• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the case of an olfactory disorder in two patients combined by intranasal acupuncture treatment. Methods The authors mainly performed infrared irradiation while acupuncturing nasal and bilateral Yeonghyang-hyeol (迎香穴, LI20) in two patients with olfactory disorder. In addition, nasal lasers were irradiated for 5 minutes, these help to communicate meridians and control chi-shue (氣-血). Depending on the sub-symptoms of each patient, we were acupuncturing Indang-hyeol (印堂穴) or herbal medicine treatment which is Hyunggaeyungyo-tang (荊芥蓮翹湯), Bangpungtongsungsan (防風通聖散), Gamiygin-tang (加味二陳湯) was also performed. Results The patient's nasal symptoms were alleviated by intranasal acupuncture treatment. Conclusions There are no clinical studies in regards to acupuncture treatment in olfactory disorder so far. However, this study demonstrated positive health outcomes on olfactory disorder from intranasal acupuncture treatment.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of traditional korean medicine treatment on patients with olfactory disorder who did not respond to steroid treatment. Methods : A retrospective chart review was conducted on 16 patients who visited the outpatient clinic with olfactory disorder for over 1 month. The patients were treated with Herbal medicine, acupuncture, electronic moxibustion, intranasal pharmacopuncture, and olfactory training. The treatment effect was evaluated by KVSS I test. Results : There was no significant difference in KVSS I test score according to sex, age, duration of treatment, number of treatment, the days after onset. There was no significant difference in the KVSS I test scores before and after the treatment for the cases of sinonasal disease, head trauma, and idiopathic cases. However, there was a significant difference in cases of post-viral olfactory disorder. Conclusion : Traditional korean medicine may be effective for patients with post-viral olfactory disorder that did not show improvement in steroid treatment.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the case of olfactory disorder treated with Mahwanggachul-tang. Methods : A 58-year-old female patient began to smell the odor of swimming pool water during daily life at the October 2023. Symptoms get worse over time, all smells in daily life felt like bad odors from around January 2024. A brain CT scan was performed to identify other causative diseases, but no abnormal findings were diagnosed. The patient visited the clinic on April 1, 2024, and the patient received Korean medical treatment, including herbal medicine(Mahwanggachul-tang) and acupuncture. The severity of olfactory disorder was evaluated by NRS before and after administration of each treatment term. Results : The patient's symptoms improved and NRS changed 10 to 0. Conclusions : This case study showed an effectiveness of Mahwanggachul-tang treated on Olfactory disorder.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to report the effect of Dangguijakyak-san and acupuncture on postviral olfactory disorder. Methods : Dangguijakyak-san extract granule was administered three times a day. Acupuncture was applied to 11 acupoints(EX-HN3, GV20, GV23 and both side of LI04. LR03, LI20, EX-HN8) for 15 minutes once a week. Results : The score of olfactory threshold test and TDI(Threshold-Discrimination-Identification) score increased by 3 points. The subjective sense of smell was improved for the substances that could not previoulsy be smelled. Conclusions : This study shows the possibility of using Dangguijakyak-san and acupuncture to treat postviral olfactory disorder.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medicine on olfactory disorders due to chronic sinusitis. Methods : Two patients with chronic sinusitis complaining of olfactory disturbances, nasal obstruction, and purulent discharge were treated with herbal medicines and acupuncture treatment. The nasal endoscopic examination and paranasal sinuses x-ray series (PNS x-ray) were performed. In addition, numeral rating scale (NRS) of olfactory disturbances and degrees of nasal obstruction and purulent discharge were evaluated. Results : In cases 1 and 2, NRS of olfactory disturbances decreased from 9 to 1. Nasal obstruction and purulent discharge decreased to no symptoms or intermittent level at moderate or severe level. The endoscopic findings and PNS x-ray findings were improved after treatments. Among various treatments of Korean medicine, Gamitonggyu-tang may play a crucial role in the reduction of sinusitis and olfactory disorders. Conclusions : This case report can be used as a basis for the use of Korean medicine, Gamitonggyu-tang, for olfactory disorder due to chronic sinusitis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.281-285
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• 1999

Kallmann's syndrome has both a general and specific connotation in describing general condition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency or a particular cluster of anomalies associated with primary eunuchoidism. The familial occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with anosmia, color blindness, synkinesia, and mental defect is the classic Kallmann's syndrome. Interestingly, anosmia, or lack of smell, was not found in the absence of gonadal deficiency in the original study of this disorder. This disorder was found on both sexes, but the male to female ratio was 11:1, and Kallmann's syndrome is more often listed under disorders of male hypogonadism for this reason. Gross anatomy has shown disorders of the olfactory bulbs associated with Kallmann's syndrome and it was demonstrated a failure of GnRH-containing cells to migrate from the olfactory placode to the hypothalamus and preoptic area. We have experienced a case of Kallmann's syndrome which showed a hypoplasia of olfactory bulb in MRI during the workup of primary amenorrheic patient. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.

