• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.410-422
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• 1989

Soybean protein isolates were acylated with succinic anhydride and partially hydrolyzed with trypsin. Chemical modification decreased protein contents of samples and, in amino acid composition, tyrosine was increased comparatively. And lysine was increased remarkably by partial proteolysis. Succinylation and trypsin treatment increased the aqueous solubility and shifted the isoelectric potint that showed high pH-dependence of protein solubility. Protein solubility was influenced by salt concentration such as $NaCl,\;CaCl_2,\;NaNO_3$ and $NaH_2PO_4$. Chemical modification increased the absorption of oil and water, emulsification properties and foam capacity, but decreased foam stability, ultraviolet absorbance and bulk density. Protein-protein Interaction between soybean protein isolates and beef protein increased the emulsifying activity, emulsifying activity index and foaming properties, but it didn't have any influence on emulsion stability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.344-349
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• 1988

Proteolysis of 7S and 11S soy protein-rich fraction(PRF) with commercial proteases(alcalase and pronase) apperently increased protein solubility at pH 5, heat coagulation and calcium tolerence, while decreasing emulsifying capacity and foam stability regardless of the kind of protein and protease used. However, the proteolysis decreased the protein solubility of 7S PRF at pH 6 and 11S PRF at pH 4. The proteolysis of 11S PRF increased oil absorption and foam expansion, while slight decrease or almost no change was noted on 7S PRF. Heat stabilities of the emulsion and kinetic viscosities changed very little by the proteolysis.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 1991

In this paper, an efficient method for the analysis of damage and strength of double bottom structure in stranding is described by using idealized structural unit method. Also a procedure for the determination of the effective double bottom height which is required in order to protect the inner-bottom plate is proposed. In the comparison between the present solution and he existing experimental and numerical results in stranding, its observed that the present method gives reasonable results requiring very shorts computiong times. The present method is then applied to the double bottom structure of 40K product oil carrier which is designed by the double skin design concept as an example. By performing the series of analysis, the influence of vertical member space, plate thickness and double bottom height on the energy absorption capacity of the double bottom structure in stranding is investigated. Also the minimum double bottom height with varying each design variable Is calculated based on the above result.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2004

Effects of heat treatment on functional properties of soy protein were examined. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from Korean soybean varieties, Manli and Taekwang, subjected to heat treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. pH-solubility results of SPI showed typical U-shape profiles with minimum solubility at pH 4-5 of isoelectric points of soy proteins, longer heat treatments showing slightly higher solubility. Water absorption, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, and emulsion capacity of SPI increased, while oil absorption decreased, with heating time in Manli variety. Manli and Taekwang showed the highest emulsion capacities after 90-and 60-min heat treatments, respectively. Foam expansion of all SPIs increased with heating time up to 90 min. Texture profile analysis showed heat treatment up to 90 min significantly increased hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness, whereas significantly decreased cohesiveness of SPI gels (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 1975

A supplemental effect of Undaria Pinnatifida extract on the composite flour prepared from a blend of wheat, barley, sweet potato, potato, and defatted soybean flours was studied in terms of binding properties, cooking test, and sensory analysis. Dry noodle of the composite flour was made by the conventional method and air dried. Instant noodle was prepared in a hot vegetable oil bath after the noodle was made. The standard was made of wheat flour only. 1. The noodle prepared with composite flour (wheat flour : barley flour, 5 : 5) and Undaria Pinnatifida extract (1 or 2%) showed same results of cooking and sensory tests as well as properties of texture as the standard. 2. The mixture of wheat, barley and defatted soybean flour (10%) had a less efficient binding capacity with Undaria Pinnatifida extract. The binding effect was, however, significantly improved with the wheat and barley flour mixture with either sweet potato or potato flour. 3. The instant noodle prepared with the composite flour (either barley, or sweet potato, or potato was mixed with wheat flour up to 70% separately) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (1% as final) showed the higher oil absorption and the sensory results were the same as the standard. Nevertheless, the binding properties and cooking quality were less efficient.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heating times of soy protein isolate(SPI) and mixing ratio of coagulants mixture on water holding capacity(WHC) and oil absorption capacity (OAC) of SPI, texture properties and yield of tofu. The effect of heating at $100^{\circ}C$ on the amounts of coagulants required for coagulation showed that the amounts of $CaCl_{2},\;MgCl_{2}$ and GDL decreased as the heating time extended to $6{\sim}9$ minutes while $CaSO_{2}$ was changed little. The tofu yield showed maximum for the tofu prepared by 6 minutes boiling and coagulation with $CaSO_{4}$. The WHC of SPI was significantly reduced by heating at $100^{\circ}C$ while OAC was rather increased until 9 minutes of heating. The textural properties of SPI tofu coagulated with mixed coagulants$(CaSO_{4}-GDL,\;CaSO_{4}-CaCl_{2},\;CaCl_2-GDL)$ showed that softer tofu was obtained as the ratio of $CaSO_{2}$ increased and harder tofu as the ratio of $CaCl_{2}$ and GDL increased. The maximum and minimum tofu yields were prepared from 100% of $CaSO_{2}$ and 100% of GDL, respectively. Organoleptic properties showed that more uniform and tender tofu were obtained with higher portion of $CaSO_{2}$ in the mixed coagulants and higher intensity of sourness and bitterness were scored as the GDL and $CaCl_{2}$ added more.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

