• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.257-268
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• 1998

The purpose of this study were to identify the characteristics of urinary incontinence in adult women and to identify it's relating factors, daily living and sexual problem related urinary incontinence. Subjects were 60 community dwelling women in the age of 25-60 years old at 1 cities in Korea. The data were collected from January 1988 to May. 1998. Subject were interviewed with structured questionnaire. Questionaire was composed of item of general characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, measuring tool of severity of urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence. The data were analyzed with SAS program, descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA test. The results of study were as followings. 1) Most of incontinence women were mildly incontinent subjects(mean=7.40). 2) The common activity related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing aloudly exercising. 63.5% of women reported small volume accidents of only 1 to 2 drops. 3) The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in woman who had more pariety and older age of last delivery, menopause, itching sense of vagina. 4) 73.3% of the episodic urinary incontinence were not treated because the felt that urinary incontinence was not disease(70.4%) was shamful(18.1%), was incurable inspite of treatement attempt(4.5%). 5) Daily living problem related to urinary incontinence were as follows : Voiding before going out(66.6%), odor of urine(10.0), frequent underwear change.(88.3%). 6) Sexual intercourse problem related to urinary incontinence were as follows : Pain during sexual intercourse(30.0%), sexual life trouble,(8.3%), urine leakage.(11.7%) The results indicate that urinary incontinence is common in adult women. Health care provider should develop and provide adequate nursing intervention for prevention and early treatment of urinary incontinence.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2019

본 연구는 65세 이상 노인들을 대상으로 스마트폰 교육이 그들의 삶에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 일대일 교육 방식을 적용한 스마트폰 교육의 긍정적인 요소를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 수행 기간은 2018년 5월 14일~6월 11일 까지로 총 5주간 일주일에 1번, 1시간 30분 동안 진행하였고, 노인 1명과 봉사자 1명으로 구성하여 일대일 멘토링 형식으로 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과 노인들을 대상으로 한 스마트폰 교육을 통해 노인들의 자기 효능감이 증가됨을 확인할 수 있었으나, 행복감과 삶의 질에는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 이를 통해 빠르게 변화하는 현대사회에서 노인들을 긍정적인 삶의 유지를 위해 정보화 교육의 필요성을 인식시키고 노인들의 보다 나은 삶을 위해 다양한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: Many people recognize the fact that women are basically poor at financial and retirement planning. A small number of scholars have explored the factors and situations that influence the level of awareness of pre-retirement women and men with regards to planning for their retirement years. In most developing countries, including Malaysia, there are more men in the younger segment of the population and more women in the older segment, since women tend to live longer than men due to having jobs of relatively lower risk, their behaviors, and activities. Research design, data and methodology: Given that it is hard to predict whether they will be healthy in old age, women may require additional resources to obtain the care and assistance that they need. The transition from career life into retirement is a long process for people to go through. Some may be able to prepare for the next stage of life, and some may not be able to prepare due to personal reasons. Planning for future retirement is important because it will affect the quality of a woman's life after a certain age. Results: Without proper planning, women may face financial instability, depression, and poor psychological well-being. However, many women are unaware of their financial status or do not know their family's financial status, such as tracking the main income, budget, and expenses, financial commitments and have no proper record of assets owned, loans owed, or updated loan balances. Conclusions: The findings of this research have led to the conclusion that pre-retiree women are likely to regard their retirement savings as sufficient without realizing that they should have at least several types of savings instead of just one, and the grave consequences of not having any savings at all for their retirement years.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.430-458
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• 1990

