• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.188-197
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze daily kimchi, vegetable and fruit consumption by general characteristics and vegetable and fruit consumption from 1998 to 2012 by the Korean population based on the data of the KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study is based on the 1998-2012 KNHNES. Analysis data on 54,700 subjects aged 19 years and older were obtained from health behavior interviews and the 24-hour dietary recall method. RESULTS: Daily kimchi consumption and portion size of kimchi decreased significantly from 1998 to 2012 (adjusted P for trend < 0.0001). Meanwhile, daily consumption of both non-salted vegetable and fruit with and without kimchi did not significantly change between 1998 and 2012. Reduced consumption of kimchi, non-salted vegetable, and fruit was observed for both genders as well as daily meal episodes and cooking locations. Male and female subjects with insufficient non-salted vegetable and fruit intake were increased 1.4 times and 1.3 times, respectively, in 2012 than 1998. All subjects consumed at least 400 g/day of non-salted vegetable, fruit, and kimchi in each survey year, although they consumed insufficient amounts (< 400 g/day) of non-salted vegetable and fruit without kimchi. CONCLUSIONS: Since Koreans generally consume high amounts of fermented vegetables, including kimchi, total vegetables and fruit. Consumption of these foods by the Korean adult population reached 400 g, which is the recommended intake of the WCRF/AICR. Based on this result, it is necessary to promote consumption of kimchi in the Korean population and research the development of low sodium kimchi in the future.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

There has been little data on the prevalence of supplement use and the characteristics of the dietary supplement users in the Republic of Korea. This study presents the prevalence and the details of any dietary supplement use and the characteristics of the adults who use dietary supplements in the Republic of Korea. Between May 18 and June 16, 2006, nationwide and population-weighted personal interviews with 6,201 adult aged from 30 to 69 years were conducted and the final sample consisted of 3,000 people with a 49.8% response rate. We examined the prevalence and details of the use of dietary supplements and the characteristics of those who use the dietary supplement among adults. About sixty two percent of adults had taken any dietary supplement during the previous 12-month period in 2006. The most commonly reported dietary supplement was ginseng, followed by multivitamins, glucosamine, probiotics, and vitamin C. Female (versus male), an older age group, a higher family income, those living in metropolitan cities, those with marital experience, those with a higher level of education, and those having medical problems had a greater likelihood of reporting the use of any dietary supplements. The particular relationships differed depending on the type of supplement. The most Korean adults took one more dietary supplement and the dietary supplement users had different demographic and health characteristics compared to those of the nonusers. Research on diet supplements by the medical community is needed in the future.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to examine the association between dietary factors and underweight and overweight adult Vietnamese living in the rural areas of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study of 497 Vietnamese aged 19 to 60 years (204 males, 293 females) was conducted in rural areas of Haiphong, Vietnam. The subjects were classified as underweight, normal weight, and overweight based on BMI. General characteristics, anthropometric parameters, blood profiles, and eating habits were obtained and dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls for 2 consecutive days. A high prevalence of both underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/$m^2$) and overweight (BMI ${\geq}$ 23 kg/$m^2$) individuals was observed (14.2% and 21.6% for males and 18.9% and 20.6% for females, respectively). For both genders, the overweight group were older than the under- and normal weight groups (P = 0.0118 for males and P = 0.0002 for females). In female subjects, the overweight group consumed significantly less cereals (P=0.0033), energy (P = 0.0046), protein (P = 0.0222), and carbohydrate (P = 0.0017) and more fruits (P = 0.0026) than the underweight group; however, no such differences existed in males. The overweight subjects overate more frequently (P = 0.0295) and consumed fish (P=0.0096) and fruits (P=0.0083) more often. The prevalence of both underweight and overweight individuals pose serious public health problems in the rural areas of Vietnamese and the overweight group was related to overeating and high fish and fruit consumption. These findings may provide basic data for policymakers and dieticians in order to develop future nutrition and health programs for rural populations in Vietnam.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