• Journal of Rhinology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2018

본 종설에서는 부비동 수술 후 후각 회복에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대해 서술 하였으며, 이들을 숙지함으로써 술 전에 후각 회복 여부를 예측할 수 있고, 술 후 후각 회복율을 높이는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 부비동 내시경 수술 후 후각 기능은 다양한 치료 결과를 나타내고, 호전되었다고 하더라도 저후각증 상태로 남아있는 경우도 많은데, 이는 반복적인 감염과 상피조직의 손상이 후각신경세포들의 불가역적인 손상이나 편평상피화 및 섬유화를 초래함으로써 기인할 수 있다. 수술 후에도 지속되는 점막의 부종이나 후열 부위의 염증도 후각 회복을 저해할수 있다. 술 전 후각이 무후각증 일수록, 비용종이 있을수록, CT상 후열 혼탁이 경도일수록, 부비동 수술 과거력이 없을수록, 후각장애 기간이 짧을수록, 비호산구성 부비동염, 상처 회복이 순조로울수록 수술 후 후각 회복율이 높다고 할 수 있다. 만성부비동염에 동반되는 후각 장애는 환자나 의사 모두에게 해결이 힘든 문제이자 수술 후 결과를 정확하게 예측하기 어려운 문제로 남아있으며, 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2019

이 연구는 4-7세의 발달장애 아동을 대상으로 하여 감각처리와 수면장애의 관계를 알아보고 감각처리가 수면장애에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 2017년 6월부터 8월까지 발달 클리닉 및 재활병원에 내원하는 전반적 발달장애 아동 110명을 대상으로 하여 최종 101명의 자료를 분석하였다. 감각처리와 수면장애를 평가하기 위해 단축형 감각 프로파일(SSP)과 한국형 아동 수면장애 척도(K-CSHQ)로 자료 조사하였다. 통계분석은 기술분석과 피어슨 상과분석, 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 발달장애 아동은 감각처리와 수면장애에 문제를 보이는 경우가 많았다. 감각처리는 수면장애와 관련이 있었으며 수면장애에 대한 감각처리의 최종 영향 요인은 맛/냄새 민감성, 청각필터링과 전반적인 감각처리인 것으로 나타났다. 발달장애 아동의 질 높은 수면을 돕기 위해서는 아동의 감각처리 능력을 중재에 고려할 필요가 있으며 특히 맛/냄새 민감성, 청각 필터링 영역을 중재하는 것이 도움이 될 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2020

Besides respiratory infection, COVID-19 has many neurological symptoms not only loss of smell and taste but also fatigue and brain fog. But it is a challenge to treat the neurological symptoms especially of anosmia and ageusia. In order to search for the therapeutic methods, the geographical diversity and pathological mechanisms of the COVID-19 and two symptoms were investigated from the latest clinical studies. Because the environmental conditions of the monsoon climate zone of East Asia and the Mediterranean and Oceanic climate zone of Italy, Britain, United States and tropical Brazil are different, each of diverse etiology and internal milieu should be considered differently in the treatment. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits the dampness-like characteristics and the olfactory and gustatory disorders are particularly more common than other flu or cold. and it tends to show features of damaging the lung qi of olfaction and heart-spleen qi of gustation. The mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory loss are various according to precursory, inflammatory, non-inflammatory and sequelar forms, so the therapeutic method should be designed for each period and pathology. If the process of inflammation arises from nasal and respiratory, olfactory epithelium to the central nervous structure by way of blood brain barrier, the treatment should be corresponded with the stage and depth of pathogen place. And if the olfactory loss is asymptomatic or in the initial stage, it can be applied intranasal topical scent therapy to relieve temporary locking of qi movement, but maybe also used in parallel together with herbs of relieving dampness toxin latent in the lung parenchyma.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10-29
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• 2024

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine whether An's breathing meditation qigong therapy (ABMQT) delivers bioenergy to the frontal lobe, prefrontal lobe, the olfactory tract in the mesolimbic pathway, olfactory bulb, CV22, CV21, olfactory area and vocal-related areas in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to help improve olfactory disorders (anosmia) and vocal functions. Methods : The subjects of this study were 4 patients with idiopathic PD (3 males/1 female, 65.0±NA/68.7±10.2 years old). ABMQT was applied once a week, 120 minutes per session for 12 weeks in a non-invasive and noncontact manner, and the test before and after ABMQT application included olfactory impairment test the Korean version of Sniffin' stick test (KVSS), voice acoustic test, aerodynamic test, vocal handicap index (VHI-30), and auditory perception scale test tools. The results before and after the experiment were analyzed assuming a normal distribution, and a chi-square test was performed using a continuity correction, and the significance level was set to p<0.05. And the medical diagnosis and findings of the examiner (doctor in charge) before and after the experiment were described. Results : KVSS was significant as 0.2±0.5 and 9.0±0.0 before and after the experiment. There was no significant difference between the voice acoustic test FO and Jitter, the vocal aerodynamic test MPT, SP, AE, the vocal disorder index test, and the auditory perception test. However, the medical diagnosis findings of four study subjects showed that olfactory disorders, voice disorders, and laryngeal function were improved before and after the application of ABMQT. Conclusions : The breathing meditation qigong program showed significant effects on improving the olfactory disorders (anosmia) and speech function of each study subject. However, to produce meaningful results, it is thought that experiments involving a larger number of research participants are necessary, and additional blood and FMRI tests are conducted to verify metabolic activities and the olfactory neuron signal transmission system.