Care is a central concept of nursing. Nursing would not exist without caring. Care and quality of life are closely related. Human behavior is a manifestation of culture. We can say that caring and nursing care are expression of culture. The nurse must understand the relationship of culture with care for ensure quality nursing care. But knowledge of cultural factors in nursing is not well developed. Time and in - depth study are needed to find meaningful relationships between culture and care. Nurses recognized the importance of culturally appropriate nursing There are two care systems in culturally based nursing. The folk care system and the professional nursing care system. The folk care system existed long before the professional nursing care system was introduced into this culture. If the discrepancy between these two care systems is great, the client may receive inappropriate nursing care. Culture and subcaltures are diverse and dynamic in nature. Nurses need to know the caring behaviors, patterns, and their meaning in their own culture. In Korea we have taken some first step to study cultural nursing phenomena. It is not our intent necessarily to return to the past and develop a nationalistic of nursing, but to identify the core of traditional caring and relate that to professional nursing care. Our Assumptions are as follows : 1) Care is essential for human growth, well being and survial. 2) 7here are diverse and universal forma, expressions, patterns, and processes of human care that exist transcul - turally. 3) The behaviors and functions of caring differ according to the social structure of each culture. 4) Cultures have folk and professional care values, beliefs, and practices. To promote the quality of nursing care we must understand the folk care value, beliefs, and practices. We undertook this study to understand caring in our traditional culture. The Goals of this study were as follows : 1) To identify patterns in caring behavior, 2) To identify the structural components of caring, and 3) To understand the meaning and some principles of caring. We faised several questions in this study. Who is the care-giver? Who is the care-receipient? Was the woman the major care -giver at any time? What are the patterns in caring behavior? What art the priciples underlying the caring process? We used an interdisciplinary team approach, composed of representatives from nursing and anthropology, to contribute in -depth understanding of caring through a socicaltural perspeetive. A Field study was conducted in Ro-Bong, a small agricultural kinship village. The subjects were nine women and one man aged be or more years of age. Data were collected from january 15 to 21, 1990 through opem-ended in-depth interviews and observations. The interview focused on caring behaviors sorrounding birth, aging, death and child rearing. We analysed these data for meaning, pattern and priciples of caring. In this report we describe caring behaviors surrounding childbirth. The care-givers were primarily mothers- in -low, other women in the family older than the mother - to- be, older neighbor woman, husbands, and mothers of the mother-to- be. The care receivers were the mother-to-be the baby, and the immediate family as a component of kinship. Emerging caring behavior included praying, helping proscribing, giving moral advice(Deug - Dam), showing concern, instructing, protecting, making preparations, showing consideration, touching, trusting, encouraging, giving emotional comfort, being with, worrying about, being patient, preventing problems, showing by an example, looking after bringing up, taking care of postnatal health, streng thening the health condition, entering into another's feelings(empathizing), and sharing food, joy and sorrow The emerging caring component were affection, touching, nurtuing, teaching, praying, comforting, encouraging, sharing. empathizing, self - discipline, protecting, preparing, helping and compassion. Emerging principles of. caring were solidarity, heir- archzeal relationships, sex - role distinction. Caring during birth expresses the valve of life and reflects the valued traditional beliefs that human birth is given by god and a unique unifying family event reaching back to include the ancestors and foreward to later generations. In addition, We found positive and rational foundations for traditionl caring behaviors surrounding birth, these should not be stigmatized as inational or superstitious. The nurse appropriately adopts the rational and positive nature of traditional caring behaviors to promote the quality of nursing care.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

무정자증을 보이는 40세 남성과 3대에 걸쳐 정상 생식력과 표현형을 보이는 38세 산모의 가계에서 동원체를 포함한 X 염색체의 역위를 경험한 바, 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 첫 번째 증례의 남성 환자는 정상범위의 LH, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone 혈중농도를 보였으나 FSH는 20 mIU/mL을 보여 정상수치보다 높았다. 조직학적 소견으로는 정소 내 제 1, 제 2 정모세포의 발달이 정지되어 있었지만 Y 염색체의 sY84, sY129, sY134, sY254, sY255, SRY 부위에 대한 미세결실은 없었다. 그 외 특이할 만한 임상적 소견은 보이지 않았다. 환자의 말초혈액으로부터 세포유전학적 검사로 GTL-분염법 판독을 한 결과, 46,Y,inv(X)(p22.1q27)로 나타났다. 두 번째 증례의 산모와 그 태아는 각각 46,X,inv(X)(p22.11q27.2), 46,X,inv(X)(p22.1q27)의 핵형이 관찰되었다. 이 산모의 가계는 본 연구실에서 친언니의 산전진단 시 언니, 언니의 태아, 환자의 아버지가 각각 46,X,inv(X)(p22.11q27.2), 46,Y,?inv(X), 46,Y,inv(X)(p22.11q27.2)의 형태로 inv(X)가 관찰된 기록이 있었고 대상자 모두 inv(X)로 인한 특징적인 임상적 증상은 보이지 않았다. 또한 RBG-분염법을 통해 관찰한 X 염색체의 비활성화는 언니의 inv(X) 비활성화 비율이 4.1%, 환자는 69.5%로 혈액세포 내에서의 X 염색체의 비활성화 비율은 서로 다르게 관찰되었다. 따라서 이 가계의 inv(X)는 특정 유전자의 손상이 없는 균형적 역위이며, X염색체의 역위현상으로 인한 비정상 표현형이나 생식기능의 결함은 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 증례 1의 남성의 경우 세포유전학적으로 동일한 위치에 절단점을 가졌으나 생식세포의 발달과정의 결함이 관찰되었으며, 절단점 주변에 위치한 중요한 유전인자들의 손상 가능성이 제기되었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-111
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• 1998