Background and purpose : The shoulder joints permit the greatest mobility of any joint area carries out the important function of stabilization for hand use. Research has now shown that grip strength has proven to be a reliable indicator for quality of life at an older age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of testing posture and shoulder position on grip strength for repetitive gripping task. Methods : Forty(20male, 20female) college adult volunteers with no known shoulder dysfunction participated subject in two testing posture(sitting and standing) and three positions with shoulder flexion: (1) shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion (2) shoulder $90^{\circ}$ flexion (3) shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. The paired t-test was used to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the testing posture and shoulder position. Results : The higher grip strength gained in the sitting with the shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion and the higher grip strength gained in the standing with the shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. The second experiment showed that the grip strength was significant for sitting, standing position of shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion( p<0.05). Grip strength goes up as increase height and weight. Conclusion : These findings demonstrate that the theory does not fit with, because of the influence of gravity, a measure from the shoulder joint is the most high, $0^{\circ}$. And sitting posture and stance in the grip of a difference when compared SIT $0^{\circ}$ and standing position $0^{\circ}$ significant difference in indicated but, $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ in the sitting position and stance in the grip of the difference was not significant difference. To demonstrate the universality of this study's results, future studies should have a larger and more subject as well as a more even distribution of male and female subject. Therefore future research is needed to refine the definition and identify optimal methods of measuring this grip strength.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권sup1호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To determine the weight change trend among the adult Turkish population after 1 yr of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and factors associated with weight change. MATERIALS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 February and 6 March 2021 using an online questionnaire that included questions for sociodemographic variables, eating habits, stress level, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Those who weighed themselves 1-2 weeks before the pandemic was declared in Turkey and remembered their weight were invited to participate in the study. Trends in weight and body mass index (BMI) change were calculated. The variables associated with a 1% change in BMI were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The study was conducted with 1,630 adults (70.25% female) with a mean age of 32.09 (11.62) yrs. The trend of weight change was found to increase by an average of 1.15 ± 6.10 kg (female +0.72 ± 5.51, male +2.16 ± 7.22 kg) for the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of participants with a normal BMI (18.50-24.99 kg/m²) decreased to 51.91% from 55.75%. Consuming an "Increased amount of food compared to before the pandemic" was found to be the independent variable that had the strongest association with a 1% increase in BMI (β = 0.23 P < 0.001). The average change in the BMI was higher in older individuals than in those who were younger. A high stress level was associated with a decrease in BMI (β = -0.04 P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the factors associated with weight change after 1 yr of the pandemic in the Turkish population was reported for the first time. A high stress level and increased weight gain trend still occur in Turkey after 1 yr of the pandemic.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제28권
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• pp.115-139
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• 2012

Interval or duration of segments, syllables, words and phrases is an important acoustic feature which influences the naturalness of speech. A number of cross-sectional studies regarding acoustic characteristics of children's speech development found that intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases tend to change with the growing age. One hypothesis assumed that decreases in intervals would be greater when children were younger and smaller decreases in intervals when older (Thelen,1991), it has been supported by quite a number of researches on the basis of cross-sectional studies (Tingley & Allen,1975; Kent & Forner,1980; Chermak & Schneiderman, 1986), but the other hypothesis predicted that decreases in intervals would be smaller when children were younger and greater decreases in intervals when older (Smith, Kenney & Hussain, 1996). Researchers seem to come up with conflicting postulations and inconsistent results about the change trends concerning intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases, leaving it as an issue unresolved. Most acoustic investigations of children's speech production have been conducted via cross-sectional designs, which involves studying several groups of children. So far, there are only a few longitudinal studies. This issue needs more longitudinal investigations; moreover, the acoustic measures of the intervals of child speech are hardly available. All former studies focus on word stages excluding the babbling stages especially the canonical babbling stage, but we need to find out when concrete changes of intervals begin to occur and what causes the changes. Therefore, we conducted an acoustic study of interval characteristics of segments and words concerning Canonical Babble ( CB) and early speech in an infant aged from 0;9 to 2;4 acquiring Mandarin Chinese. The current research addresses the following two questions: 1. Whether decreases in interval would be greater when children were younger and smaller when they were older or vice versa? 2. Whether the child speech concerning the acoustic features of interval drifts in the direction of the language they are exposed to? The female infant whose L1 was Southern Mandarin living in Changsha was audio- and video-taped at her home for about one hour almost on a weekly basis during her age range from 0;9 to 2;4 under natural observation by us investigators. The recordings were digitized. Parts of the digitized material were labeled. All the repetitions were excluded. The utterances were extracted from 44 sessions ranging from 30 minutes to one hour. The utterances were divided into segments as well as syllable-sized units. Age stages are 0;9-1;0,1;1-1;5, 1;6-2;0, 2;1-2;4. The subject was a monolingual normal child from parents with a good education. The infant was audio-and video-taped in her home almost every week. The data were digitized, segments and syllables from 44 sessions spanning the transition from babble to speech were transcribed in narrow IPA and coded for analysis. Babble was coded from age 0;9-1;0, and words were coded from 1;0 to 2;4, the data has been checked by two professionally trained persons who majored in phonetics. The present investigation is a longitudinal analysis of some temporal characteristics of the child speech during the age periods of 0;9-1;0, 1;1-1;5, 1;6-2;0, 2;1-2;4. The answer to Research Question 1 is that our results are in agreement with neither of the hypotheses. One hypothesis assumed that decreases in intervals would be greater when children were younger and smaller decreases in intervals when older (Thelen,1991); but the other hypothesis predicted that decreases in intervals would be smaller when children were younger and greater decreases in intervals when older (Smith, Kenney & Hussain, 1996). On the whole, there is a tendency of decrease in segmental and syllabic duration with the growing age, but the changes are not drastic and abrupt. For example, /a/ after /k/ in Table 1 has greater decrease during 1;1-1;5, while /a/ after /p/, /t/ and /w/ has greater decrease during 2;1-2;4. /ka/ has greater decrease during 1;1-1;5, while /ta/ and /na/ has greater decrease during 2;1-2;4.Across the age periods, interval change experiences lots of fluctuation all the time. The answer to Research Question 2 is yes. Babbling stage is a period in which the children's acoustic features of intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases is shifted in the direction of the language to be learned, babbling and children's speech emergence is greatly influenced by ambient language. The phonetic changes in terms of duration would go on until as late as 10-12 years of age before reaching adult-like levels. Definitely, with the increase of exposure to ambient language, the variation would be less and less until they attain the adult-like competence. Via the analysis of the SPSS 15.0, the decrease of segmental and syllabic intervals across the four age periods proves to be of no significant difference (p>0.05). It means that the change of segmental and syllabic intervals is continuous. It reveals that the process of child speech development is gradual and cumulative.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1577-1589
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• 2009

