• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

Purpose: We investigated complications after laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection (SBD) for patients with gastric cancer who were enrolled in a quality control study, prior to the phase III trial of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery (SNNS). Materials and Methods: We analyzed prospective data from a Korean multicenter prerequisite quality control trial of laparoscopic SBD for gastric cancer and assessed procedure-related and surgical complications. All complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) system and were compared with the results of the previously published SNNS trial. Results: Among the 108 eligible patients who were enrolled in the quality control trial, 8 (7.4%) experienced complications during the early postoperative period. One patient with gastric resection-related duodenal stump leakage recovered after percutaneous drainage (grade IIIa in CDC). The other postoperative complications were mild and patients recovered with supportive care. No complications were directly related to the laparoscopic SBD procedure or tracer usage, and there were no mortalities. The laparoscopic SBD complication rates and patterns that were observed in this study were comparable to those of a previously reported trial. Conclusions: The results of our prospective, multicenter quality control trial demonstrate that laparoscopic SBD is a safe procedure during SNNS for gastric cancer.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2007

Numerous studies have reported that genes with similar expression patterns are co-regulated. From gene expression data, we have assumed that genes having similar expression pattern would share similar transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). These function as the binding regions for transcription factors (TFs) and thereby regulate gene expression. In this context, various analysis tools have been developed. However, they have shortcomings in the combined analysis of expression patterns and significant TFBSs and in the functional analysis of target genes of significantly overrepresented putative regulators. In this study, we present a web-based A Functional Clustering Analysis Tool for Predicted Transcription Regulatory Elements and Gene Ontology Terms (FCAnalyzer). This system integrates microarray clustering data with similar expression patterns, and TFBS data in each cluster. FCAnalyzer is designed to perform two independent clustering procedures. The first process clusters gene expression profiles using the K-means clustering method, and the second process clusters predicted TFBSs in the upstream region of previously clustered genes using the hierarchical biclustering method for simultaneous grouping of genes and samples. This system offers retrieved information for predicted TFBSs in each cluster using $Match^{TM}$ in the TRANSFAC database. We used gene ontology term analysis for functional annotation of genes in the same cluster. We also provide the user with a combinatorial TFBS analysis of TFBS pairs. The enrichment of TFBS analysis and GO term analysis is statistically by the calculation of P values based on Fisher’s exact test, hypergeometric distribution and Bonferroni correction. FCAnalyzer is a web-based, user-friendly functional clustering analysis system that facilitates the transcriptional regulatory analysis of co-expressed genes. This system presents the analyses of clustered genes, significant TFBSs, significantly enriched TFBS combinations, their target genes and TFBS-TF pairs.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.25-44
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• 2014

1909년 우리나라가 외교권을 잃은 상황에서 맺어진 일본과 중국의 간도 협약에 의해 간도가 불법으로 중국 영토에 편입되었음에도 불구하고 우리는 이렇다 할 조치도 취하지 못하고 있다. 그러나 역사적인 사실이나 간도에 산재해 있는 여러 가지 문화적인 측면에서 보면 간도가 우리 영토라는 것은 자명한 일이다. 하지만 중국은 동북공정을 비롯한 영토공정을 앞세워 간도가 우리 영토라는 사실을 왜곡하여 자신들의 영토로 만들기 위해 모든 수단을 동원하고 있다. 이미 의미가 없는 조약에 대해 왈가불가하는 것보다는 역사와 문화를 왜곡해서 자신들의 영토로 만들려는 속셈이다. 그런 중국의 속셈을 아는 이상 우리는 그에 대한 조치를 취해야 하고 그러기 위해서는 간도에 산재한 문화가 과연 누구의 문화인가 하는 근원을 밝히는 것이 중요하다. 문화주권 역시 영토에 관한 주권을 판단하는 요소 중 하나로서, 영토의 진짜 주인은 그 영토에 존재하는 문화를 향유한 민족이기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 간도에 있는 문화의 주인은, 고조선 이래 형성되어 현재까지 맥을 이어온 북방문화권의 주인인 우리 민족이라는 것을 밝힌다. 고대는 물론 근대의 봉금지역해제 이후 간도에 문화를 정착한 것이 바로 우리 민족이기 때문이다. 또한 간도 문화의 주인이 우리라는 것을 알기에 그 문화에 대해 왜곡을 일삼는 중국의 왜곡에 대응하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. 지나간 역사는 조작될 수 있지만 인간의 내면에 내재하면서 성숙하고, 밖으로 표출되어 형성된 문화는 왜곡할 수 없다. 아울러 중국이 자신들의 역사라고 하는 청나라 역사가 과연 중국의 역사인가를 재검토할 정책적 제안을 한다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2008

