• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to define criteria for landscape restoration of palace gardens. The case study on Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung was used not only to evaluate effectiveness of the criteria, but also to propose solutions to issues of current restoration process of both palace gardens. Following three pairs of different concepts were chosen as criteria to determine on the original form: Diachrony vs. Synchrony, Originality vs. Contemporary Characteristics, and Invariance vs. Deformability. Gyeongbokgung has been restored based on its contemporary characteristics of Year 1888 and the main focus is on its architectural features rather than both architecture and landscape. However, in-depth complementary work on landscape restoration is necessary to restore its originality in Year 1395 such as analyzing photos of Gyeongbokgung taken in modern era. In case of Changdeokgung, we analyzed separately by region or landmark such as Jondeok-Pavilion(尊德亭), Yeonkyung-Hall(演慶堂), and Okryu-Stream(玉流川). Original form of Jondeok-Pavilion Area was changed in 1884. Since diachronic invariance that lasted for 240 years is more important criterion than its contemporary characteristics, it should be restored as how it was painted in Donggwoldo(東闕圖). In Yeonkyung-Hall Area, both original characteristics at the time of Hyomyung Crown Prince and contemporary characteristics of Emperor Kojong Era appear. Therefore, different solution is required for such area to be restored appropriately. Starting from era of King Injo(1636), diachrony and invariance of Okryu-Stream Area were continued throughout the era of King Sukjong and King Jeongjo(1800). It is more than 250 years before Okryu-Stream Area was altered under the rule of Emperor Kojong in 1884. In fact, alterations made to Okryu-Stream Area after 1884 doesn't hold much significance. Therefore, water landscape of Okryu-Stream Area, which was altered in the era of Emperor Kojong, needs to be restored based on Donggwoldo.