본 연구는 재가노인을 대상으로 낙상공포 여부에 따른 건강상태, 신체기능상태 및 가정환경의 위험을 비교하고, 낙상공포에 영향 미치는 요인을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 대상자는 A시 D구 노인보건센터에 방문보건사업 대상자로 등록된 65세 이상 노인으로 선정하였다. 2006년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 사전에 교육받은 방문간호사가 직접 가정방문하여, 가노인기능상태평가도구(Resident Assessment Instrument, RAI)를 이용해 자료를 수집하였다. 연구에 참여한 973명의 평균 연령은 76.8(±7.6)세였고, 여성이 74.8%였으며, 낙상공포를 가진 대상자는 20.7%였다. 낙상공포 여부에 따른 건강상태 비교에서 요실금, 통증, 이환질병 수, 지난 3일간 우울/불안/슬픔의 징후에 있어서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 신체기능 상태는 낙상공포가 있는 집단에서 일상 생활수행능력 의존도가 유의하게 높았고, 시력 문제가 많았으며, 불안정한 걸음걸이를 보이는 대상자가 현저히 많았다. 가정환경위험은 화장실, 방 출입 및 집 밖 출입 시 낙상공포가 없는 집단에 비해 유의하게 더 어려움이 많았다. 연령이 많을수록, 일상생활 의존도가 높을수록, 이환질병 수가 증가할수록, 걸음걸이가 불안정하거나 낙상경험이 있는 경우에 낙상공포가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 통증, 우울/불안/슬픔의 징후, 복용하는 약은 낙상공포와 유의하지 않았다. 이 연구는 지역사회의 노인을 사정할 때 낙상공포에 관련된 주요 요인인 연령, 일상생활수행능력, 현재 앓고 있는 질환 및 걸음걸이 사정이 매우 중요하다는 것을 재확인시켜 준다. 또한, 재가노인의 낙상예방 전략 수립을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 불안정한 걸음걸이의 원인을 파악하고 이에 대한 중재방법을 모색하는 지속적인 연구의 필요성을 제시한다. 이 연구를 토대로 건강 상태와 신체기능을 향상시키려는 포괄적인 간호중재를 통해 낙상공포를 감소시키고 낙상 발생률을 낮추면, 궁극적으로 노인의 삶의 질이 향상될 것이다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2016