For the newly approach of policy with the old aged era at hand, the result which examines the 1,200 students attending professional colleges and upward in three small-to-medium sized cities, for two months, from October 1, 1996 to November 30, in order to know the change of consciousness of the growing modern young intellectual age group is as follows. 1. The objects of survey consist of 72.1% of women, 40.4% of 20 to 21 age, 49.1% of atheists, and people from big cities and fishing and agrarian village occupy equally 40.2%. Concerning the long-termed residents, 49% of them dwell in big cities. In case of the parents' age is more than 55, 31.5% in fathers, and 10.9% in mothers. 2. The types of housing in which they desire to reside in their getting older are : 72.8% of them hope to live in individual houses, 16.6% in apartments or villas, and 3.4% in social welfare facilities. Out of respondents, compared with other groups, man rather than woman, those who are 20 to 21 age group and from fishing and agrarian villages and have over 7 family members and live with their parents have a higher preference for independent houses. 3. The districts in which they hope to live when they are old are : 41.6% of them, with the highest percent, hope to live in farming villages, the older they are, the more they hope to live in agricultural district, and women of 21 years and upward hope to live in big cities. On the other hand, the preferable degree for social welfare facilities is higher each in people who are 24 years and upward, buddhists, self-boarding students, and the more poorly they are off, the higher the percent is. 4. The types of preferable welfare facilities for the elderly are : 58.2% of them think silver towns desirable, 28.4% think the charged (or free) elderly welfare facilities. Compared with other groups, the percentage which prefer silver towns is higher in women, people from big cities, residents of main family, long-termed city residents, people with higher income, people having grandparents alive, and people who had experience of taking lectures on hygienics or social welfare. 5. 50.3% of the respondents insist that provision of living expenses against old age should be insured by social security system, and 42.8% by the elderly themselves. The percentage of the former shows higher in people of 21 years and upward, women, residents of fishing and agrarian villages, christians, people in more needy circumstances and people who have experience of using a medical institution. 6. Compared with other nations, 54.5% of the respondents have an opinion that elderly welfare and welfare work in Korea stays in insufficient level and most of them are women, people from farming village, residents of head family, people having younger parents and people being worse health condition, and they have a more positive attitude about the elderly welfare work. 7. 92.3% of the respondents answered that a national budget for the elderly welfare is scarce, and the percentage is higher in people who are older, residents of big cities, people in lower living condition and people in worse health condition. 8. 35.2% of the respondents answered that the proper cost of their old age must be over 220mi11ion. The more a family's total income is, the higher the percentage is. 9. The factors which have an effect on the preference of silver towns are sex(p<0.01, the type of the present residence(p<0.05), and a family's total income(p<0.05). 10. From the survey result of the above, we comes to the conclusion that, for the sake of welfare of the increasing elderly population, government authorities and parties concerned must exert their utmost for the elderly welfare by increasing a budget of it and establishing a number of facilities of the elderly welfare and silver towns located in fresh and comfortable villages. In addition, they have to set up a course of hygienics in all the colleges and instruct the contexts on hygienic welfare as well.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2016

취업자들이 재직기간이 경과하면서 이직 또는 실업 상태로 탈출확률 및 탈출요인 문제를 분석하는 것은 취업의 질을 측정할 수 있는 하나의 방법이다. 일반적으로 취업자들의 이직 또는 실업으로의 탈출확률은 취업자의 개인특성뿐만 아니라, 직종 특성에도 영향을 받는 복수의 분석단위를 가지게 된다. 복수의 분석단위를 가지는 위계적 (hierarchical) 자료구조에서는 직종별로 공유되는 특성이 존재하게 되어, 동일 직종 집단 내의 상관이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 취업자 개인특성 (1-수준)과 직종 특성 (2-수준)의 위계적 자료구조 하에서 콕스의 비례위험 모형 (Cox's proportional hazard model)을 이용하여 중소기업 청년인턴사업에 참여한 취업자들의 재직기간 중 실직 및 이직으로의 탈출요인을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 처리집단 (인턴집단)이 통제집단 (비인턴집단)에 비해서 탈출확률이 통계적으로 유의하게 낮음을 알 수 있다. 또한 남자들이 여자들에 비해서 탈출할 확률이 높고, 연령이 높을수록 탈출할 확률이 더 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 기업규모가 클수록 탈출확률이 낮으며, 직종별로는 관리사무 관련직에 비해서 전문 서비스 관련직의 탈출확률이 더 낮게 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2002

