indirect effects of selfie editing behavior on muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction due to internalization were significant. The study confirmed the detrimental effects of selfie behavior on body satisfaction for male social media users. The results provided valuable information that selfie editing may be a risky behavior since it can result in developing muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction. Theoretical contributions and practical implications were discussed. Future research should address the age and cultural differences that may elucidate the impacts of selfie practices on men's body image concerns.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.63-77
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and objectified body consciousness on male consumer' appearance management behavior. The subjects were 648 males aged from 20 to 59 years old, and the questionnaire consisted of sociocultural attitude toward appearance, objectified body consciousness, appearance management behavior, and subject' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as follows. Three dimensions(appearance importance awareness, slimness importance awareness, and internalization) were emerged on sociocultural attitude toward appearance. Three dimensions(body shame, body surveillance, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness. Five dimensions(skin, hair, body, fashion, and plastic surgery management) were emerged on appearance management behavior. In sociocultural attitude toward appearance dimensions, appearance importance awareness and internalization had important effects on appearance management behavior. In objectified body consciousness dimensions, body shame and control belief had important effects on appearance management behavior. This results concluded that sociocultural attitude toward appearance and objectified body consciousness are important variables to understand on male consumer' appearance management behavior.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.165-171
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body-cathexis and importance of meeting the ideal cody image on clothing style preferences. Body-cathexis and importance of meeting the ideal body image were measured for five areas of body parts: head/upper body, lower body, height, weight and torso. Clothing style preferences consisted of clothing preferences for sexy styles, waist emphasis, tight fit, and dark colors. The results showed that there were significant effects of body-cathexis and importance of meeting the ideal body image on clothing style preferences.