경북 봉화지역의 선캠브리아기 홍제사 화강암 내에는 견운모 광상이 분포한다. 이 지역의 대현광산과 성황광산에서 산출되는 견운모에 대하여 현미경 관찰, X-선회절분석, 전자현미분석, X-선형광분석, ICP분석 등을 통하여 지화학적 및 광물학적 특성을 조사하고 그 형성과정을 검토하였다. 이 지역 견운모광상은 열수변질작용에 의해 화강암을 모암으로 한 견운모화작용에 의해 형성되었다. 이곳에 나타나는 광물조합과 그 산출상태로부터 4가지치 변질대로 구분되었다. 이러한 변질대는 점이적인 열수변질작용에 의해 형성된 것으로 나타났다. 이곳에서 산출하는 견운모는 광물화학적으로 모두 일라이트에 해당되는 것으로 나타났으며, 다구조형도 모두 $2M_1$으로 매우 단순한 형태를 보였다. 거의 순수한 견운모 광석은 여러 색을 나타냈으나, 주화학성분이나, 결정구조에서의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 미량성분을 검토한 결과 진한 녹색을 띠는 것은 Cr이 상대적으로 다량 함유되고, 흑색의 것은 Ti이 상대적으로 많은 것으로 나타났다. 모암인 홍제사 화강암내에서 견운모 광상이 발달하는 것은 단층과 같은 단열구조와 관련되는 것으로 나타났다. 엽납석 및 고령석 등의 다른 변질광물은 나타나지 않으며, 열극대를 따라 변질된 단순한 형태의 열수광상인 것으로 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.641-654
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• 1994

This study was executed to evaluate adaptability of dentin bonding agents to dentinal wall with measuring contraction gap on interface between cavity wall and composite resin by SEM study. 6 kinds of dentin bonding agents were investigated for this study : Gluma, Super Bond C & B, All bond 2, Scotchbond multipurpose, Scotchbond 2 and Clearfil photo bond. 30 of fresh extracted teeth were randomly selected and divided into 6 groups with each 5. The round shaped cavities with 3mm dia. and 1.5mm depth were prepared on cementoenamel junction of buccal surface of teeth. Dentin bonding agents were applied to cavity wall and then the composite resin was filled in the cavity. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally on buccal surface. Sectioned aspects of specimens were impressioned with rubber base materials and finally precise replica were made of epoxy resin poured in negative impression. Contraction gaps were examined on interface between cavity wall and composite resin under condition of 200 and 2000 magnification of SEM. The results were as follows. 1. There were no gap on interface between enamel and composite resin in all specimens, but gaps were mainly exhibited on apical side of lateral wall of dentin of cavity. 2. In Gluma, 2 cases of 5 specimens exhibited excellent adaptation to the cavity wall, indicating no gaps on interface between cavity wall and composite resin. The other specimens showed gaps with range of $0{\sim}15{\mu}m$ width. 3. In Super Bond C & B, gaps with range of $0{\sim}10{\mu}m$ width were mainly exhibited on apical side of lateral wall of dentin of cavity. 4. In All bond 2, all specimens showed the most exellent adaptation to cavity wall when compared to the other materials, indicating no gap interface between cavity wall and composite resin. 5. In Scotchbond multipurpose, gaps with range of $0{\sim}10{\mu}m$ width were locally located on cavity wall. 6. In Scotchbond 2, all specimens showed great amount of gap with range of $5{\sim}25{\mu}m$, indicating the worst adaptation to cavity wall compared to the other materials. 7. In Clearfil photo bond, 2 case of 5 specimens exhibited exellent adaptation to cavity wall, indicating no gap. the other specimens showed gap with range of $0{\sim}15{\mu}m$ width on inferface between cavity wall and composite resin.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate newly fabricated tricalcium phosphate(TCP)/chitosan microgranuls as bone substitutes. TCP/chitosan microgranules were fabricated by dropping TCP-chitosan suspension into the NaOH/ethanol solution. The size of microgranules could be controllable via airflow rate. PDGF-BB was loaded into the fabricated granules via freeze-drying methods(300 ng/20 mg). To evaluate cell proliferation, cultured osteoblasts cell lines(MC3T3-El) was dropped on the BioOss(R), chitosan microgranules, TCP/chitosan microgranules and cultured for 1, 7 , 14, and 28 days. Scanning electron microscopic observation was done after 7 days of culture and light microscopic examination was done after 28 days of culture. PDGF-BB release from the microgranules was tested. Rabbit calvarial defects(8 mm in diameter) were formed and chitosan, TCP/chitosan, PDGF-TCP/chitosan microgranules, and BioGran(R) were grafted to test the ability of new bone formation. At SEM view, the size of prepared microgranules was 250-1000 um and TCP powders were observed at the surface of TCP/chitosan microgranules. TCP powders gave roughness to the granules and this might help the attachment of osteoblasts. The pores formed between microgranules might be able to allow new bone ingrowth and vascularization. There were no significant differences in cell number among BioOss(R) and two microgranules at 28 day. Light and scanning electron microscopic examination showed that seeded osteoblastic cells were well attached to TCP/chitosan microgranules and proliferated in a multi-layer. PDGF-BB released from TCP/chitosan microgranules was at therapeutic concentration for at least 1 week. In rabbit calvarial defect models, PDGF-TCP/chitosan microgranules grafted sites showed thicker bone trabeculae pattern and faster bone maturation than others. These results suggested that the TCP/chitosan microgranules showed the potential as bone substitutes.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2016