Clinical studies were done treated with aroma therapy in 22cases of patients for suffering allergic rhinitis. who were treated at Dept of Oriental respiratory internal medicine in the Hospital of Taejeon University from January 2001 to May 2001. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of sex & age. 45.5% of them were man, and 54.5% of them were woman. Of those who were attached, 2. In distribution of occupation, 59% of them were student, 18% of them were housewife, 18% of them were white color, 9% Of them were blue color. 3. In distribution of the period of the clinical history, under six months was 32%, under 1 year was 9%, under 3 years was 27%, over 3 years was 32%. 4. In distribution of the seasonal contributing factor, most of them were perenial allergic rhinitis, others generally started in spring or winter. 5. In distribution of past history, 59% of them are none, 18% of them are asthma, 18% of them are atopic dermatitis, 5% of them are allergic dermatitis. 6. In distribution of family history, 46% of them are none, 27% of them are sibling line, 18% of them are paternal line, 9% of them are maternal line. 7. In distribution of symptom, the ratio of sneezing was 90%, nasal discharge was 81 %, nasal obstruction was 46%, pruritus was 41 %, headache was 31%, asthma was 22%, digestion disorder was 18%, tears was 9%, nosebreeding was 5%. 8. In distribution of diagnosis in descending order, wind-cold evil was 5%, spleen-lung energy asthnia was 31 %, lung-kidney asthnia was 64%. 9. In distribution of Herb medicine treatment, Tonggyu-tang was the most, the second was hyunggaiyunyo-tang. 10 In emotional change of patients aroma-therapy, only 14% of them felt good. 11. The total remedial value of the 22 patients was revealed 32.9%. 12. In proportion to grow older, the remedial value were decreased. 13. In proportion to the period of the clinical history was longer, the remedial value were decreased.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of the urinary incontinence and it's relating factors in women. The target population is 327 community dwelling women in the age of 30-70 years old at 6 cities in Korea. The data were collected from August, 1996 to December. 1996 with interview using structured questionaire composing of items of general characteristics, obstetric characteristics, disease characteristics, situation of experiencing urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence, and depression. The data were analysed with $SPSS/PC^+$ program, T-test, $x^2$ test, and ANOVA test. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women is 37.7%(130/327). 2) The mean duration of experiencing the urinary incontinence was 75.9 months and the 60% of the respondents experienced a few frequency of urinary incontinence and the most common amount of urinary incontinence(91.5%) was somewhat small expressed as 'wetting their clothes'. 3) The common factors related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing aloudly, and the activities of need for hurry. 4) The most common situations of discomforts associated with urinary incontinence were having long journey, exercise, playing, and social meeting. 5) The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in woman who had more children, older age of last delivery, more vaginal delivaries, and less c-section. 6) The incidence of urinary incontinence was not affected with the disease characteristics of the respondents, however it was higher when the women had the physical problems of constipation, abdominal laparatomy and episode of urinary catheterization than who had not. 7) The most common symptom of urinary incontinence was the frequent urine(43.1%), and the next was the urgent urine(12.3), delayed urine(9.2%). 8) 90.7% of the epsodic urinary incontinence were not treated at al, however, they wanted to try the herb medicine(41.5%), Kegel exercise(27.7%), and biofeedback(10.0%). 9) The level of Depression in the group of urinary incontinence was higher than that of non incontinence group significantly. In conclusion, as urinary incontinence in women proved severe health problem, health care providers need to develop and provide nursing intervention of urinary incontinence such as pelvic muscle exercise with bio-feedback and psychological care.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.181-205
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate some Influencing factors related to the wealth perception and property increase of 519 women in Seoul. The research was conducted from the end of February 15 to the beginning of January 20, 2009. The figures obtained were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, x-test, t-test, F-test, chi-square, and Duncan's F-test with SPSS pc+ The major findings of who study are summarized as follows: l.There were significant differences between the wealth recognition (economic plan affirmative and negative perception of wealth) for women according to social and psychological variables; economic plans have a higher value for married women, older women, those who have followed a postgraduate university course, those with higher income and expenditure, higher life satisfaction, and high and middle satisfaction with their economic life. In particular, economic plans varied significantly according to expectation of wealth in old age, and future economic prospects in the middle group. 2. Increased wealth and economic according to social and psychological variables (marital status, age, education, income, expenditure, life satisfaction, satisfaction with economic life, expectation of wealth in old age, future economic prospects) were shown to be associated with the following methods of increasing property: use of savings banks (p<.001) showed a rate of deposit of 20%-40% (p<.001) saving and thrift was a practice (p<001) that was related to the cost of living; and education expenditure (p<.001) as a property preparation period was exhibited in women aged 25-30 (p<.001). 3. There were significant differences in the recognition of wealth according to strategies for increasing wealth. There were no significant differences between mean of property acquisition and point of expenditure or the property preparation period in the perception of wealth. The related variables in rate of deposits were under 20% according to economic plan and negative wealth perception. In contrast, in the middle and high group, the economic plan and negative wealth perception were 20%-40% in relation to the rate of deposits. Variables related to the action of saving and thrift and property acquisition were practiced in the low and middle group of affirmative wealth recognition and the high group of negative wealth perception. The high group for wealthrecognition and the low group for wealthnegation exhibited little savings, thrift, and property accumulation. Those variables which point an expenditure the cost of living were education expenditure in all groups of negative wealth perception. The women in the study practiced more soundness economic planning according to their increased wealth and economic strategy. This study suggests that women should have positive wealth perception in their lives.