In this study, we tried to reproduce some of the cosmetics from the Joseon period based on the previous analysis of the cosmetics excavated from the tomb of Princess Hwahyup. The two cosmetic powders, the white powder consisting of lead(II) carbonate and talc and the cinnabar-based red powder, were reproduced according to the records from the 6th to the 19th centuries. We also studied the degradation profiles of these reproduced samples by comparison of XRD patterns. Basic lead carbonate of the reproduced white powder turned into lead(II) carbonate, while the reproduced red powder showed different crystalline structure from the excavated cosmetics even after the degradation. Results of the evaluation tests showed that these reproduced cosmetics fell short of the standards set for the modern-day cosmetics, but based on their mixing ratio, the spreadability and oil absorption capacity of some samples of the reproduced white powder were found to be similar to those of the modern cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.427-446
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• 2008

A review on the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering in 2006 has been accomplished. Focus has been put on current status of research in the aspect of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation and building environments. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The research trends of fluid engineering have been surveyed as groups of general fluid flow, fluid machinery and piping, etc. New research topics include micro heat exchanger and siphon cooling device using nano-fluid. Traditional CFD and flow visualization methods were still popular and widely used in research and development. Studies about diffusers and compressors were performed in fluid machinery. Characteristics of flow and heat transfer and piping optimization were studied in piping systems. (2) The papers on heat transfer have been categorized into heat transfer characteristics, heat exchangers, heat pipes, and two-phase heat transfer. The topics on heat transfer characteristics in general include thermal transport in a cryo-chamber, a LCD panel, a dryer, and heat generating electronics. Heat exchangers investigated include pin-tube type, plate type, ventilation air-to-air type, and heat transfer enhancing tubes. The research on a reversible loop heat pipe, the influence of NCG charging mass on heat transport capacity, and the chilling start-up characteristics in a heat pipe were reported. In two-phase heat transfer area, the studies on frost growth, ice slurry formation and liquid spray cooling were presented. The studies on the boiling of R-290 and the application of carbon nanotubes to enhance boiling were noticeable in this research area. (3) Many studies on refrigeration and air conditioning systems were presented on the practical issues of the performance and reliability enhancement. The air conditioning system with multi indoor units caught attention in several research works. The issues on the refrigerant charge and the control algorithm were treated. The systems with alternative refrigerants were also studied. Carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and their mixtures were considered and the heat transfer correlations were proposed. (4) Due to high oil prices, energy consumption have been attentioned in mechanical building systems. Research works have been reviewed in this field by grouping into the research on heat and cold sources, air conditioning and cleaning research, ventilation and fire research including tunnel ventilation, and piping system research. The papers involve the promotion of efficient or effective use of energy, which helps to save energy and results in reduced environmental pollution and operating cost. (5) Studies on indoor air quality took a great portion in the field of building environments. Various other subjects such as indoor thermal comfort were also investigated through computer simulation, case study, and field experiment. Studies on energy include not only optimization study and economic analysis of building equipments but also usability of renewable energy in geothermal and solar systems.