성인기에 나타난 운동으로 인한 스트레스와 과량의 단백질 투여에 의한 의식 변화, 기억 장애, 행동 장애등의 고암모니아혈증성 뇌병증 소견을 토대로 저자들은 성인형 제 2형 시트룰린혈증을 의심하였다. 검사 결과에서 고암모니아혈증, 혈중 시트룰린 상승, 요중 오로트산 경도 상승을 보였으며, 이를 통해 성인형 제 2형 시트룰린혈증을 진단하였다. SLC25A13 유전자 분석 결과를 통해 환자에게서 복합 이형 접합성 돌연변이(IVS11+1G>A, c.674C>A)를 확인하였다. 환자의 가족에서도 유전자 분석 검사를 진행하였고, 아버지, 어머니, 남동생에게서 성인형 제 2형 시트룰린혈증 보인자를, 언니에게서 성인형 제 2형 시트룰린혈증 환자임을 확인하였다. 그 동안 보고된 성인형 제 2형 시트룰린혈증의 임상 경과를 고려했을 때, 증상이 없던 언니에게서 질환을 발견하고 보존적 치료를 선제적으로 시작함으로써, 신경학적 장애 없이 일상 생활을 영위하고, 추가적인 뇌 손상을 방지하기 위한 간 이식 등 장기적인 치료 계획을 수립했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 환자의 증례를 통해 고암모니아혈증성 뇌병증이 발생한 성인에서, 간질환 및 뇌질환의 증거가 없으며 다른 뚜렷한 원인이 없는 경우에는, 성인형 제 2형 시트룰린혈증을 고려해야 한다는 점을 인지하였다. 빈도가 드문 질환이지만 간성 혼수로 흔히 오인되고 있으며, 조기 진단 및 적절한 치료가 이루어지지 않으면 비가역적인 신경학적 후유증이 발생할 수 있다. 또한 다른 요소 회로 대사 질환 및 간성 혼수와는 달리, 고탄수화물 식이가 질병의 경과를 인위적으로 악화시킬 수 있기에 적절한 대사 이상 검사 및 유전자 검사가 시행되어야 하겠다. 본 증례는 반복적인 고암모니아혈증성 뇌병증 소견을 보인 37세 여성과 뇌병증 소견이 없었던 언니에게서 성인형 제 2형 시트룰린혈증을 진단하고, 즉각적인 치료를 통해 심각한 신경학적 장애 없이 일상 생활을 지속하고 있는 환자들을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1997

We have investigated the prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection among 100 mixed-breed dogs raised in Chonnam Province (Koheung, Posung, Changheung, and Hwasoon) and 100 dogs randomly selected from visiting dogs to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University for routine physical examination. Blood samples taken from dogs were examined for the presence of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria by the modified Knott's test, and an antigen test which was based on the sandwich ELISA(DiroCHEK(equation omitted), Synbiotics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA) was used to detect the adult heartworm-specific antigen from serum samples. The results were then compared with those of the modified Knott's test. Five(2.5%) of the 200 examined dogs were microfilaria-positive, while 8 dogs(4%) were anti-gen-positive, which suggested that the antigen test was more sensitive than the microfilarial test in detecting heartworm infection. All dogs that were microfilaria-positive were also antigen-positive. The place of origin of the heartworm-positive dogs were of Naju (4/26, 15.4%), Koheung(3/32, 9.4%), and Hwasoon (1/19, 5.3%), while none of dogs raised in Kwangju, Posung, and Changheung areas were infected with the parasite. Although not significant, more infected dogs were observed in older ages, while the difference in infection rate between male (4/98, 4.1%) and female (4/102, 3.9%) was not recognized. Our results indicated that a relatively low infection rate was observed in dogs raised in Kwangju and Chonnam area compared to the infection rate reported previously in other areas of South Korea.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1246-1254
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• 2012

우리나라 성인의 현재 흡연율은 감소 추세이지만, 여전히 OECD국가 중에서 가장 높다. 이 연구에서는 2008년 국민건강영양조사에서 이비인후 검진을 완료한 19세 이상 지역사회 성인 3,600명을 대상으로 흡연량이 증가할수록 본인 인지 음성장애의 위험이 비례적으로 증가하는지에 관한 경향성을 분석하였다. 통제변수는 연령, 성, 교육수준, 소득 사분위수, 최장직업, 음주, 최근 2주 동안 만성 및 급성 질환 등으로 인한 통증 및 불편감 여부를 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 고도 흡연(>40.5~55.5 pack year)과 일일 평균 1갑 이상의 흡연은 본인 인지 음성장애의 독립적인 위험요인이었다. 일일 평균 흡연량이 증가할수록 본인 인지 음성장애의 위험이 유의하게 증가하였지만, 평생 흡연량(pack year)은 교차비의 증가가 유의하지 않았다. 본인 인지 음성장애의 조기 선별 및 예방을 위해서 주관적 음성 평가 외에도 추가적으로 현재 흡연량에 대한 조사가 필요하다.