The survey was conducted to investigate biomass and distribution of fisheries resources using a quantitative echo sounder and a fixed gillnet around Marado coast of Jeju to obtain the scientific basic data for dispute resolution with a large purse seine fishery and coastal fishing and policy establishment of reasonable fisheries resources. Hydroacoustic surveys were conducted six times (November 28~29, 2015 (night), February 23~24, 2016 (night) and March 3~4, 2016 (night/day), March 30~31, 2016 (night/day)) using a quantitative echo sounder. The pelagic fish densities were relatively higher around Marado in November 2015, February 2016 and March 3~4, 2016. However, demersal fish densities were relatively higher in Jeju coastal waters on March 30~31, 2016. Catch data using fixed gill net were used to calculate biomass. Based on the hydroacoustic data, fish length-weight function and target strength information of dominant fish, the biomass of fishes were estimated as follow: 5.64 ton CV = 70.2% at night on November 28-29 2015, 7.14 ton CV = 35.8% of pelagic fish and 530.77 ton CV = 34.6% of demersal fishes at night on February 23-24 2016, 2.34 ton CV = 56.7% of pelagic fish and 571.93 ton CV = 40.3% of demersal fish at daytime, 1.39 ton CV = 48.4% of pelagic fish and 194.59 ton CV = 54.3% of demersal fish at night on March 3~4 2016, 0.37 ton CV = 72.9% of pelagic fish and 338.79 ton CV = 99.7% of demersal fish at daytime, 0.24 ton CV = 21.3% of pelagic fish and 68.61 ton CV = 53.8% of demersal fish at night on March 30~31 2016.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2012

Hybrid surveys using hydroacoustic and fish sampling gears such as trammel net, trap were conducted to investigate total biomass, distribution and dominant fish species of the demersal fishes in the marine ranching area (MRA) of Jeju. Four surveys were carried out in June, August, October and November using 38kHz quantitative echo sounder. Catch data using trammel net and trap were used to calculate biomass and to examine dominant fish species. Fish schools were mainly detected in the waters of 20 meters below and around Chagwido waters. By the result of fishing experiments, fish species living in MRA of Jeju were about 40 species, dominant fish species of a detectable fish such as Family Sparidae and Family Monacanthidae etc. were identified 59.4~68.8% of total biomass. Based on the hydroacoustic data, fish length-weight function and target strength information, mean density of the demersal fish estimated were as follows; 0.88g/$m^2$ on June, 1.12g/$m^2$ on August, 1.35g/$m^2$ on October and 1.18g/$m^2$ on November. An estimated average biomass in MRA of Jeju was founded 20.5 tons in 2007, 20.6 tons in 2008, 23.0 tons in 2009, 25.9 tons in 2010. The results showed that biomass of MRA is getting increased slowly. Therefore the hybrid survey method using hydroacoustic and fish sampling gears is assured an effective biomass survey in the waters of mixed species.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1200-1203
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• 2005

Kami-Okchun-San(OCS) is known as an effective herbal medicine on Type 2 diabetes. We peformed to investigate acute toxicity of OCS on ICR mice. ICR mice in acute toxicity experiment were administered orally with dosages of 3,200mg/kg (low dosage group), 4,000mg/kg (middle dosage group), 5,000mg/kg (high dosage group) per single time, respectively. Body weights, clinical signs, motalities and histopathological finding were observed daily for 14 days according to the Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration(1999. 12. 22). Single oral administration of OCS with different dosages, no animals died of the test drug. Autopsy of animal revealed no abnormal gross findings. Therefore, LD50 value of OCS for ICR mice was more than 5,000mg/kg on oral route. Normally increasing changes were observed in body weight, drinking water and food intake in every dosage group. Hematological parameters were also observed normally in all animals. No histopathological lesions were observed in both control and treated animals. Above data suggest that no toxic dose level of OCS in ICR mice is considered to be more than 5,000mg/kg. Therefore, it was concluded that OCS have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in ICR mice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2013

2001년 국립식량과학원 인공기상실에서 수경재배로 규산의 시용 여부가 영양생장기 벼의 수분과 질소흡수량에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 규산시용 여부 및 공급된 질소의 형태별 처리에 의한 시험품종들의 수분과 질소이용효율을 산출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 처리 67일 후의 벼 건물중은 규산처리 시험구 및 $NH_4+NO_3$ 혼합시용 처리구가 규산을 처리하지 않은 시험구 및 NH4 단독시용 처리구보다 유의하게 증가하였음. 2. 이앙 후 67일간 조사된 벼의 수분흡수량은 규산처리와 규산 무처리 간의 차이가 없었으나 질소흡수량은 규산 무처리에 비해 규산처리구에서 유의하게 증가하였음. 3. 질소형태별로는 $NH_4$ 단독 시용보다$NH_4+NO_3$ 혼합시용에서 규산처리 여부와 관계없이 수분과 질소흡수량이 월등히 많았음. 4. 수분이용효율은 규산처리 시험구가 규산을 처리하지 않은 시험구에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나 질소형태별 처리에서는 차이가 없었음. 5. 질소형태의 혼합처리가 암모늄태 단독처리보다 질소 흡수량은 유의하게 많았으나 질소이용효율은 감소하였음.