• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1511-1521
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• 2012

An attempt is made to analyse characteristic features of heavy rainfalls which occur at the metropolitan area of the Korean peninsular the on- and off- Changma season. For this, two representative heavy rainfall episodes are selected; one is the on-Changma season wherein a torrential rain episode happened at Goyang city on 12 July 2006, and the other is the off-Changma season, a heavy rainfall event in Seoul on 21 September 2006. Both recorded considerable amounts of precipitation, over 250mm in a half-day, which greatly exceeded the amount expected by numerical prediction models at those times, and caused great damage to property and life in the affected area. Similarities in the characteristics of both episodes were shown by; the location of upper-level jet streak and divergence fields of the upper wind over heavy rainfall areas, significantly high equivalent potential temperatures in the low atmospheric layer due to the entrainment of hot and humid air by the low-level jet, and the existence of very dry air and cold air pool in the middle layer of the atmosphere at the peak time of the rainfall events. Among them, differences in dynamic features of the low-level jet and the position of rainfall area along the low-level jet are remarkable.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of shanyao. To use shanyao correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of shanyao to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1) Source About a source of shanyao, though korea and china has a each other source, we think there is no problem in use of both. 2) Process In our country producing shanyao as medical use is a 'duanma', we can divide into peeling and non-peeling, drying at bulks and at briquets, steaming shanyao and fresh shanyao. Regardless of existence for peeling and steaming, a distributing shanyao is received a proper judgment. Like this result was expressed by insufficiency of standards about medical components or indicating components. We detected a reminding S02 more than 10 ppm. And this expresses that there ia a problum at a drying method. To suggest proper processing methods, a standard of quility will have to be made which the existence of peeling, difference of quility between 'changma' and 'duanma', drying method and exudation test with cutted thickness are adaptable. Besides, 'maoshanyao' and 'guangshanyao' of china is processed by various methods which decrease a medical effect such as too much soaking shanyao in water, steaming with a sulfur, too much peeling, So we must process shanyao like the next methods. (1) When harvesting, dig deeply not to cut off roots. (2) Not to peel, wash shanyao in a washing machine. (3) Dry to 50-60% degree at sunny place or drying machine. (4) To be easy for drying and exudation, cut off a thick piece with 5 mm (5) Dry perfectly at ding machine. 3) Quality3) Quality (1) Functional standards It is not Proper that 'guangshanyao' is used in china because it has a problem with quility on process of working, If they did not soak shanyao in water or heat with steam, it is the real situation that they cannot cutt off shanyao evenly. In conclusion, shanyao must be heavy, powdery with a perfectly non-peeling surface, section surface is yellow-white color, unequal and has no holes. (2) Physicochemical standards It is the real situation that we can not distinguish into quility of shanyao with established test because various workings which decrease medical effects is used. Therefore we suggest a testing standard of S02 which is used in bleaching. And testing standards relatived with decrease of medical effects must be established at once. It must that Dry on loss is less than 14.0%, content of ash is less than 6.0%. Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 0.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agricultural medince.